WMYA-TV

On February 29, 1952, Wilton E. Hall, publisher of the Anderson Independent and Daily Mail (since merged as the Anderson Independent-Mail) and owner of radio stations WAIM (1230 AM) and WCAC-FM (101.1 FM, now WROQ), applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for approval to build a new television station in Anderson on channel 58.[2] Another application was filed for channel 58 by the Anderson Television Company, and in August 1953, at Hall's request, the FCC added channel 40 to Anderson.[3] The FCC then granted the construction permit for WAIM-TV on September 30, 1953.[2] The station was quickly built and began broadcasting on December 11, 1953.[2]

Originally an affiliate of CBS, the station's financial viability was nearly immediately jeopardized. Spartanburg radio station WORD held a construction permit for very high frequency (VHF) channel 7 and sought to use it on an interim basis from Paris Mountain, 27 miles (43 km) west of Spartanburg and closer to Anderson than the originally proposed site of Hogback Mountain. The threat of a new VHF station which, unlike the UHF station Hall operated, could reach all homes without sets having to be converted immediately dimmed WAIM-TV's prospects. In February 1954, Hall petitioned the FCC to set aside its earlier grant of temporary authority for WORD-TV, later changed to WSPA-TV, to broadcast from Paris Mountain, having already lost nearly $60,000 in canceled advertising contracts and lost CBS revenue; he feared losing his CBS affiliation altogether.[4] WAIM-TV was one of three stations protesting this relocation of channel 7, along with WGVL (channel 23) in Greenville and the never-built WSCV (channel 17) in Spartanburg; all three protests were denied.[5]

WGVL and WAIM-TV took the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, seeking injunctive relief from the FCC ruling, in the summer of 1954.[6] On January 31, 1955, the appeals court heard arguments by WGVL and WAIM against the WSPA-TV authorization on Paris Mountain, having obtained six months prior a restraining order preventing Spartan from building its transmitter facility until the case was heard (though the studios were near completion and initial preparations had been made on Paris Mountain).[7] While WGVL and WAIM-TV claimed that the FCC should not have granted the application without giving them a hearing, the commission argued that they did not have standing to show injury that would be caused by WSPA-TV going on air and that the procedure the stations sought to use was the improper forum to delay such a grant.[7] Even though the two UHF stations won a hearing at the FCC, the hearing examiner's recommendation would not be favorable to them. Examiner James D. Cunningham recommended the FCC approve the WSPA-TV move to Paris Mountain, saying that the UHF stations "failed to make a satisfactory showing" as to the economic damages they would incur and that, because UHF converters were widely distributed in their broadcast areas, they would not be at a disadvantage.[8] WGVL and WAIM-TV counsel asked for oral argument on the decision, warning that it would be "aggravating the forces now making for unequal competition in the television field and hastening the trend towards complete obliteration of UHF".[9]

The FCC made a final decision in favor of Spartan on March 9, 1956, reaffirming many of the arguments made by the hearing examiner.[10] When the appeals court gave its approval for WSPA-TV, WGVL and WAIM-TV announced their intentions to leave the air.[11] On Sunday, April 29, 1956, WSPA-TV signed on;[12] channel 23 left the air that day,[13] Concurrently, the station also unsuccessfully sought relief in the form of moving channel 7 out of the Upstate and to Knoxville, Tennessee,[14] while Hall engaged with equipment manufacturer Federal Telecommunications Laboratories in a legal dispute; he stopped paying what he owed on a transmitter he claimed was defective, "worthless and useless"[15] because it could not broadcast network color programming in color.[16]

WAIM-TV temporarily suspended operation on May 28,[17] only to return two days later after securing additional programming.[18] In July, it became an affiliate of ABC.[19] In addition to a secondary affiliation with CBS, the station also broadcast South Carolina Educational Television daytime programs for schools for a time in the 1960s.[20] While WAIM-TV's ABC affiliation agreement allowed it to carry any network program not aired by WLOS in Asheville, which was not receivable in the Anderson area, WLOS permitted the station to rebroadcast all ABC programs it aired.[21] The station aired a limited schedule and sold very little local advertising.[22]

