List of Symphyotrichum species

Symphyotrichum is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Astereae which includes the commonly cultivated New York aster (S. novi-belgii) and New England aster (S. novae-angliae). Its species are widespread in the Americas, including as far north as subarctic North America to as far south as Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. One species has a native range extending into eastern Eurasia.

Symphyotrichum genus
Collage image of nine Symphyotrichum species: S. carnerosanum (light purple rays with yellow centers), S. chilense (long bright purple rays with yellow centers), S. adnatum (short light purple rays with brownish-yellow centers), S. lateriflorum (very short white rays with yellow and bright pink centers), S. concolor (bright purple rays with pale yellow centers), S. ericoides (short white rays with yellow centers), S. defoliatum (medium-length bright light purple rays with bright yellow centers), S. ciliatum (no rays with bright yellow centers and many green bracts surrounding the flower heads), and S. novae-angliae (very bright and strong purple rays with yellow centers)
Some Symphyotrichum species left–right, top–bottom are shown: S. carnerosanum, S. chilense, S. adnatum, S. lateriflorum, S. concolor, S. ericoides, S. defoliatum, S. ciliatum, S. novae-angliae.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Astereae
Subtribe: Symphyotrichinae
Genus: Symphyotrichum
Nees

Most of the species in the genus are perennials. The flower heads have white, pink, purple, or blue ray florets surrounding white to yellow disk florets. The disk floret corollas become pink, purple, or brown after pollination. The three species in section Conyzopsis have reduced or absent ray florets.

Symphyotrichum is the type genus of subtribe Symphyotrichinae. There are 98 species in the genus, some with varieties, and thirteen named hybrids. The genus is split into five subgenera: Chapmaniana, Astropolium, Virgulus, Ascendentes, and Symphyotrichum. Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters now are separated into monophyletic genera based on multiple phylogenetic studies.

Conventions
NatureServe conservation categories

Conservation status codes follow the NatureServe conservation (NS) rounded global status scheme. Hybrids have a column for parents in place of conservation status. Not listed (NL) is not a NatureServe category but is used here to represent those left out of global status rankings up to G5 (including GNA and GNR) and those not in NatureServe. Type species for each clade are in a separate table.

Legend
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation Basionym Year Common name(s) [and varieties] NS Habitat Distribution
Abbreviated scientific name, link to species article,[lower-alpha 1] and picture, if available Author citation Basionym Year of the original species description Common name(s) and varieties, if applicable NatureServe rounded global conservation status Habitat Distribution map

Classification

Classification of Symphyotrichum

Classification within Symphyotrichum

Most of the species had been classified within the genus Aster until it was confirmed to be polyphyletic. The American asters were then separated based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic studies.[5][6] S. novae-angliae and S. turbinellum are monotypic within sections. S. novae-angliae is classified in the subgenus Virgulus. In 1994, it was placed in section Grandiflori, subsection Polyligulae.[7] In 2002, it was segregated within its own section Polyliguli.[8] The list follows the 2002 circumscription of section Polyliguli for the species. S. turbinellum is classified in the subgenus Symphyotrichum. It has been placed within its own section Turbinelli.[8] It was previously placed in section Symphyotrichum, subsection Turbinelli.[9] The list follows the more recent circumscription of section Turbinelli for the species.


Clades

  • Symphyotrichum subg. Chapmaniana (Semple) Semple[8]
  • Symphyotrichum subg. Astropolium (Nutt.) Semple[8]
  • Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom[10]
    • sect. Ericoidei (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[11]
    • sect. Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[11]
      • subsect. Brachyphylli (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[11]
      • subsect. Patentes[11]
    • sect. Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[7]
      • subsect. Mexicanae G.L.Nesom[7]
      • subsect. Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[7]
    • sect. Polyliguli (Semple & Brouillet) Semple[8]
    • sect. Concolores (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[12]
  • Symphyotrichum subg. Ascendentes (Rydb.) Semple[8]
  • Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum[13]
    • sect. Conyzopsis (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[14]
    • sect. Occidentales (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom[14]
    • sect. Turbinelli (Rydb.) Semple[8]
    • sect. Symphyotrichum[15]
      • subsect. Dumosi (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[9]
      • subsect. Heterophylli (Nees) Semple[8]
      • subsect. Porteriani (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom[16]
      • subsect. Symphyotrichum
        • series Punicei (House) Semple[8]
        • series Symphyotrichum
Type species
Clade Type species Source
Genus Symphyotrichum S. novi-belgii [13]
Subgenus Chapmaniana S. chapmanii [8]
Subgenus Astropolium S. tenuifolium [8]
Subgenus Virgulus S. concolor [10]
Section Ericoidei S. ericoides [11]
Section Patentes S. patens [11]
Subsection Brachyphylli S. walteri [11]
Subsection Patentes S. patens [11]
Section Grandiflori S. grandiflorum [7]
Subsection Mexicanae S. moranense [7]
Subsection Grandiflori S. grandiflorum [7]
Section Polyliguli S. novae-angliae [8]
Section Concolores S. concolor [12]
Subgenus Ascendentes S. ascendens [8]
Subgenus Symphyotrichum S. novi-belgii [15]
Section Conyzopsis S. ciliatum [14]
Section Occidentales S. spathulatum [14]
Section Turbinelli S. turbinellum [8]
Section Symphyotrichum S. novi-belgii [15]
Subsection Dumosi S. dumosum [9]
Subsection Heterophylli S. cordifolium [8]
Series Concinni S. laeve [8]
Series Cordifolii S. cordifolium [8]
Subsection Porteriani S. porteri [16]
Subsection Symphyotrichum S. novi-belgii
Series Punicei S. puniceum [8]
Series Symphyotrichum S. novi-belgii
Species classifications


Species list

Subgenus Chapmaniana
Subgenus Chapmaniana (Semple) Semple[8] – one species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s)
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
S. chapmanii
Photo of a flower head of S. chapmanii taken 24 November 2015 in Apalachicola National Forest, Florida.
 (Torr. & A.Gray)
Semple & Brouillet		 Aster chapmanii 1841 Savanna aster  G2  Wetlands, bogs, acid swamps
0–30 m (0–100 ft)
Map of Alabama and Florida with counties of distribution of Symphyotrichum chapmanii shaded in green: Primarily the Apalachicola River drainage basin. Alabama counties — Geneva and Houston; Florida counties — Alachua, Bay, Calhoun, Franklin, Gulf, Jackson, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, St. Lucie, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington.
[21]

