Karluk languages

Karluk
Karluk
Qarluq, Southeastern Turkic, Turkestan Turkic
Geographic; distribution	Central Asia
Linguistic classification	Turkic Common Turkic Karluk; ;
Early forms	Middle Turkic Karakhanid Khorezmian Chagatai ; ; ;
Subdivisions	Western Karluk (Uzbek); Eastern Karluk;
Glottolog	uygh1241
	Uzbek Uyghur Ili

The Karluk or Qarluq languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties once spoken by Karluks.[1]

Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.

Classification

Uzbek – spoken by the Uzbeks; approximately 44 million speakers [2]
Uyghur – spoken by the Uyghurs; approximately 8-11 million speakers [3]
Ili Turki – moribund language spoken by Ili Turkis, who are legally recognized as a subgroup of Uzbeks; 120 speakers and decreasing (1980)
Chagatai – extinct language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia and remained the shared literary language there until the early 20th century.
Karakhanid – literary language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate that is considered a standard form of Middle Turkic.
Khorezmian – literary language of the Golden Horde that is considered a preliminary stage of the Chagatai language.

Proto-Turkic	Common Turkic	Karluk	Western	Uzbek
			Eastern	Uyghur Ili Turki Chagatai † Karakhanid † Khorezmian †

Glottolog v4.8 refers to the Karluk languages as "Turkestan Turkic" and classifies them as follows:

Turkestan Turkic

Uyghur–Uzbek

Modern Uyghur–Uzbek

Uighur–Ili

Uzbek

Austin, Peter (2008). One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost. University of California Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-520-25560-9.
Uzbek at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Northern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Southern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
"Uyghur". Ethnologue. Retrieved 7 December 2022.

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