Southeast Sulawesi

Southeast Sulawesi (Indonesian: Sulawesi Tenggara, often abbreviated to Sultra), is a province on the island of Sulawesi, forming the southeastern peninsula of that island, together with a number of substantial offshore islands such as Buton, Muna, Kabaena and Wawonii (formerly called Wowoni), together with many smaller islands. It is bordered by South Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi to the north, sharing a maritime border with Maluku and North Maluku to the east and East Nusa Tenggara to the south, as well a very narrow maritime border with East Timor to the south. The capital is the city of Kendari, on the east coast of the peninsula.

Southeast Sulawesi
Sulawesi Tenggara
Province
Province of Southeast Sulawesi
Official seal of Southeast Sulawesi
Seal
Motto(s): 
Inae Konasara Iye Pinesara Inae Liasara Iye Pinekasara (Tolaki)
"Whoever respects customs, he will be honored, but whoever does not respect customs, he will not be respected"
Location of Southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia
Location of Southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia
OpenStreetMap
Coordinates: 3°57′00″S 122°30′00″E
Founded27 April 1964
Capital
and largest city		Kendari
Government
 • BodySoutheast Sulawesi Provincial Government
 • Acting GovernorAndap Budhi Revianto
 • Vice GovernorVacant
Area
 • Total36,159.71 km2 (13,961.34 sq mi)
 • Rank24th in Indonesia
Highest elevation
(Mount Menkongga)
2,650 m (8,694 ft)
Population
 (mid 2022 estimate)[1]
 • Total2,701,661
 • Density75/km2 (190/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Ethnic groups36% Tolaki
26% Butonese
19% Muna
10% Moronene
5.2% Wawonii
3.5% Chinese
0.3% other
 • Religion96% Islam
2.3% Christianity
1.1% Hinduism
0.4% Buddhism
 • LanguagesIndonesian (official)
Buginese (lingua franca)
Cia-Cia, Moronene, Muna, Tolaki, Wakatobi, Wolio (regional)
Time zoneUTC+08 (Indonesia Central Time)
GDP (nominal)2022
 - TotalRp 158,761 billion (23rd)
US$ 10.69 billion
US$ 33.36 billion (PPP)
 - Per capitaRp 58.76 million (19th)
US$ 3,958
US$ 12,350 (PPP)
 - GrowthIncrease 5.25%
HDIIncrease 0.722 (High)
HDI rank17th (2022)
Websitesultraprov.go.id

The province has no highway road connecting to the rest of the island, and the primary transportation link is a ferry across the Bone Gulf between Watampone (Bone) in South Sulawesi and the port of Kolaka in Southeast Sulawesi.

History

From the seventeenth century until the early twentieth century, the region was the site of the Buton Sultanate (Butung).

Geography
Wakatobi Beach

The two major mountain ranges in Southeast Sulawesi are the Tanggeasinua Range and the Mekongga Range.[2] The major rivers are the Lalinda, the Lasolo, and the Sampara.[2][3]

Demographics

The population of the province was 2,232,586 at the 2010 decennial census (1,120,225 males, and 1,110,344 females),[4] increasing to 2,624,875 at the 2020 Census.[5] The official estimate as at mid 2022 was 2,701,661.[1] Konawe Selatan, Konawe, Kolaka and Muna are the four most populous regencies.

A third of the population is centered on Buton and Muna islands off the south coast of Sulawesi, and another 15% live in and around Kendari.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1971 714,120—    
1980 942,302+32.0%
1990 1,349,619+43.2%
1995 1,586,917+17.6%
2000 1,820,379+14.7%
2010 2,232,586+22.6%
2015 2,495,248+11.8%
2020 2,624,875+5.2%
2022 2,701,661+2.9%
Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2010 to 2023

Religion

Religion in Southeast Sulawesi (June 2021)[6]

  Islam (95.75%)
  Hinduism (1.90%)
  Protestantism (1.68%)
  Roman Catholic (0.61%)
  Buddhism (0.06%)

Islam is the predominant religion (96.2%). According to the 2021 estimates, 2,560,000 people were Muslims, 50,780 were Hindus, 44,870 were Protestants, 16,180 were Roman Catholics, 1,610 were Buddhists, 113 were Confusians and 63 adhered to Folk religions.[7]

Ethnic groups

The main ethnic groups in Southeast Sulawesi are "Tolaki", "Buton", "Muna" etc.

Administrative divisions

Southeast Sulawesi Province is divided into fifteen regencies (including the five new residencies established in 2013 and 2014) and two autonomous cities.

As at 1995, there were just four regencies within the province - Buton, Kolaka, Konawe and Muna. On 3 August, the city of Kendari was created from part of Konawe Regency, and on 21 June 2001 the city of Bau-Bau was created from part of Buton Regency.

On 25 February 2003, South Konawe Regency was created from part of Konawe Regency. On 18 December 2003, three new regencies were created - Bombana Regency and Wakatobi Regency from parts of Buton Regency, and North Kolaka Regency from part of Kolaka Regency. On 2 January 2007, two new regencies were created - North Konawe Regency from part of Konawe Regency, and North Buton Regency from part of Muna Regency.