Subgenus Astropolium
Subgenus Astropolium (Nutt.) Semple[8] – twelve species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) and varieties NS
[20]		 Habitat Distribution
[17]
S. divaricatum
S. divaricatum: Photograph of Symphyotrichum divaricatum taken 10 November 2018 in Bell County, Texas.
 (Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		 Tripolium divaricatum 1840 Southern annual saltmarsh aster[22]  G5  Marshy habitats, roadsides, lawns, and waste places
0–1,500 m (0–4,921 ft)[19]
Symphyotrichum divaricatum native distribution: Mexico — Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
[23][22]
S. glabrifolium
S. glabrifolium: Details from an image from iNaturalist, photographed 13 March 2021, Malargue, Mendoza, Argentina
 (DC.)
G.L.Nesom		 Erigeron glabrifolius 1836  NL  Wet meadows and stream edges
1,500–2,400 m (4,920–7,870 ft)[24]
Symphyotrichum glabrifolium native distribution map: Argentine provinces — Mendoza, Neuquén, Río Negro, and Santa Cruz; and central and south Chile.
[24]
S. graminifolium
S. graminifolium: Inflorescence from Aster squamatus var. graminifolius herbarium specimen L3030201. Collected in Ypacaray, Paraguay, 1 April 1913 by E. Hassler and stored at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
 (Spreng.)
G.L.Nesom		 Conyza graminifolia 1826  NL  Humid places[25]
Symphyotrichum graminifolium distribution map: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
S. martii
S. martii: Crop from an image of the Aster martii holotype specimen, collected at the throat of the Vacaria River, Minas Gerais, Brazil, n.d.
 (Baker)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster martii 1882  NL  Cerrado savanna, grasslands[26]
Symphyotrichum martii distribution map: Brazil — Minas Gerais.
[26]
S. parviflorum
S. parviflorum at Coyote Hills Regional Park, California, US
 (Nees)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster parviflorus 1818 Southwestern annual saltmarsh aster[27]  NL  Marshy habitats and roadsides
0–1,100 m (0–3,609 ft)[28]
Symphyotrichum parviflorum native distribution: USA (Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah); Costa Rica; Belize; Cuba; Ecuador; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatán, Zacatecas); Belize; Nicaragua; Haiti; Dominican Republic.
[29]
S. patagonicum
 (Cabrera)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster patagonicus 1971  NL  Mallines and lagoon edges
500–2,500 m (1,640–8,200 ft)[30]
Symphyotrichum patagonicum distribution map: Argentine provinces – Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquén, and Santa Cruz.
[30]
S. peteroanum
S. peteroanum: Details from a Symphyotrichum peteroanum herbarium specimen (as Aster vahlii var. latifolius). Chile, Province Biobio in the Sierra de Polcura, 1 February 1972.
 (Phil.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster peteroanus 1894  NL  Humid montane ecosystems
1,000–2,200 m (3,280–7,220 ft)[31]
Symphyotrichum peteroanum native distribution: Subantarctic mountains of Argentina and Chile.
[31]
S. potosinum
S. potosinum: Details from a Symphyotrichum potosinum photo with white ray florets, yellow center, somewhat firm but grass-like leaves
 (A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster potosinus 1880 Santa Rita Mountain aster[19]  G2  Muddy and wet soils on stream banks
1,500–1,900 m (4,920–6,230 ft)[19]
Symphyotrichum potosinum distribution map: Huachuca Mountains in Cochise County, Arizona; Mexican states of Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Veracruz, and Zacatecas.
[20][32]
S. regnellii
S. regnelli: Details of a Symphyotrichum regnelli herbarium specimen held at the New York Botanical Garden, collected 10 March 2001, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
 (Baker)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster regnellii 1882  NL  Swamps or damp savanna soils[33]
Symphyotrichum regnellii distribution map: Argentine provinces — Corrientes and Misiones; west-central, southeast, and south Brazil.
[33][17]
S. subulatum
S. subulatum flower head close-up
 (Michx.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster subulatus 1803
  • Annual saltmarsh aster
  • Eastern annual saltmarsh aster[19]

Three varieties[34]
  • S. s. var. subulatum
  • S. s. var. elongatum (Bahaman aster)
  • S. s. var. squamatum (southeastern annual saltmarsh aster)
 G5  Brackish marshes, salt marshes, roadsides
0–4,000 m (0–13,120 ft)[34]
Symphyotrichum subulatum distribution map: Argentina; Bahamas; Belize; Bolivia; Brazil; Canada — New Brunswick and Ontario; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; Guatemala; Haiti; Honduras; Jamaica; Mexico; Nicaragua; Paraguay; Peru; Uruguay; US — Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Virginia; and, Venezuela. Also introduced worldwide.
S. tenuifolium
S. tenuifolium: Photo of Symphyotrichum tenuifolium taken 31 August 2019 in New York, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster tenuifolius 1753 Perennial saltmarsh aster[19]

Two varieties[35]
  • S. t. var. tenuifolium
  • S. t. var. aphyllum (Brace’s aster)
 G5  Coastal salt marshes, brackish marshes, low pine woods
0–10 m (0–30 ft)[35]
Symphyotrichum tenuifolium distribution map: Bahamas, Cuba, and US (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia).
S. vahlii
S. vahlii: Photograph of Symphyotrichum vahlii taken 14 January 2019 at East Falkland, Falkland Islands.
 (Gaudich.)
G.L.Nesom		 Erigeron vahlii 1825
  • Margarita
  • Marsh daisy[36]

Two varieties[17]
  • S. v. var. vahlii
  • S. v. var. tenuifolium
 NL  Grassland, heathland, peaty soil, sandy soil
20–1,200 m (70–3,940 ft)[37]
Symphyotrichum vahlii distribution map: South Argentina, Bolivia, central and south Chile, and Falkland Islands (UK).

Subgenus Virgulus

Subgenus Virgulus (Raf.) G.L.Nesom[10]

Section Ericoidei
Section Ericoidei (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[11] – two species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat Distribution
S. ericoides
S. ericoides: Photo of inflorescence of Symphyotrichum ericoides taken 12 September 2017 in Green Lake County, Wisconsin, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster ericoides 1753 White heath aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. e. var. ericoides
  • S. e. var. pansum
 G5  Open locations with sandy, gravelly, or disturbed soil
30–2,400 m (100–7,870 ft)[38]
Symphyotrichum ericoides distribution map: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Québec, and Saskatchewan; Mexico — Coahuila and Nuevo León; US — Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
[17][39]
S. falcatum
S. falcatum: Photo of flower head of Symphyotrichum falcatum taken 2 September 2008 in Bozeman, Montana, US.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster falcatus 1834
  • Western heath aster
  • White prairie aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. f. var. falcatum
  • S. f. var. commutatum
 G5  Well-drained soils, stream banks and slopes, and others
200–2,500 m (660–8,200 ft)[38]
Symphyotrichum falcatum distribution map: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Yukon; Mexico — Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Nuevo León, and Sonora; US — Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
[17][40]

Section Patentes

Section Patentes (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[11]

Subsection Brachyphylli
Subsection Brachyphylli (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[11] – two species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s)
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[17]
S. adnatum
S. adnatum: Photo of an inflorescence of Symphyotrichum adnatum taken 25 November 2019 in Punta Gorda, Florida, US.
 (Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster adnatus 1834 Scaleleaf aster  G4  Sandy soils, scrub, woods
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
Symphyotrichum adnatum distribution map: Bahamas and US (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi).
S. walteri
S. walteri: Photo of Symphyotrichum walteri taken 21 December 2019 in Orange County, Florida, US.
 (Alexander)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster walteri 1933 Walter's aster  G4  Sandy and clay soils, woods edges, open areas
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
Symphyotrichum walteri distribution map: US — Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
Subsection Patentes
Subsection Patentes – three species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[17]
S. georgianum
S. georgianum: Photo of Symphyotrichum georgianum taken 14 October 2008 in Georgia, US.
 (Alexander)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster georgianus 1933 Georgia aster  G3  Sandy or clay soil, woodlands, mostly Piedmont
0–300 m (0–980 ft)
Symphyotrichum georgianum distribution map: US — Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
S. patens
S. patens: Photo of Symphyotrichum patens taken 20 October 2020 in Polkton, North Carolina, US.
 (Aiton)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster patens 1789
  • Late purple aster
  • Spreading aster

Three varieties[17]
  • S. p. var. patens
  • S. p. var. gracile
  • S. p. var. patentissimum
 G5  Dry woodlands, sandy or clay soils, fields
0–1,000 m (0–3,280 ft)[38]
Symphyotrichum patens distribution map: US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia.
[17][41]
S. phlogifolium
S. phlogifolium: Photo of Symphyotrichum phlogifolium taken 17 September 2020 in Ohio, US.
 (Muhl. ex Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster phlogifolius 1803 Thinleaf late purple aster  G5  Various soils, rich mesic hardwood forests
0–1,100 m (0–3,610 ft)
Symphyotrichum phlogifolium distribution map: US — Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Section Grandiflori

Section Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[7]