In 1977, Hall announced the sale of his broadcasting properties to Frank L. Outlaw II of Greenville;[23] the $850,000 transaction marked his retirement.[24] Outlaw promised to begin live TV broadcasts from the Anderson studio.[25] The sale was approved by the FCC the next year[2]—with Outlaw selling a half-stake to Frank Nations and doing business under the name "The ONE Corporation" (Outlaw-Nations Entertainment)[26]—but it also started the clock ticking on the need to reinvent channel 40. The owners had feared that they could have had to shutter the station on July 1, but ABC gave the station an extra six months to continue broadcasting its programming through the end of 1978,[21] and in the last two months of the year, the station began to transition its schedule to that of an independent.[27] On January 1, 1979, WAIM-TV became a full-time independent station.[22]

Rather quickly, Nations and Outlaw found that Anderson merchants were not ready to do much television advertising. The station needed to get on cable across the Upstate to be viable as an independent. While some systems added WAIM-TV, cable penetration was too low in those days to meaningfully increase the station's potential audience. In January 1979, daily program hours were cut back from 16 to 8;[22] Nations and Outlaw soon put the station on the market.[28] In mid-May 1979, the transmitter broke down, plunging channel 40 into a silence that would last five years.[29]

Nations and Outlaw sold a minority stake in the station to Ivey Communications of Orlando, Florida. Plans were formulated to return the station to service by the summer of 1980 with an upgraded physical plant.[30] By December 1980, mid-1981 was cited as a date for the station's return.[31]

New South Television sold WAIM-TV in 1983 to Mark III Broadcasting of South Carolina, a subsidiary of Atlanta-based Agronomics, Inc.[32] Agronomics changed the call letters to WAXA, obtained approval for a new tower site for the station, and broke ground in November 1983 on studios on the U.S. 29 bypass.[33] The new transmitter facility would permit the station to cover the entire Upstate, though not Asheville;[34] WAXA applied for a translator to cover that area.[35]

After five and a half years, channel 40 returned to South Carolina screens on October 1, 1984, with a lineup mostly consisting of movies and syndicated reruns.[36][37] Several local programs were added, including three music video shows[38] and public affairs program Straight Talk.[39] Stereo sound broadcasting began in March, making WAXA the first station in South Carolina to provide it.[40]

WAXA was the area's first Fox affiliate when the network started on October 9, 1986; it also debuted on Asheville cable the next month, a major development for a station that had long struggled to reach viewers in western North Carolina.[41][42]

However, momentum soon was halted by the death of Agronomics owner Anthony Kupris in October 1987; his widow Mary was largely an absentee owner who at one point told the Greenville News, "I'm not a broadcaster".[43] In May 1988, Mary reached a deal to sell WAXA to Jones Commercial, Inc., of Chicago.[44] Another major setback occurred while the deal was pending when Pappas Telecasting Companies, owner of competing independent WHNS (channel 21), secured a group affiliation deal with Fox; one of the reasons cited for the change was that channel 40 had been unhappy with the poor performance of Fox's Saturday night lineup.[45] No contract was ever finalized with Jones, and while WAXA claimed that getting out of its Fox affiliation was reducing programming costs, it did lay off some staff in late 1988 for what it termed "budgetary reasons".[46]

In March 1989, it was reported that AnchorMedia, the owner of WLOS, was interested in acquiring WAXA.[43] The next month, a sale contract was announced, as were plans for AnchorMedia to run the station as a satellite of WLOS for the benefit of viewers who received a marginal signal from that station.[47]

The AnchorMedia deal required FCC approval, which was its own wrinkle because it would have created overlap with WLOS. At the time, one company could not own two television stations in the same media market. Awaiting this approval, and with many program contracts expiring, WAXA went off the air on September 1, 1989.[48] Six months later, the FCC ruled; it found that the purchase of WAXA was not in the public interest and denied the transaction.[49] However, the two parties continued to negotiate a simulcast agreement by which the station would not be sold outright but still simulcast WLOS.[50]

