September 1905

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September 1, 1905 (Friday)

September 2, 1905 (Saturday)
  • A powerful gale on Lake Superior in North America sank several ships, killing at least 35 people including the 19 crew of the steamer Iosco and the ship Olive Jeanette.[5]
  • France sent an ultimatum to the Sultan of Morocco demanding an apology and indemnity for the August 22 arrest of a French Algerian merchant.[3]

September 3, 1905 (Sunday)
  • At least 30 people were killed by a terrorist bomb in Barcelona while watching a parade of Spanish Marine Infantry.[6]
  • Los Angeles was struck by a major earthquake, but without significant damage.[3]
  • Born: Carl David Anderson, American physicist, 1936 Nobel Prize laureate for his discovery of the positron, later the discoverer of the muon; in New York City (d. 1991)

September 4, 1905 (Monday)
  • A cause of action began that would lead to the landmark 1908 U.S. Supreme Court decision of Muller v. Oregon when Mrs. Elmer Gotcher, an employee of the Grand Laundry in Portland, Oregon (owned by Curt Muller), was told by foreman Joe Haselbock that she would have to continue working beyond the 10-hour shift that she had spent already. Mrs. Gotcher complained, and Muller was charged with a violation of a 1903 Oregon law that set a maximum work day of 10 hours for female employees of factories and laundries, though the law did not apply to male employees. The Supreme Court ruling set would a precedent that laws that applied separately by gender were not violative of Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution.[7]
  • Amédée E. Forget was sworn in as the first Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan, answering to the Governor-General of Canada (there being no office of "Governor") and was tasked with choosing an acting Premier of Saskatchewan until elections could be held. Forget would select Thomas Walter Scott to the position.[8]

September 5, 1905 (Tuesday)

September 6, 1905 (Wednesday)
  • The patent application for the cotton candy machine was filed by Albert D. Robinson of Lynn, Massachusetts submitted his patent for "Controlling an Electric Candy-Spinning Machine", making the creation of cotton candy (also called "candy floss") safe and practical, with a design that would be used more than a century later. Robinson would be granted U.S. Patent No. 856,424 on June 11, 1907.[11]
  • The University of Kansas School of Medicine began its first classes, opening at a campus in Kansas City, Kansas after the merger of an existing two-year program at the main campus at Lawrence with three medical colleges in Kansas City.
  • Born: Walther Müller, German-born U.S. physicist, creator of the Geiger-Müller tube; in Hanover (d. 1979)
  • Died: Thomas Menees, 82, American physician who served in the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War, later the dean of the Vanderbilt University college of medicine

September 7, 1905 (Thursday)

September 8, 1905 (Friday)

September 9, 1905 (Saturday)
  • Denmark-born Oscar Nelson, better known as "Battling Nelson", won the world lightweight boxing championship in a 45-round fight against titleholder Jimmy Britt, held at the Mission Street Arena in the San Francisco suburb of Colma.[15] Nelson, who had lost to Britt on December 20, 1904, knocked Britt out in the 18th round to win a purse of $18,841. Films of the fight were made by the Miles Brothers Company, and the event was replayed to paying viewers at movie theaters across North America.[16]
  • An gunpowder explosion killed 19 employees of the Rand Powder Mills in Fairchance, Pennsylvania, and seriously injured nine others.[17]

September 10, 1905 (Sunday)

September 11, 1905 (Monday)
  • Twelve passengers on an elevated rail car in New York City were killed, and more than 40 injured, when the train car fell to the street because of the wrong setting of a switch on the tracks.[3]
  • The execution of a Polish Socialist leader led to a general strike in Warsaw in the Russian-controlled Congress Poland[3]
  • Emperor Franz Josef of Austria-Hungary rejected the Hungarian Assembly's proposal for women suffrage.[3]

September 12, 1905 (Tuesday)

September 13, 1905 (Wednesday)
  • In Helsinki, at the time part of the Russian-ruled Grand Duchy of Finland, Imperial Army troops with bayonets forcibly broke up the meeting of 800 delegates who had gathered from towns across the Duchy to discuss independence.[19]
  • Died: René Goblet, 76, Prime Minister of France 1886 to 1887

September 14, 1905 (Thursday)
  • After a meeting of Finnish representatives at Helsingfors, threats were made to kill the Russian Governor-General of Finland.[3]
  • The Prime Minister of Hungary and his cabinet of ministers resigned.[3]
  • Died: Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, 53, Italian-born French explorer for whom the Republic of Congo's capital, Brazzaville, was named, died of a tropical illness contracted during his Mission Extraordinaire