Subsection Mexicanae
Subsection Mexicanae G.L.Nesom[7] – seven species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) NS
[20]		 Habitat Distribution
S. bimater
S. bimater: Details of the inflorescence of a specimen of Symphyotrichum bimater stored in the New York Botanical Garden Steere Herbarium
 (Standl. & Steyerm.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster bimater 1944  NL  Pine-oak woods, ravines, slopes, grassy openings
1,000–2,150 m (3,280–7,050 ft)[42]
Symphyotrichum bimater distribution map: Guatemala; Mexico — Chiapas and Oaxaca.
[42]
S. chihuahuense G.L.Nesom 2018  NL  Grassland, oak-pine woods
1,800–2,500 m (5,910–8,200 ft)[43]
Symphyotrichum chihuahuense distribution map: Chihuahua and Durango (Mexico).
[43]
S. hintonii
S. hintonii: Details of the inflorescence of a specimen of Symphyotrichum hintonii collected in Guerrero, Mexico, on 21 December 1937.
 (G.L.Nesom)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster hintonii 1989  NL  Oak and oak-pine woods
1,400–2,200 m (4,590–7,220 ft)[44]
Symphyotrichum hintonii distribution map: Mexico — Guerrero.
[44]
S. moranense
S. moranense: Photo of a flower head of Symphyotrichum moranense taken 18 December 2020 at Acuitzio, Michoacán, México.
 (Kunth)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster moranensis 1818  NL  Grassland, woodlands
1,000–2,750 m (3,280–9,020 ft)[45]
Symphyotrichum moranense distribution map: Mexico — Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, and Zacatecas.
[45]
S. purpurascens (Sch.Bip.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster purpurascens 1854  NL  Open woods
1,500–2,850 m (4,920–9,350 ft)[46]
Symphyotrichum purpurascens distribution map: Guatemala — Huehuetenango Department; Mexico — Chiapas, Distrito Federal, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, México, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, and Tlaxcala.
[43]
S. trilineatum
S. trilineatum: White flower head from an image of Symphyotrichum trilineatum taken on 19 September 2020 at San Luis de la Paz, Guanajuato, Mexico
 (Sch.Bip. ex Klatt)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster trilineatus 1884  NL  Mountains (sierra)[47]
975–2,840 m (3,200–9,320 ft)[48]
Symphyotrichum trilineatum distribution map: Guatemala — Huehuetenango Department and Totonicapán Department; Mexico — Chiapas, Chihuahua, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, and Veracruz.
[48][17]
S. turneri
S. turneri: Detail of an image of a specimen of Symphyotrichum turneri (at that time Aster moranensis var. turneri) collected on 5 October 1985 at Súchil, Durango, Mexico.
 (S.D.Sundb. & A.G.Jones)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster moranensis var. turneri 1986  NL  Woods, along waterways, and in wet pastures
2,050–2,750 m (6,730–9,020 ft)[44]
Symphyotrichum turneri distribution map: Mexico — Durango.
[44]
Subsection Grandiflori
Subsection Grandiflori (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[7] – eight species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s)
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[17]
S. campestre
S. campestre: Photo of a flower head of Symphyotrichum campestre taken 29 July 2019 at Easley Hot Springs, Idaho, US		 (Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster campestris 1840 Western meadow aster  G5  Dry habitats, rocky and sandy soils near ponds and streams
1,500–2,500 m (4,920–8,200 ft)
Symphyotrichum campestre distribution map: Canada — Alberta and British Columbia; US — California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming
S. estesii
S. estesii: Photo of a cropped inflorescense 8 October 2014 at Coffee County, Tennessee, US		 Semple[49] 2019[49]
  • May Prairie aster
  • Estes's aster[50]
  G1  Hydroxeric soils in open, sunny, flat prairies
Approx. 330 m (1,070 ft)[lower-alpha 2][51]		 May Prairie State
Natural Area
Coffee County,
Tennessee (US)[50]
Map of the US state of Tennessee with Coffee County shaded in light green and the approximate location of May Prairie State Natural Area shaded in darker green
S. fendleri
S. fendleri: Photo of a flower head of Symphyotrichum fendleri taken 15 September 2020 at Gove, Kansas, US
 (A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster fendleri 1849 Fendler's aster  G4  Open, sandy, silty, shaly, often rocky soils and similar
600–2,000 m (1,970–6,560 ft)
Symphyotrichum fendleri distribution map: US — Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas
S. fontinale
S. fontinale: Photo of two flower heads of Symphyotrichum fontinale taken in southern Florida on 29 November 2019
 (Alexander)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster fontinalis 1933 Florida water aster  G3  Marshes, sandhills, hammocks, flood plains, streams
0–50 m (0–160 ft)
Map of Georgia and Florida with county boundaries and distribution of Symphyotrichum fontinale shaded in green: Georgia counties — Grady; Florida counties — Alachua, Citrus, Collier, Dixie, Lee, Liberty, Marion, Miami-Dade, Monroe, Pasco, and Taylor
[52][53][54]
S. grandiflorum
S. grandiflorum: Photo of Symphyotrichum grandiflorum taken 28 October 2020 near Fayetteville, North Carolina, US
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster grandiflorus 1753 Large-flowered aster  G4  Sandy soils and hills, thickets, roadsides
0–200 m (0–660 ft) and higher
Symphyotrichum grandiflorum distribution map: North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia (US)
S. oblongifolium
S. oblongifolius: Photo of many flower heads of Symphyotrichum oblongifolium taken on 18 September 2017 in Iowa County, Wisconsin, US
 (Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster oblongifolius 1818
  • Aromatic aster
  • Oblong-leaved aster
  G5  Open and dry, rocky or sandy soils
100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium distribution map: Mexico — Coahuila; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming
[19]
S. pygmaeum
S. pygmaeum: Flower head close-up cropped from a Symphyotrichum pygmaeum observation on Victoria Island, Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada, from 30 July 2022
 (Lindl.)
Brouillet & Selliah		 Aster pygmaeus 1834 Pygmy aster  G4  Sandy or silty wet areas, gravelly tundra, tundra slopes
0–200 m (0–660 ft)
Symphyotrichum pygmaeum distribution map: areas of Alaska, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut
[55]
S. yukonense
S. yukonense: Flower head close-up cropped from a Symphyotrichum yukonense specimen collected 11 July 1970 from Kayak shale, about 13 miles due west of Sam Lake, Yukon, Canada, at 2001 feet elevation; stored at New York Botanical Garden
 (Cronquist)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster yukonensis 1945 Yukon aster  G3  Mud flats, rocky or silty lakeshores
300–1,500 m (980–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum yukonense distribution map: areas of Alaska, Yukon, and Northwest Territories
[56]

Section Polyliguli
Section Polyliguli (Semple & Brouillet) Semple[8] – one species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s)
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[19]
S. novae-angliae
S. novae-angliae: Photo of several flower heads of Symphyotrichum novae-angliae taken 20 September 2020 at Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster novae-angliae 1753 New England aster  G5  Open, typically moist habitats
0–1,600 m (0–5,250 ft)
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae range map: Native distribution in green: Canada — Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Québec; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Introduced North American distribution in blue: US — Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

