Terrycloth

Terrycloth, terry cloth, terry cotton, terry toweling, terry, terry towel, Turkish toweling (formerly), or simply toweling is a fabric woven with many protruding loops of thread which can absorb large amounts of water. It can be manufactured by weaving or knitting. Terrycloth is woven on special looms that have two beams of longitudinal warp through which the filler or weft is fired laterally.[1][2]

Terrycloth (close-up)
Terrycloth wash mitt

History

Fabrics with a pile formed from loops of loosened, uncut warp threads were woven in ancient Egypt and pre-Columbian Peru; there is linen terrycloth from 4000 BCE. The modern form, however, was introduced to the West in the mid-19th century. The English towel manufacturer English Christy started industrial production in 1850, based on observations of handwoven terrycloth in Turkey. Queen Victoria approved the name "Royal Turkish Towels". In the United States, they became popular after World War I.[3]

The origin of the word is unclear; it may derive from French tiré 'drawn', and was originally used for uncut velvet, called terry pile or terry velvet.[4]

About

There are two types of terry fabrics:

Towel terry
This is a woven fabric with long loops that can absorb large amounts of water. Its content is usually 100% cotton, but may sometimes contain polyester.
French terry
This is a type of fabric used in clothing. Ranging from items such as hoodies, pants and even shirts. The inside of the fabric is crossed with loops, while the outer part is smooth and flat. It can be 100% cotton or be made from a variety of fibers, sometimes with spandex (also known as elastane or lycra). It is often warp-knitted, and the term French terry is colloquially used for all warp-knitted terry.

It is the length of loops that determines how much fluid is absorbed by the cloth as longer loops provide more surface area to absorb and come in contact with the fluid.

Items that may be made from terrycloth include babies' reusable diapers (or "nappies" in British English), towels, bathrobes, bedlinen, and sweatbands for the wrist or head. Terrycloth is also sometimes used to make sweat-jackets. Terry-toweling hats with a shallow brim were once popular with cricketers (like English wicketkeeper Jack Russell), but are no longer in fashion.

A slow method of machine-making French terry results in a soft, sturdy variety called loopwheel. Loopwheel machines can only produce one yard an hour. It was invented in the 1920s and was at the height of its popularity in the forties and fifties, at which point it was overtaken by side-seam manufacturing. Only two factories remain.[5]

An alternative fabric used for towels is waffle fabric. A modern synthetic alternative is microfiber.

References
  1. "How bath towel is made - material, production process, making, history, used, composition, product, industry". Volume 4. How Products Are Made. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  2. Yilmaz, Powell & Durur 2005.
  3. H.H. Smith, "The Unique Aspects of Textile Package Labeling", in Report of the 56th National Conference on Weights and Measures 1971, National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 358 (March 1972), p. 78
  4. Oxford English Dictionary, 1911, updated March 2023 s.v.
  5. "The Rarest Sweatshirts in the World". A Continuous Lean. January 19, 2015.

General sources
  • Yilmaz, Nasire Deniz; Powell, Nancy B.; Durur, Güngör (Summer 2005). "The Technology of Terry Towel Production" (PDF). Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management. UNC Stare. 4 (4): 115–160. ISSN 1533-0915. Archived from the original on 9 September 2006. Retrieved 4 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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