In 2013 the Indonesian Government enacted the creation of 11 new Regencies and Municipalities, including the following in Southeast Sulawesi:

Subsequently, on 24 June 2014, the Indonesian Parliament agreed to create three more new regencies, based on consideration of technical, administrative, area, strategic and geopolitic factors:[8]

  • South Buton Regency, from part of Buton Regency (enacted by Act No.16 of 2014, on 23 July 2014).
  • Central Buton Regency, from part of Buton Regency (enacted by Act No.16 of 2014, on 23 July 2014).
  • West Muna Regency, from part of Muna Regency (enacted by Act No.16 of 2014, on 23 July 2014).

These regencies and cities are tabulated below, with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[4] and the 2020 Census,[5] together with the official estimates as at mid 2022.[1] The table also includes the location of the regency/city headquarters and their Human Development Index.

Kode
Wilayah		Name of
City or
Regency		Area
in
km2		Pop'n
Census
2010		Pop'n
Census
2020		Pop'n
Estimate
mid 2022		CapitalHDI[9]
2018
estimate
74.71Kendari City265.79289,966345,107356,747Kendari0.822 (Very High)
74.06Bombana Regency (a)3,293.97139,235150,706153,304Rumbia0.650 (Medium)
74.01Kolaka Regency2,958.92208,817237,587246,137Kolaka0.720 (High)
74.02Konawe Regency5,351.85213,038257,011266,299Unaaha0.707 (High)
74.08North Kolaka Regency
(Kolaka Utara)		2,932.25121,340137,659141,151Lasasua0.657 (Medium)
74.11East Kolaka Regency
(Kolaka Timur)		3,992.53106,415120,699121,145Tirawuta
74.09North Konawe Regency
(Konawe Utara)		4,219.8151,53367,87170,314Wanggudu0.684 (Medium)
74.05South Konawe Regency
(Konawe Selatan)		4,237.74264,587308,524317,826Andoolo0.675 (Medium)
Peninsula Regencies27,252.861,394,9311,625,1641,672,923
74.10North Buton Regency
(Buton Utara)		1,755.8354,73666,65369,051Buranga0.671 (Medium)
74.72Bau-Bau City294.14136,991159,248163,963Baubau0.746 (High)
74.04Buton Regency1,669.3394,388115,207119,353Pasarwajo0.650 (Medium)
74.15South Buton Regency
(Buton Seletan)		517.6374,97495,26195,613Batauga
74.14Central Buton Regency (b)
(Buton Tengah)		836.9686,350114,773118,904Labungkari
74.03Muna Regency (c)1,858.10196,645215,527223,283Raha0.684 (Medium)
74.13West Muna Regency
(Muna Barat)		818.7071,63284,59084,902Laworo
74.12Konawe Islands Regency (d)
(Konawe Kepulauan)		705.7128,94437,05038,383Langara
74.07Wakatobi Regency450.4692,995111,402115,286Wanci, on
Wangi-wangi
island		0.685 (Medium)
Island Regencies8,906.86837,655999,7111,028,738

Notes: (a) Bombana Regency is partly peninsula (the areas around Poleang and Rumbia on Sulawesi Island) and partly insular (including most of Kabaena Island).
(b) The Central Buton Regency comprises the southern part of Muna Island and a small southern part of Kabaena Island, but does not include any part of Buton Island.
(c) Under discussion is a proposal to create an additional municipality of Raha, on Muna Island. This potential extra municipality, is not separated in the table above.
(d) The Konawe Islands Regency comprises Wawonii Island and small offshore islets.

Transportation

Airports

Ports
  • Antam Pomalaa, Kolaka
  • Bungkutoko, Kendari
  • Ferry (ASDP), Kolaka
  • Ferry Batulo, Baubau
  • Ferry Lagasa, Muna
  • Ferry Pure, Muna
  • Ferry Tampo, Muna
  • Ferry Tondasi, West Muna
  • Ferry Wamengkoli, Central Buton
  • Liana Banggai, Central Buton
  • Maligano, Muna
  • Murhum, Baubau
  • Nusantara, Kendari
  • Nusantara Raha, Muna
  • Pangulu Belo, Wakatobi
  • Samudra, Kolaka
  • Simpu, South Buton
  • Transito Talaga Raya, Central Buton

See also

References
  1. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Dalam Angka 2023 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.74)
  2. "Tanggeasinua Mountains". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
  3. TPC M-12 AG, Indonesia (Map) (first ed.). 1:500,000. Director of Military Survey, Ministry of Defence, United Kingdom. 1972.
  4. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  5. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  6. "Mayoritas Penduduk Sulawesi Tenggara Beragama Islam pada Juni 2021 | Databoks".
  7. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2022.
  8. Riza Harahap (June 24, 2014). "DPR setujui tiga kabupaten baru di Sultra".
  9. https://sultra.bps.go.id/site/resultTab
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