Section Concolores
Section Concolores (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[12] – five species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[17]
S. concolor
S. concolor: Photo of flower head of Symphyotrichum concolor taken 24 October 2011 in Montgomery County, North Carolina, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster concolor 1753 Eastern silver aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. c. var. concolor
  • S. c. var. devestitum
 G5  Scrub, flatwoods, fields, roadsides
0–600 m (0–1,970 ft)[38]
Symphyotrichum concolor distribution map: Bahamas and US (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia).
S. lucayanum
S. lucayanum: Close-up of an inflorescence from a specimen collected 8 November 1973 west of Freeport, West Grand Bahama, Bahamas.
 (Britton)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster lucayanus 1906 Pineland aster[57]  NL  Pine woodlands and wetland edges[57]
0–12 m (0–40 ft)[lower-alpha 3]		 Endemic to the island of Grand Bahama[57]
Symphyotrichum lucayanum distribution map: endemic to the island of Grand Bahama.
S. plumosum
S. plumosum: Photo of a close-up of a flower head of Symphyotrichum plumosum taken 24 August 2021 in Florida, US.
 (Small)
Semple		 Aster plumosus 1924  G2  Deep, sandy soils, pine flatwoods, pine-scrub oak woods
0–40 m (0–130 ft)
Map of Florida showing county borders with green shading on counties representing the distribution of Symphyotrichum plumosum: Central Florida Panhandle — counties of Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, and Wakulla.
[20]
S. pratense
S. pratense: Photo of a flower head of Symphyotrichum pratense taken on 4 October 2013 in western Alabama, US.
 (Raf.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster pratensis 1817 Barrens silky aster  G4  Prairies and fields, woodland and scrub, roadsides
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum pratense distribution map: US — Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
S. sericeum
S. sericeum: Close-up photo of a small inflorescence of Symphyotrichum sericeum taken 29 August 2017 in central Wisconsin, US.
 (Vent.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster sericeus 1800 Western silvery aster  G5  Many open habitats
100–500 m (330–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum sericeum distribution map: Canada — Manitoba and Ontario; US — Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin.

Subgenus Virgulus named hybrids
Subgenus Virgulus named hybrids – three
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) Parents Habitat Distribution
[17]
S. × amethystinum
S. × amethystinum: Photo of inflorescence of Symphyotrichum × amethystinum taken 27 September 2020 in London, Ontario, Canada.
 (Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster amethystinus 1840 Amethyst aster[58] S. ericoides ×
S. novae-angliae[59]		 Prairies or fields, disturbed ground, near parent plants
200–400 m (660–1,310 ft)[58]
Symphyotrichum × amethystinum recorded occurrences: Canada — Ontario; US — Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin.
S. × batesii (Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster batesii 1931 S. ericoides ×
S. oblongifolium[60]
Symphyotrichum × batesii recorded occurrences map: Nebraska.
S. × columbianum (Piper)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster columbianus 1913 S. campestre ×
S. ericoides[61]
Symphyotrichum × columbianum recorded occurrences map: Oregon and Washington.

Subgenus Ascendentes

This subgenus contains two allopolyploid species derived from the historic hybridization of plants from the subgenera Symphyotrichum and Virgulus.[62]

Subgenus Ascendentes (Rydb.) Semple[8] – two species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s)
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat Distribution
S. ascendens
S. ascendens: Symphyotrichum ascendens inflorescence, 12 September 2018, Cache National Forest, Deweyville, Utah.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster ascendens 1834
  • Long-leaved aster
  • Intermountain aster
  • Western aster
  G5  Grasslands, sagebrush steppe, meadows
500–3,200 m (1,640–10,500 ft)[19]
Symphyotrichum ascendens distribution map: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan; Canada — Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
[17]
S. defoliatum
S. defoliatum: San Bernardino aster, 16 October 2016, San Diego County, California.
 (Parish)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster defoliatus 1904 San Bernardino aster  G2  Seeps, marshes, swamps, meadows, montane forests, coastal scrubs[63]
0–2,050 m (0–6,730 ft)[64]
Topographical map of California with the range of Symphyotrichum defoliatum outlined in red: San Gabriel Mountains, San Bernardino Mountains, and Peninsular Ranges.
[64]

Section Conyzopsis

The three species in section Conyzopsis have reduced or absent ray florets.[65]

Section Conyzopsis (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[14] – three species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s)
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[19]
S. ciliatum
S. ciliatum: Photo of inflorescence of Symphyotrichum ciliatum taken 5 September 2015 in the Farmington Bay area, Utah, US.
 (Ledeb.)
G.L.Nesom		 Erigeron ciliatus 1829
  • Rayless annual aster
  • Rayless alkali aster
  G5  Moist prairies, steppes, salty areas (natural or manmade)
0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft)
Symphyotrichum ciliatum native distribution map: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon; China — China North-Central, China Southeast, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Manchuria, and Xinjiang; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia; Russia — Altai Republic, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin, Tuva, Western Siberia, and Zabaykalsky Krai; Tadzhikistan; US — Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming; Uzbekistan.
[17]
S. frondosum
S. frondosum: Photo of an inflorescence of Symphyotrichum frondosum taken 27 August 2016 at Big Bear Lake, California, US.
 (Nutt.)
G.L.Nesom		 Tripolium frondosum 1840 Short-rayed alkali aster  G4  Wet meadows, marshes, saline conditions
10–2,200 m (30–7,220 ft)
Symphyotrichum frondosum distribution map: Canada — British Columbia; Mexico — Baja California; US — Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
S. laurentianum
S. laurentianum: Photo of inflorescence taken 10 September 2007 in the Magdalen Islands, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Québec, Canada.
 (Fernald)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster laurentianus 1914 Gulf of St. Lawrence aster  G1  Brackish or salty marshes, shores, and dunes
Sea level (0 m (0 ft))
Symphyotrichum laurentianum distribution map: Canada — New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Québec on the south shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Section Occidentales
Section Occidentales (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom[14] – eleven species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[17]
S. chilense
S. chilense: taken at Regional Parks Botanic Garden located in Tilden Regional Park near Berkeley, California, US, on 26 September 2016.
 (Nees)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster chilensis 1832
  • Pacific aster
  • Common California aster
  G5  Coastal salt marshes, dunes and banks, grasslands, coniferous forests
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum chilense distribution map: Canada — British Columbia; US — Washington, Oregon, and California including the Channel Islands.
[19][66]
S. eatonii
S. eatonii: Inflorescence of Symphyotrichum eatonii taken in the Red Butte area near Salt Lake City, Utah, US, on 15 September 2014.
 (A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster foliaceus var. eatonii 1884 Eaton's aster  G5  Sunny wetlands
500–3,100 m (1,640–10,170 ft)
Symphyotrichum eatonii distribution map: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan; US — Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
S. foliaceum
S. foliaceum: Inflorescences of Symphyotrichum foliaceum taken 7 August 2008 in British Columbia, Canada.
 (Lindl. ex DC.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster foliaceus 1836
  • Alpine leafybract aster
  • Leafy aster
  • Leafy-bracted aster