In January 1991, WAXA returned to the air as a near-total simulcast of WLOS. AnchorMedia and Mary Kupris appealed the FCC's denial of the outright sale of the station and won a victory at the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, which ordered the FCC to reconsider its denial; one concurring statement by Laurence Silberman noted that the court even considered ordering the transfer granted and expressed the opinion that "there is no alternative use for the frequency".[51] That August, a public affairs program for the Anderson area, Viewpoint 40, was introduced as an opt-out for WAXA viewers only.[52] In 1992, WLOS reached a deal with the Independent-Mail to share news material and announced it would start producing a South Carolina newscast at 6 p.m. for air on channel 40.[53]

AnchorMedia, under the name Continental Broadcasting, sold its three television stations to River City Broadcasting of St. Louis in 1994.[54] River City embarked on a strategy to operate channel 40 with separate programming from WLOS. On September 2, 1995, the station became independent station WFBC-TV (call letters previously used by WYFF from 1953 to 1983), using a mix of newly acquired programs and shows to which WLOS already held the rights.[55]

River City sold its assets to Sinclair Broadcast Group in 1996.[56] Because River City had split WFBC-TV from WLOS, Sinclair itself could not purchase both stations. The license for WFBC-TV was assigned to Glencairn, Ltd., a new group headed by former Sinclair executive Edwin Edwards. The family of Sinclair Broadcast Group founder Julian Sinclair Smith owned 97 percent of Glencairn's stock, effectively making WLOS and WFBC-TV a duopoly in violation of FCC rules.[57] Pulitzer Broadcasting, owner of WYFF, petitioned against the River City sale of WFBC-TV to Glencairn, contending that the combination of the Glencairn sale and a proposed local marketing agreement with Sinclair would give the latter an "unfair competitive wedge" in the market.[58]

Rainbow/PUSH, headed by Jesse Jackson, filed challenges against Glencairn's planned merger with Sinclair in 1998, citing concerns over a single company holding two broadcast licenses in one market and arguing that Glencairn—headed by former Sinclair executive Edwin Edwards, a Black man—passed itself off as a minority-owned company.[59][60] The FCC levied a $40,000 fine against Sinclair in 2001 for illegally controlling Glencairn; it also prevented Sinclair from buying WBSC-TV outright because there would have been fewer than eight unique TV station owners in the market as a result.[61] Glencairn subsequently changed its name to Cunningham Broadcasting Corporation, but its stock is still almost entirely owned by the Smith family, and the companies continued to be closely related.[62]

As part of a 1997 affiliation agreement between Sinclair and The WB,[63] WFBC-TV became a WB affiliate on September 6, 1999, and changed its call letters to WBSC-TV to reflect its programming and location in South Carolina.[64]

In 2006, when The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, Sinclair first elected to affiliate with MyNetworkTV, a new network started by Fox Television Stations, over The CW. On March 2, ten days after the network's existence was announced on February 22,[65] Sinclair affiliated 17 stations it owned or managed, including WBSC-TV, with the network.[66] The call letters were changed to WMYA-TV in recognition of the new network affiliation.[67] Local programming also continued to air. In 2008, the station began airing a fall package of local high school football games—North Carolina games on Thursdays and South Carolina games on Fridays—which by 2015 drew viewership comparable to or greater than MyNetworkTV programming.[68]

On September 20, 2021, "My 40" and the MyNetworkTV programming moved exclusively to the 13.2 subchannel of WLOS.[69] This left the WMYA-TV multiplex airing four diginets, with the main subchannel airing Dabl, in time for ATSC 3.0 conversion in 2022.[70]

The station's ATSC 1.0 channels are carried on the multiplexed digital signals of other television stations in the market:

WMYA discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over UHF channel 40, on February 17, 2009, one day after the original date for full-power television stations in the United States to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which Congress had moved the previous week to June 12). The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 14, using virtual channel 40.[72][73] The analog signal remained on for a time after as part of the SAFER Act to provide transition information.[74]

Subchannels of WMYA-TV (ATSC 3.0)

Channel	Res.	Aspect	Short name	Programming
4.1	1080i	16:9	WYFF	NBC (WYFF)
7.1			WSPA	CBS (WSPA-TV)
13.1	720p		WLOS	ABC (WLOS)
21.1			WHNS	Fox (WHNS)
40.1			WMYA	Dabl

On June 2, 2022, WMYA-TV was converted to ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV), with simulcasts from WYFF, WSPA-TV, WLOS and WHNS.[75]