Infrahyoid muscles

The infrahyoid muscles, or strap muscles, are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck.[1] The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles.[1]

Infrahyoid muscles
Muscles of the neck seen from the front. The infrahyoid muscles are coloured in violet.
Details
NerveAnsa cervicalis (except thyrohyoid muscle)
ActionsDepress the hyoid bone
Identifiers
LatinMusculi infrahyoidei
TA98A04.2.04.001
TA22167
FMA71298
Anatomical terms of muscle

Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either originate from or insert on to the hyoid bone.[2]

The term infrahyoid refers to the region below the hyoid bone, while the term strap muscles refers to the long and flat muscle shapes which resembles a strap. The stylopharyngeus muscle is considered by many to be one of the strap muscles, but is not an infrahyoid muscle.

Individual muscles

The origin, insertion and innervation of the individual muscles:[3]

MuscleOriginInsertionInnervation
SternohyoidPosterior surface of manubrium sterni, adjoining parts of clavicle and the posterior sternoclavicular ligamentMedial part of lower border of hyoid boneAnsa cervicalis
SternothyroidPosterior surface of manubrium sterni and adjoining part of first costal cartilageOblique line of thyroid cartilageAnsa cervicalis
ThyrohyoidOblique line of the thyroid cartilageLower border of the body and the greater cornu of the hyoid boneCervical spinal nerve 1 via the hypoglossal nerve
Omohyoid (superior belly)Intermediate tendonHyoid boneSuperior root of ansa cervicalis (C1)
Omohyoid (inferior belly)Superior border of scapulaIntermediate tendonAnsa cervicalis (C1-C3)

Nerve supply

All of the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis from the cervical plexus (C1-C3)[4][5] except the thyrohyoid muscle, which is innervated by fibers only from the first cervical spinal nerve travelling with the hypoglossal nerve.[1]

Function

The infrahyoid muscles function to elevate and depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speech.[6] This moves the larynx as one unit.[7]

See also

References
  1. McHanwell, Steve; Watson, Charles (1 January 2009). "Localization of Motoneurons in the Spinal Cord". The Spinal Cord: 94–114. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374247-6.50011-0. ISBN 9780123742476.
  2. KenHub. "Infrahyoid muscles". Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  3. Ellis, Harold; Susan Standring; Gray, Henry David (2005). Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. pp. 538–539. ISBN 0-443-07168-3.
  4. Cesmebasi, Alper (1 January 2015), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 31 - Anatomy of the Cervical Plexus and Its Branches", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 441–449, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00032-9, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0
  5. Kayalioglu, Gulgun (1 January 2009), Watson, Charles; Paxinos, George; Kayalioglu, Gulgun (eds.), "Chapter 4 - The Spinal Nerves", The Spinal Cord, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 37–56, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374247-6.50008-0, ISBN 978-0-12-374247-6
  6. Merea, Valeria Silva; Pitman, Michael J. (1 January 2019), Chhetri, Dinesh K.; Dewan, Karuna (eds.), "Chapter 5 - Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter", Dysphagia Evaluation and Management in Otolaryngology, Elsevier, pp. 29–34, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-56930-9.00005-x, ISBN 978-0-323-56930-9, S2CID 80855923
  7. Feinstein, Aaron J.; Dewan, Karuna (1 January 2019), Chhetri, Dinesh K.; Dewan, Karuna (eds.), "Chapter 4 - Larynx", Dysphagia Evaluation and Management in Otolaryngology, Elsevier, pp. 23–28, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-56930-9.00004-8, ISBN 978-0-323-56930-9
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