Five varieties[17]
  • S. f. var. foliaceum
  • S. f. var. apricum
  • S. f. var. canbyi
  • S. f. var. cusickii (Cusick's aster)[lower-alpha 4][67]
  • S. f. var. parryi
 G5  Meadows, open areas in woods, slopes, grasslands
1,000–3,600 m (3,280–11,810 ft)[38][67]
Symphyotrichum foliaceum distribution map: Canada — Alberta and British Columbia; US — Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
S. greatae
S. greatae: Close-up of the inflorescence of a Symphyotrichum greatae herbarium specimen collected 13 October 1970, Los Angeles County, California, US.
 (Parish)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster greatae 1902 Greata's aster[68]  G2  Damp places in canyons of the south slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains of California
300–2,000 m (980–6,560 ft)[68]
Symphyotrichum greatae distribution map: on south slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains in California.
[68]
S. hallii
S. hallii: \ taken 31 August 2018, Eugene, Oregon, US.
 (A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster hallii 1872 Hall's aster  G4  Grasslands and meadows with summer dryness
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum hallii distribution map: Oregon and Washington — Puget Sound region, Willamette Valley, outliers in Columbia Gorge and central Washington. County distribution: Oregon — Benton, Clackamas, Douglas, Hood River, Josephine, Lane, Linn, Marion, Multnomah, Polk, and Wasco; Washington — Clark, King, Okanogan, and Skagit.
[69][19]
S. hendersonii
S. hendersonii: Isotype of Aster hendersonii stored at the Harvard University Herbarium. Collected 5 August 1894 at the Saint Maries River, Kootenai County, Idaho.
 (Fernald)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster hendersonii 1895 Henderson's aster  G4  Meadows, forest openings, banks
1,000–1,500 m (3,280–4,920 ft) and higher
Symphyotrichum hendersonii distribution map: US — California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington.
[19]
S. jessicae
S. jessicae specimen collected Nez Perce County, Idaho, 2 September 2004. Stored at the New York Botanical Garden Steere Herbarium.
 (Piper)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster jessicae 1898 Jessica's aster  G2  Dry grasslands, meadows, banks, woodland openings
500–1,200 m (1,640–3,940 ft)
Symphyotrichum jessicae distribution map: Palouse River and Clearwater River (Idaho) drainages; Idaho counties — Clearwater, Idaho, Latah, Lewis, and Nez Perce; Washington counties — Columbia, Walla Walla, and Whitman.
[19][70]
S. lentum
S. lentum photo taken 17 September 2015, Regional Parks Botanic Garden located in Tilden Regional Park near Berkeley, California, US.
 (Greene)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster lentus 1894 Suisun marsh aster  G2  Freshwater marshes and swamps[71]
0–300 m (0–980 ft)[72]
Symphyotrichum lentum distribution map: California counties of Contra Costa, Napa, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Solano, and Yolo.
[71]
S. molle
S. molle: Two flower heads of Symphyotrichum molle
 (Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster mollis 1901 Soft aster  G3  Dry montane meadows
2,000–3,000 m (6,560–9,840 ft)
Symphyotrichum molle distribution map: Bighorn Mountains of Montana and Wyoming outlined in white.
[73][19]
S. spathulatum
S. spathulatum flower heads photographed 29 July 2016, Mono County, California, US.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster spathulatus 1834 Western mountain aster

Three varieties[74]
  • S. s. var. spathulatum
  • S. s. var. intermedium
  • S. s. var. yosemitanum (western bog aster)
 G5  Montane meadows, open woodlands
100–2,900 m (330–9,510 ft)[74]
Symphyotrichum spathulatum distribution map: Canada — Alberta and British Columbia; Mexico — Baja California; US — California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
S. subspicatum
S. subspicatum photograph taken 1 August 2016, Mount Waddington, British Columbia, Canada.
 (Nees)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster subspicatus 1832 Douglas's aster  G5  Disturbed and weedy open areas, marshes, thickets
0–1,000 m (0–3,280 ft)
Symphyotrichum subspicatum distribution map: Canada — Alberta and British Columbia; US — Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington.

Section Turbinelli
Section Turbinelli (Rydb.) Semple[8] – one species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s)
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[19]
S. turbinellum
S. turbinellum photographed 12 October 2019, Franklin, Missouri, US.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster turbinellus 1835 Prairie aster  G4  Generally dry, acidic soils
60–900 m (200–2,950 ft)
Symphyotrichum turbinellum distribution map: US — Primarily the Ozarks of Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, and Oklahoma.
Subsection Dumosi
Subsection Dumosi (Torr. & A.Gray) G.L.Nesom[9] – seventeen species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[17]
S. boreale
S. boreale: 18 September 2018, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
 (Torr. & A.Gray)
Á.Löve & D.Löve		 Aster laxifolius var. borealis 1841
  • Rush aster
  • Slender white aster
  • Northern bog aster
  G5  Calcareous areas, wetland areas
0–1,500 m (0–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum boreale native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon; US — Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming
S. bullatum
S. bullatum photograph
 (Klatt)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster bullatus 1894  NL  Wet ledges[75]
37–1,750 m (120–5,740 ft)[76]
Symphyotrichum bullatum distribution map: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico (excluding northwest Mexico)
S. burgessii
S. burgessii: Aster burgessii isotype US 00145593, collected 4 March 1911 from Greater Antilles, Guane, Pinar del Río, Cuba
 (Britton)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster burgessii 1914  NL  Rocky river banks[77]
Symphyotrichum burgessii distribution map: western provinces of Cuba with 2011 names — Artemisa, Cienfuegos, La Habana, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Río, Sancti Spíritus, and Villa Clara
[78][17]
S. carnerosanum
S. carnerosanum photographed 13 June 2021 at Arteaga, Coahuila, México.
 (S.Watson)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster carnerosanus 1891  NL  495–2,850 m (1,620–9,350 ft)[79]
Symphyotrichum carnerosanum distribution map: Mexican states — Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas.
S. dumosum
S. dumosum photographed 13 October 2020, Polkton, North Carolina, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster dumosus 1753 Bushy aster  G5  Wetlands, muddy or mucky areas, sand, woods
0–700 m (0–2,300 ft)
Symphyotrichum dumosum distribution map: Canada — New Brunswick and Ontario; Dominican Republic; Haiti; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. eulae
S. eulae: Inflorescence close-up from a Symphyotrichum eulae specimen collected 5 November 1981 at Brazos County, Texas, US.
 (Shinners)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster eulae 1950 Eula's aster  G4  Part shade, soils with clay or silt, bottom areas or stream banks
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
refer to caption and footnote for caption
Endemic to Texas
[80][81][lower-alpha 5]
S. lanceolatum
S. lanceolatum photographed 30 September 2020, Indiana, US.
 (Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster lanceolatus 1803
  • Lance-leaved aster
  • Panicled aster
  • White panicled aster

Five varieties[83]
  • S. l. var. lanceolatum
  • S. l. var. hesperium
  • S. l. var. hirsuticaule
  • S. l. var. interior
  • S. l. var. latifolium
 G5  Stream banks, thickets, borders, ditches, meadows, mucky soils (depending on variety)
10–2,700 m (30–8,860 ft)[83]
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum distribution map Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, and Saskatchewan; Mexico — Baja California, Chihuahua, and Sonora; US — Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
[17][84]
S. lateriflorum
S. lateriflorum photographed 25 September 2012, Campbell County, Tennessee, US.
 (L.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve		 Solidago lateriflora 1753
  • Calico aster
  • White woodland aster
  • Side-flowering aster
  G5  Mostly shade, dry to humid soils, woodland edges
0–400 m (0–1,310 ft)
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum distribution map: Canada — Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Québec; Mexico — Veracruz; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. leone
S. leone: Aster leonis holotype collected 7 December 1915 from marshes west of Batabanó, Cuba.
 (Britton)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster leonis 1920  NL  Marshes[85]
Symphyotrichum leone distribution map: Cuba.
S. nahanniense
S. nahanniense photographed 16 August 2012 at Nahanni National Park Reserve, Northwest Territories, Canada.
 (Cody)
Semple		 Aster nahanniensis 1974 Nahanni aster  G3  Stream banks near hot mineral springs
About 1,000 m (3,280 ft)		 Nahanni National
Park Reserve
Northwest Territories
(Canada)[86][19]
Symphyotrichum nahanniense general range: Symphyotrichum nahanniense has been found at seven hot springs locations within the Nahanni National Park Reserve in Northwest Territories, Canada. The general location of those hot springs is outlined in green on this map.
S. ontarionis
S. ontarionis photographed 21 September 2017, Green Lake County, Wisconsin, US.
 (Wiegand)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster ontarionis 1928
  • Ontario aster
  • Bottomland aster

