Trupiano v. United States

Trupiano v. United States, 334 U.S. 699 (1948), was a US Supreme Court decision that ruled that warrantless searches following arrests were unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Trupiano v. United States
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued March 9, 1948
Decided June 14, 1948
Full case nameTrupiano v. United States
Docket no.427
Citations334 U.S. 699 (more)
68 S. Ct. 1229; 92 L. Ed. 2d 1663
Court membership
Chief Justice
Fred M. Vinson
Associate Justices
Hugo Black · Stanley F. Reed
Felix Frankfurter · William O. Douglas
Frank Murphy · Robert H. Jackson
Wiley B. Rutledge · Harold H. Burton
Case opinions
MajorityMurphy, joined by Frankfurter, Douglas, Jackson, Rutledge
DissentVinson, joined by Black, Reed, Burton
Laws applied
Fourth Amendment
Overruled by
United States v. Rabinowitz (1950)

The case involved a warrantless raid by law enforcement on an illegal distillery, before which law enforcement had had sufficient time to obtain warrants but had chosen not to. After the raid, evidence was seized. In a majority opinion authored by Justice Frank Murphy, the Court ruled that this seizure had been a violation of the Fourth Amendment:

It is a cardinal rule that, in seizing goods and articles, law enforcement agents must secure and use search warrants whenever reasonably practicable. This rule rests upon the desirability of having magistrates rather than police officers determine when searches and seizures are permissible and what limitations should be placed upon such activities.[1]

Trupiano was overturned only two years later in United States v. Rabinowitz (1950), which allowed law enforcement to search and seize evidence at the site of an arrest.[2]

References
  1. Schott, Richard G. (July 1, 2009). "The Supreme Court Reexamines Search Incident to Lawful Arrest" (pdf). FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. pp. 22–31.
  2. Landynski, Jacob W. (2000), "Search Incident to Arrest", Encyclopedia of the American Constitution
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