September 15, 1905 (Friday)
  • As part of the armistice in the Russo-Japanese War, Japan's Marshal Oyama and Russia's General Linevich agreed to set up a demilitarized zone 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) wide between the positions of the two armies.[3]

September 16, 1905 (Saturday)
  • A joint announcement was made at Karlstad by the commissioners of Sweden and Norway to assure citizens in the Union that there would be no war between the two countries after separation.[3]

September 17, 1905 (Sunday)
  • Several ministers of the Korean Empire agreed to allow Japan to control its foreign relations, with the Japanese Foreign Office having an official in Seoul.[20]
The All Blacks of 1905-06, wearing "their sable and unrelieved costume"

September 18, 1905 (Monday)

September 19, 1905(Tuesday)

September 20, 1905 (Wednesday)
  • Stage magician and escape artist Harry Houdini, and a challenger who styled himself as "Jacques Boudini", participated in a challenge to see which person could get free first from handcuffs, chains and leg irons while underwater. Both men jumped from a tugboat at the same time into the Hudson River at New York City's Battery Park. Houdini escaped his handcuffs in 70 seconds and freed his feet 90 seconds later, while Boudini struggled beneath the surface before being rescued.[22][23]
  • On the Philippine island of Palawan, almost 100 prisoners were able to break out of the brutal Iwahig Penal Colony, with 33 escaping to freedom. Most of the 33 would either be killed or recaptured by a contingent of the Philippine Scouts stationed at Puerto Princesa.[24]
  • Died:

September 21, 1905 (Thursday)
  • The Italian town of Sutena in Italy was buried in an avalanche caused by sulphur mining operations on Mount San Paolino.[25]
  • The government of Russia announced that the ban against public meetings would be lifted, in order to allow campaigning for elections for the Duma.[25]
  • In the antitrust criminal case against the Chicago meatpackers, four officials of the Schwartzchild & Sulzberger Company pled guilty to charges of conspiracy to accept railroad kickbacks.[25]
  • Died:

September 22, 1905 (Friday)
  • The leader of the Liberal Party of Cuba, Colonel Dillundas, was killed while on a visit to Cienfuegos, and the city's police chief was wounded.[25]
  • U.S. District Attorney Morrison announced that criminal charges would be taken against the railroads for giving rebates to shippers.[25]
  • Born:
  • Haakon Lie, Norwegian politician who led the Norwegian Labor Party from 1945 to 1969; in Kristiania (now Oslo) (d. 2009)
  • Eugen Sänger, Austrian aerospace engineer; in Pressnitz, Bohemia, Austria (now Přísečnice in the Czech Republic) (d. 1964)

September 23, 1905 (Saturday)
  • At Karlstad, the Swedish and Norwegian delegates reached a complete agreement on dissolution of the Union of Sweden and Norway. The agreement was published on September 25 in both Stockholm and Christiana (now Oslo)[25]
  • In voting in Cuba, President Palma was re-elected and his Moderate party received a majority in the Cuban Congress.[25]
  • Coalition leaders in Hungary rejected the ultimatum sent to them by the Emperor/King of Austria-Hungary.[25]

September 24, 1905 (Sunday)
  • Representatives of the warring Armenians and Tatars signed a peace treaty at Baku, moderated by Prince Louis Napoleon, Governor-General of the Caucasian Governorate.[25]
  • Born: Severo Ochoa, Spanish–American biochemist, 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate for his co-discovery with Arthur Kornberg for the mechanisms of DNA (d. 1993)

September 25, 1905 (Monday)
  • Elections were held for the Spanish Senate.[25]
  • The meeting of a political congress of 300 delegates from all parts of the Russian Empire was held in a large private house in Moscow, with the consent of the government.[25]
  • Health commissioners of Mississippi and Tennessee agreed to waive quarantine requirements against persons who were traveling back from Louisiana. The change was made after President Roosevelt announced his plan to visit New Orleans and then to come back through the neighboring states.[25]
  • Died: Godefroy Cavaignac, 52, French Minister of War who discovered evidence that Captain Alfred Dreyfus had been framed, but continued the prosecution anyway

September 26, 1905 (Tuesday)
  • Germany and France reached an agreement setting out their spheres of influence in Morocco.[25]
  • The six great powers notified the Ottoman Empire that they would assume financial control and jurisdiction over Macedonia and that the decision was inalterable.[25] The Ottoman's entered their formal protest on October 2.
  • The British Empire and the Chinese Empire announced that they had agreed to the basic terms for a treaty regarding the status of Tibet.[25]
  • The United Kingdom announced the terms of its military alliance with Japan.[25]
  • Born:

September 27, 1905 (Wednesday)
  • Albert Einstein submitted his paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" for publication, putting forward the idea of mass–energy equivalence and introducing the famous equation E = mc2. The paper would be published on November 21.
  • Died: Wheeler H. Peckham, 72, American lawyer whose 1894 appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court was rejected by the U.S. Senate

September 28, 1905 (Thursday)
  • Blockage of the Suez Canal by the sunken steamship Chatham is ended as the ship and its 90 tons of dynamite are exploded.[25]
  • The Talla reservoir, providing 2.75 billion gallons of fresh water to Edinburgh, was opened at Peebleshire.[25]
  • Born: Max Schmeling, German boxer and world heavyweight champion from 1930 to 1932; in Klein Luckow (d. 2005)
  • Died: T. Edgar Pemberton, 56, English novelist and playwright, died after a long illness

September 29, 1905 (Friday)
  • Russia and France reached an agreement on commerce, to take effect on March 1.[25]

September 30, 1905 (Saturday)

References
  1. "New Canadian Provinces: Saskatchewan and Alberta", The Manchester Guardian, September 1, 1905, p. 6
  2. "Alberta Declared a Province and Lieutenant Governor Bulyea Sworn in 'mid Great Applause", Calgary Daily Herald, September 1, 1905, p. 1
  3. The American Monthly Review of Reviews (November 1905) pp. 410-413
  4. van Helsdingen, Peter J. (1973). "Father Chrysanthus O.F.M. Cap.: 1 September 1905 – 4 May 1972". Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society. 2 (7): 148.
  5. "Crew of Nineteen Lost— Steamer Ioscoff Added to List of Wrecks in Lake Storm", Washington Post, September 6, 1905, p.1
  6. "Victims of Bomb— Thirty to Sixty Killed and Injured in Barcelona", Washington Post, September 4, 1905, p.1
  7. "Muller v. Oregon", by Melvin I. Urofsky, in The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (Oxford University Press, 2005) p. 655
  8. Gordon Barnhart, ed., Saskatchewan Premiers of the Twentieth Century (University of Regina Press, 2004) pp. xiii-xiv
  9. "Treaty Is Signed— Guns and Bells Proclaimed News at Portsmouth", Washington Post, September 6, 1905, p.1
  10. David Scott Kastan (2006). The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-19-516921-8.
  11. "U.S. Patent No. 856,424", Google Patents
  12. Ahmed F. El-Sayed, Bird Strike in Aviation: Statistics, Analysis and Management (Wiley, 2019) p. 120
  13. "Die in Earthquake— Hundreds of Lives Are Lost in Southern Italy", Washington Post, September 9, 1905, p.1
  14. "Henry Slade Dead— The noted Spiritualistic Medium Dies in a Michigan Sanitorium, Aged 80", New York Sun, September 10, 1905, p. 6
  15. "Britt Knocked Out— Nelson Won Championship in Eighteenth Round", Washington Post, September 10, 1905, p.S-1
  16. Colleen Aycock and Mark Scott, Tex Rickard: Boxing's Greatest Promoter (McFarland, 2014) p.51
  17. "Death List Nineteen— Powder Works Entirely Wiped Out by an Explosion", Washington Post, September 10, 1905, p.1
  18. John Jordan, Warship 2019 (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019)
  19. "Troops Disperse Finns— Eight Hundred Delegates Unable to Hold a Meeting", New York Tribune, September 14, 1905, p. 2
  20. David I. Steinberg, The Republic Of Korea: Economic Transformation And Social Change (Taylor & Francis, 2019)
  21. Cristina Evangelista Torres, The Americanization of Manila, 1898-1921 (University of the Philippines Press, 2010) p.53
  22. "Queer Contest Is Held Under Water", Joliet (IL) Herald News, September 21, 1905, p. 5
  23. William Kalush and Larry Sloman, The Secret Life of Houdini: The Making of America's First Superhero (Simon & Schuster, 2008)
  24. "'The Prison That Makes Men Free': The Iwahig Penal Colony and the Simulacra of the American State of the Philippines", by Michael Salman, in Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State (University of Wisconsin Press, 2009) p. 117
  25. The American Monthly Review of Reviews (November 1905) pp. 540-543
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