Two varieties[17]
  • S. o. var. ontarionis
  • S. o. var. glabratum
 G5  Moist soils or shores, other wetlands, field edges
10–300 m (30–980 ft)[38]
Symphyotrichum ontarionis distribution map: Canada — Ontario and Québec; US — Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, and Wisconsin.
S. praealtum
S. praealtum photographed 20 October 2018, southwest Mississippi, US.
 (Poir.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster praealtus 1811
  • Willowleaf aster
  • Willow aster
  G5  Usually moist and wet areas
0–400 m (0–1,310 ft)
Symphyotrichum praealtum distribution map: Canada — Ontario; Mexico — Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo León; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
[19]
S. racemosum
S. racemosum photographed 14 October 2020, Mississippi, US
 (Elliott)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster racemosus 1823
  • Small white aster
  • Smooth white oldfield aster
  G4  Moist to wet, often brackish, soils
0–200 m (0–660 ft)
Symphyotrichum racemosum distribution map: Canada (introduced) – Ontario and New Brunswick; US (native) — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.
[19]
S. schaffneri
S. schaffneri photo
 (S.D.Sundb. & A.G.Jones)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster schaffneri 1986  NL  Disturbed oak forests, secondary vegetation areas, mountain mesophilic forests, rich black or brown soils[87]
120–2,500 m (390–8,200 ft)[88]
Symphyotrichum schaffneri distribution map: Mexico — Puebla and Veracruz.
[89]
S. simmondsii
S. simmonsii photographed 18 December 2020, near Miromar Lakes, Florida, US.
 (Small)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster simmondsii 1913 Simmonds' aster  G4  Moist to dry soils
0–50 m (0–160 ft)
Symphyotrichum simmondsii distribution map: US — Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
[90]
S. tradescantii
S. tradescantii photographed 23 August 2020, Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, Canada.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster tradescantii 1753
  • Tradescant's aster
  • Shore aster
  G4  Shores, streams, freshwater estuaries
0–200 m (0–660 ft)
Symphyotrichum tradescantii distribution map: Canada — New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Québec; US — Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
S. welshii
S. welshii photographed 4 October 2018, southwestern Utah, US.
 (Cronquist)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster welshii 1994 Welsh's aster  G2  Wet soils in dry areas
1,300–2,300 m (4,270–7,550 ft)
Symphyotrichum welshii distribution map: US — Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming.
Subsection Heterophylli

Subsection Heterophylli (Nees) Semple[8]

Series Concinni
Series Concinni (Nees) Semple[8] – two species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
S. laeve
S. laeve photographed 6 September 2020, MacGregor Point Provincial Park, Saugeen Shores, Ontario, Canada.
 (L.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve		 Aster laevis 1753 Smooth aster

Four varieties[91]
  • S. l. var. laeve
  • S. l. var. concinnum
  • S. l. var. geyeri (Geyer’s aster)
  • S. l. var. purpuratum
 G5  Open and dry habitats
0–2,400 m (0–7,870 ft)
Symphyotrichum laeve distribution map: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Yukon (introduced in New Brunswick and Québec); Mexico — Coahuila; US — Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
[17][92][93]
S. oolentangiense
S. oolentangiense photographed 29 August 2017, Marquette County, Wisconsin, US.
 (Riddell)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster oolentangiensis 1835
  • Azure aster
  • Skyblue aster
  G5  Dry or dry to wet habitats
50–500 m (160–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense distribution map: Canada — Ontario; Mexico — Coahuila; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin.
[17][19]
Series Cordifolii
Series Cordifolii (G.Don in Loudon) Semple[8] – seven species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[17]
S. anomalum
S. anomalum photographed 2 September 2018, Benton County, Arkansas, US.
 (Engelm.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster anomalus 1843 Manyray aster  G4  Dry soils over limestone, acid soils
50–500 m (160–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum anomalum distribution map: US — Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma.
[19]
S. ciliolatum
S. ciliolatum photographed 3 August 2019, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada.
 (Lindl.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve		 Aster ciliolatus 1836
  • Lindley's aster
  • Fringed blue aster
  G5  Rich, open deciduous forests, trails, stream banks
0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft)
Symphyotrichum ciliolatum distribution map: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon; US — Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
S. cordifolium
S. cordifolium photographed 13 October 2012, Baltimore Woods Nature Center, Marcellus, New York, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster cordifolius 1753
  • Heartleaf aster
  • Common blue wood aster
  G5  Mostly rich, moist soils and woods
0–1,200 m (0–3,940 ft)
Symphyotrichum cordifolium distribution map: Canada — Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Québec; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. drummondii
S. drummondii photographed 21 September 2019, Carol Stream, Illinois, US.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster drummondii 1835 Drummond's aster

Two varieties[94]
  • S. d. var. drummondii
  • S. d. var. texanum (Texas aster)
 G5  Old fields, woodlands, savannas depending on variety[95]
0–500 m (0–1,640 ft)[94]
Symphyotrichum drummondii distribution map: Mexico — Coahuila; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
[17][38]
S. shortii
S. shortii, 1 October 2017, at edge of forested limestone bluffs, on the West Fork of the Red River at the Clarksville Greenway, Montgomery County, Tennessee, US.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster shortii 1834 Short's aster  G5  Thin rocky soils of woodlands and thickets often around limestone bluffs
100–500 m (330–1,640 ft)
Symphyotrichum shortii native distribution: Canada — Ontario; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. undulatum
S. undulatum photographed 1 October 2018, Archbald Pothole State Park, Archbald, Pennsylvania, US.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster undulatus 1753 Wavyleaf aster  G5  Dry or well-drained loamy or rocky soils
200–1,500 m (660–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum undulatum native distribution: Canada — Nova Scotia and Ontario; US — Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.
S. urophyllum
S. urophyllum photographed 29 August 2017, Port McNicoll, Ontario, Canada.
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster urophyllus 1836
  • White arrowleaf aster
  • Arrowleaf aster
  G4  Open, dry to mesic habitats
40–300 m (130–980 ft) and higher
Symphyotrichum urophyllum native distribution: Canada — Ontario; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
Subsection Porteriani
Subsection Porteriani (Rydb.) G.L.Nesom[16] – five species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[17]
S. depauperatum
S. depauperatum photographed 13 September 2009 at the serpentine grassland demonstration area in Nottingham County Park, Nottingham, Pennsylvania, US.
 (Fernald)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster depauperatus 1908
  • Serpentine aster
  • Starved aster
  G2  Serpentine or diabasic soils
400–1,000 m (1,310–3,280 ft)
Symphyotrichum depauperatum distribution map: US — Maryland (Baltimore and Cecil Counties); North Carolina (Granville County); and, Pennsylvania (Chester, Delaware, and Lancaster Counties).
[96][20][17]
S. kentuckiense
S. kentuckiense photographed September 2022 in Hamilton County, Tennessee, US
 (Britton)
Medley[97]		 Aster kentuckiensis 1901
 G4 
[100]		 Limestone cedar glades and limestone roadsides[101]
Symphyotrichum kentuckiense recorded occurrences: US — Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee
[102][101]
S. parviceps
S. parviceps flower head
 (E.S.Burgess)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster ericoides var. parviceps 1898
  • Smallhead aster
  • Small white aster
  G4  Dry, sandy, or loamy soils; barrens, fields, roadsides, old cemeteries
200–400 m (660–1,310 ft)
Symphyotrichum parviceps native distribution: US — Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma
S. pilosum
S. pilosum: Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum photographed 29 September 2020, Indiana, US
 (Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster pilosus 1803
  • Hairy aster
  • Frost aster
  • Hairy white oldfield aster

Two varieties[103]
  • S. p. var. pilosum
  • S. p. var. pringlei (Pringle's aster)
 G5  Various and many, depending on variety
0–1,100 m (0–3,610 ft)
Symphyotrichum pilosum native distribution: Canada — Ontario and Québec; US — Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
[103]
S. porteri
S. porteri photograph, Lyons, Colorado
 (A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster porteri 1881
  • Porter's aster
  • Smooth white aster
  G3  Rocky Mountain foothills
1,800–2,900 m (5,910–9,510 ft)
Symphyotrichum porteri native distribution: US — Colorado counties: Boulder, Douglas, El Paso, Gilpin, Jefferson, Larimer, Las Animas, and Teller; New Mexico counties: Harding and San Miguel; Wyoming counties: Albany, Carbon, and Laramie.
[104][19]
Series Punicei
Series Punicei (House) Semple[8] – five species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[17]
S. elliottii
S. elliottii photographed 13 November 2020, Florida, US.
 (Torr. & A.Gray)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster elliottii 1841 Elliott's aster  G4  Swamps, bogs, marshes, brackish marshes
0–50 m (0–160 ft)
Symphyotrichum elliottii native distribution by state: US Atlantic Coastal Plain — Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.
[19]
S. firmum
S. firmum photographed 26 September 2019, Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada.
 (Nees)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster firmus 1818 Glossy-leaved aster  G5  Wet soils, fens, marshes
100–400 m (330–1,310 ft)
Symphyotrichum firmum native distribution: Canada — Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan; US — Georgia, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York.
S. prenanthoides
S. prenanthoides photographed 10 October 2020, Middlesex, Ontario, Canada.
 (Muhl. ex Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster prenanthoides 1803 Crookedstem aster  G4  Mostly wetlands such as swamps and seeps
100–1,500 m (330–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides native distribution: Canada — Ontario; US — Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. puniceum
S. puniceum photographed 21 September 2016, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, US.
 (L.)
Á.Löve & D.Löve		 Aster puniceus 1753
  • Purplestem aster
  • Red-stemmed aster
  • Swamp aster

Two varieties[105]
  • S. p. var. puniceum
  • S. p. var. scabricaule (roughstem aster)
 G5  Wetlands
0–2,000 m (0–6,560 ft)[105]
Symphyotrichum puniceum native distribution: Canada — Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, and Saskatchewan; US — Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
S. rhiannon
S. rhiannon, September 2022, North Carolina, US.
 Weakley & Govus 2004
  • Rhiannon's aster
  • Buck Creek aster[20]
  G1  Serpentine barrens
900–1,300 m (2,950–4,270 ft)		 Buck Creek
Serpentine Barrens,[106]
Clay County,
North Carolina (US)[107]
Symphyotrichum rhiannon native distribution map. Species is endemic to the Buck Creek Serpentine Barrens in Clay County, North Carolina. Map source: USDA, NRCS PLANTS Database with additional information from Kauffman, G.L.; Nesom, G.L.; Weakley, A.S.; Govus, T.E.; Cotterman, L.M. (2004). "A new species of Symphyotrichum (Asteraceae: Astereae) from a serpentine barren in western North Carolina". SIDA, Contributions to Botany. 21: 827–839. ISSN 0036-1488. Retrieved 8 September 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Series Symphyotrichum
Series Symphyotrichum – four species
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) and varieties
[19]		 NS
[20]		 Habitat
[19]		 Distribution
[17]
S. anticostense
S. anticostense photograph
 (Fernald)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster anticostensis 1915 Anticosti aster  G3  Calcareous river shores, limestone lake shores
0–100 m (0–330 ft)
Symphyotrichum anticostense native distribution: Canada — New Brunswick and Québec; US — Maine.
[19]
S. novi-belgii
S. novi-belgii photographed 28 August 2019 at Paroisse de Grand Manan, New Brunswick, Canada.
 (L.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster novi-belgii 1753 New York aster

Four varieties[17]
  • S. n. var. novi-belgii
  • S. n. var. crenifolium
  • S. n. var. elodes
  • S. n. var. villicaule
 G5  Mostly sea or stream shores, thickets, dunes, barrens (depending on variety)
0–800 m (0–2,620 ft)[38]
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii native distribution: Canada — Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Québec; US — Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.
S. retroflexum
S. retroflexum, Macon County, North Carolina
 (Lindl.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster retroflexus 1836 Rigid whitetop aster  G4  Moist or dry wooded areas, moist meadows
400–1,500 m (1,310–4,920 ft)
Symphyotrichum retroflexum native distribution: US — Blue Ridge Mountains of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Source: USDA, NRCS PLANTS Database with added information from John C. Semple's Astereae Lab.
[108][109]
S. robynsianum
S. robynsianum photographed 24 August 2019, Longridge Point, Cochrane district, Ontario, Canada.
 (J.Rousseau) Brouillet & Labrecque Aster robynsianus 1957 Robyn's aster  G5  Moist, open, sandy, gravelly, or rocky habitats
10–400 m (30–1,310 ft)
Symphyotrichum robynsianum native distribution: Canada — Manitoba, Ontario, and Québec; US — Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

Subgenus Symphyotrichum named hybrids
Subgenus Symphyotrichum named hybrids – ten
Scientific name
and picture		 Author citation
[17]		 Basionym
[18]		 Year
[18]		 Common name(s) Parents Habitat Distribution
[17]
S. × finkii (Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster finkii 1931 S. cordifolium × S. shortii[110] Wooded bluffs and fencerows[111]
Symphyotrichum × finkii recorded occurrences: The locations are from the USDA PLANTS Database with added county information from two sources. Iowa — Fayette County; West Virginia — no county information; Wisconsin — Eau Claire, Grant, and Waupaca Counties.
[lower-alpha 6][110]
S. × gravesii
S. × gravesii: Aster gravesii (Symphyotrichum x gravesii) specimen collected 2 October 1902, Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York, US.
 (E.S.Burgess)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster gravesii 1901 Graves' aster[113] S. dumosum × S. laeve[114] Dry woods[113]
Symphyotrichum × gravesii recorded occurrences: Connecticut.
S. × longulum
S. × longulum: Aster longulus specimen collected July 1892, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, US.
 (E.Sheld.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster longulus 1894 S. boreale × S. puniceum[115] Swampy and marshy areas[116]
Symphyotrichum × longulum recorded occurrences: Canada — Saskatchewan; US — Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, and Wisconsin.
S. × priceae (Britton)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster priceae 1901 S. kentuckiense × S. pilosum[117] Kentucky[117]
S. × salignum
S. × salignum inflorescence photographed 8 September 2016, Finland
 (Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster salignus 1803 S. lanceolatum var. lanceolatum × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[118]
Symphyotrichum × salignum recorded occurrences: US — Wisconsin. There is also an extensive presence of this hybrid in Europe and western Asia in the following countries: Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Yugoslavia.
[lower-alpha 7]
S. × schistosum
S. × schistosum: Aster schistosus specimen detail, collected 15 September 1907 in the vicinity of Millboro, Bath County, in the Allegheny Mountains, Virginia, US.
 (E.S.Steele)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster schistosus 1911 S. cordifolium × S. laeve[119] Shale gravel, dry hills[120]
Symphyotrichum × schistosum recorded occurrences: US — Virginia.
S. × subgeminatum
S. × subgeminatum specimen collected 4 September 1895, Mount Desert Island, Hancock County, Maine, US.
 (Fernald)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster foliaceus var. subgeminatus 1915 S. ciliolatum × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[121]
  • "Damp bushy ravine in the limestone tableland"
  • 200–300 m (660–980 ft)[122]
Map of Symphyotrichum × subgeminatum recorded occurrences: Newfoundland and Québec (Canada).
S. × tardiflorum
S. × tardiflorum specimen collected 7 October 1924, Pittsford, Vermont, US.
 (L.)
Greuter, M.V.Agab. & Wagenitz		 Aster tardiflorus 1763 S. cordifolium × S. puniceum[123] Along streams[124]
Symphyotrichum × tardiflorum recorded occurrences: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Québec (Canada); New York (US).
S. × versicolor
S. × versicolor field specimen collected 15 October 2023, Verviers, Belgium.
 (Willd.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster versicolor 1803 Late Michaelmas daisy[125] S. laeve var. laeve × S. novi-belgii var. novi-belgii[126]
Symphyotrichum × versicolor recorded occurrences by country in Europe in blue, adjusted on map using current boundaries: Austria; Belgium; Czech Republic; France; Germany; Great Britain; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Madeira; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Slovakia; Spain; Switzerland; Ukraine; and Yugoslavia.
S. × woldenii
S. × woldenii: Aster woldenii (Symphyotrichum × woldenii) isotype, Emmet County, Iowa, 6 September 1924.
 (Rydb.)
G.L.Nesom		 Aster woldenii 1931 S. laeve × S. praealtum[127]
Symphyotrichum × woldenii recorded occurrences: Iowa.

Notes
  1. Hybrids do not have their own articles.
  2. Elevation in the May Prairie State Natural Area
  3. Elevation on the island of Grand Bahama
  4. In FNA as Symphyotrichum cusickii[67]
  5. This is a county map of east central Texas showing the range of S. eulae as described by Lloyd Herbert Shinners. Darker green shaded counties were in Shinners' 1950 protologue of Aster eulae. Lighter green shaded counties are within the area covered by Shinners' description. Darker green counties are, alphabetically, as follows: Bexar, Calhoun, Cooke, Dallas, Denton, Hill, Hunt, Kaufman, Navarro, Rockwall, Tarrant, Wise, and Wood.[80] The following counties are shaded lighter green because they are within Shinners' range but are not specifically named by him: Anderson, Austin, Bastrop, Bell, Bosque, Brazos, Burleson, Caldwell, Collin, Colorado, Comal, Coryell, DeWitt, Ellis, Falls, Fayette, Freestone, Goliad, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Hays, Henderson, Hood, Jack, Johnson, Karnes, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Limestone, Madison, McLennan, Milam, Parker, Rains, Robertson, Smith, Somervell, Travis, Van Zandt, Victoria, Waller, and Washington. Williamson, and Wilson.[82] Only McLennan County is green on the S. eulae page in the USDA PLANTS database.[81]
  6. The locations are from the USDA PLANTS Database with added county information from two sources. Iowa[17][110] — Fayette;[112] West Virginia — no county information;[110] Wisconsin — Eau Claire, Grant,[111] and Waupaca.[110]
  7. There is also an extensive presence of Symphyotrichum × salignum in Europe and western Asia in the following countries: Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Krym, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Yugoslavia.[17]

Citations
  1. Morgan & Holland (2012a).
  2. Nesom (2018a), p. 1.
  3. Brouillet et al. (2009), p. 610.
  4. Nesom (1994a), p. 212.
  5. Löve (1982), pp. 358–359.
  6. Nesom (1994b).
  7. Nesom (1994b), p. 273.
  8. Semple, Heard & Brouillet (2002a), p. 133.
  9. Nesom (1994b), p. 269.
  10. Nesom (1994b), p. 272.
  11. Nesom (1994b), p. 274.
  12. Nesom (1994b), p. 275.
  13. Nesom (1994b), p. 267.
  14. Nesom (1994b), p. 271.
  15. Nesom (1994b), p. 268.
  16. Nesom (1994b), p. 270.
  17. POWO (2021), search for species name.
  18. IPNI (2021), search for species name.
  19. Brouillet et al. (2006), search for species name.
  20. NatureServe (2022), search for species name.
  21. USDA (2014c).
  22. USDA (2014q).
  23. Hassler (2021), Symphyotrichum subulatum var. ligulatum.
  24. Sancho & Ariza Espinar (2003), p. 10 as Aster glabrifolius.
  25. Sancho & Ariza Espinar (2003), pp. 9–10 as Aster cabrerae.
  26. Heiden (2020).
  27. USDA (2014q), Symphyotrichum expansum.
  28. Brouillet et al. (2006), search for Symphyotrichum subulatum var. parviflorum.
  29. Hassler (2021), Symphyotrichum parviflorum.
  30. Sancho & Ariza Espinar (2003), pp. 10–11 as Aster patagonicus.
  31. Sancho & Ariza Espinar (2003), p. 11 as Aster peteroanus.
  32. Hassler (2021), Symphyotrichum potosinum.
  33. Sancho & Ariza Espinar (2003), p. 11 as Aster regnellii.
  34. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum subulatum varieties except ligulatum and parviflorum.
  35. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum tenuifolium varieties.
  36. Hind & Strange (2019), p. 390.
  37. Hind & Strange (2019), pp. 387–390.
  38. Brouillet et al. (2006), search for species name and varieties.
  39. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides.
  40. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum falcatum var. commutatum.
  41. USDA (2014a).
  42. Nesom (2018b), p. 6.
  43. Nesom (2018b), p. 5.
  44. Nesom (2018b), p. 3.
  45. Nesom (2018b), p. 2.
  46. Nesom (2018b), pp. 4–5.
  47. Nesom (1989).
  48. GBIF.org (2021b).
  49. Semple (2019a), p. 1.
  50. Semple (2019b).
  51. Semple (2019a), pp. 1, 7, 9.
  52. GBIF.org (2021c).
  53. SERNEC (2021).
  54. Semple (2019c).
  55. Semple (2014a).
  56. Semple (2014b).
  57. Leon Levy Native Plant Preserve (n.d.).
  58. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum × amethystinum.
  59. USDA (2014b).
  60. USDA (2014h).
  61. USDA (2014n).
  62. Semple (n.d.).
  63. CNPS (2021a).
  64. Allen (2012), Symphyotrichum defoliatum.
  65. Brouillet et al. (2006).
  66. Allen (2012), Symphyotrichum chilense.
  67. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum cusickii.
  68. Allen (2012), Symphyotrichum greatae.
  69. USDA (2014d).
  70. USDA (2014o).
  71. CNPS (2021b).
  72. Allen (2012), Symphyotrichum lentum.
  73. Montana Natural Heritage Program (n.d.).
  74. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum spathulatum varieties.
  75. Fernald (1900), as Aster jalapensis.
  76. GBIF.org (2021a).
  77. Britton (1914), pp. 14–15.
  78. GBIF.org (2021e).
  79. GBIF.org (2021d).
  80. Shinners (1950), p. 36,37,38.
  81. USDA (2014r).
  82. Shinners (1950), p. 36: "Common in north central Texas, from Hopkins and Wood west to Cooke and Wise counties; extending south to Bexar and Calhoun counties".
  83. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum lanceolatum varieties.
  84. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. hesperium.
  85. Britton (1920), p. 114.
  86. Parks Canada (2021).
  87. TORCH (2022).
  88. GBIF.org (2022a).
  89. Sundberg & Jones (1986), pp. 175–176.
  90. Semple (2021a).
  91. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum laeve varieties.
  92. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum laeve var. geyeri.
  93. Brouillet et al. (2020).
  94. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum drummondii varieties.
  95. Wilhelm & Rericha (2017), p. 1098.
  96. Gustafson & Latham (2005), p. 1447.
  97. POWO (2022a).
  98. Medley (2021).
  99. Britton (1901).
  100. NatureServe (2022a).
  101. Semple (2021c).
  102. Gianopulos (2014).
  103. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum pilosum varieties.
  104. USDA (2014e).
  105. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum puniceum varieties.
  106. Kauffman et al. (2004).
  107. USDA (2014f).
  108. USDA (2014p).
  109. Semple (2021b).
  110. USDA (2014g).
  111. Shinners (1941), p. 407.
  112. Rydberg (1931), p. 102.
  113. Britton (1901), pp. 961–962.
  114. USDA (2014i).
  115. USDA (2014j).
  116. Sheldon (1894).
  117. POWO (2022b).
  118. Verloove (2014a).
  119. USDA (2014k).
  120. Steele (1911), p. 373.
  121. Brouillet et al. (2006), Symphyotrichum ciliolatum.
  122. Fernald (1915), p. 16.
  123. USDA (2014l).
  124. Gray (1884), p. 194.
  125. GRIN (n.d.).
  126. Verloove (2014b).
  127. USDA (2014m).

References
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