WiGig

WiGig, alternatively known as 60 GHz Wi-Fi,[1] refers to a set of 60 GHz wireless network protocols.[2] It includes the current IEEE 802.11ad standard and also the IEEE 802.11ay standard.[3]

The WiGig specification allows devices to communicate without wires at multi-gigabit speeds. It enables high performance wireless data, display and audio applications that supplement the capabilities of previous wireless LAN devices. WiGig tri-band-enabled devices, which operate in the 2.4, 5 and 60 GHz bands, deliver data transfer rates up to 7 Gbit/s (for 11ad), about as fast as an 8-band 802.11ac transmission, and more than eleven times as fast than the highest 802.11n rate, while maintaining compatibility with existing Wi-Fi devices. The 60 GHz millimeter wave signal cannot typically penetrate walls but can propagate by reflection from walls, ceilings, floors and objects using beamforming built into the WiGig system.[4] When roaming away from the main room, the protocol can switch to make use of the other lower bands at a much lower rate, both of which can propagate through walls.[5][6]

802.11ay has a transmission rate of 20–40 Gbit/s and an extended transmission distance of 300–500 meters.[7] 802.11ay should not be confused with the similarly named 802.11ax that was released in 2019. The 802.11ay standard is designed to run at much higher frequencies. The lower frequency of 802.11ax enables it to penetrate walls, something that the 11ay standard struggles to do.[8] Although they boast similar speeds, thanks to much more spectrum, 802.11ay can achieve much higher speeds: 277 Gb/s vs. ~3.6Gbit/s (4 streams: 2x 160Mhz @ 1.2Gbit/s + 2x 80Mhz @ 0.6Gbit/s).

The name WiGig comes from Wireless Gigabit Alliance, the original association being formed to promote the adoption of IEEE 802.11ad. However, it is now certified by Wi-Fi Alliance.[9]

History

Specification

The WiGig MAC and PHY Specification, version 1.1 includes the following capabilities:[26][27]

  • Supports data transmission rates up to 7 Gbit/s – a bit over eleven times as fast as the highest 802.11n rate
  • Supplements and extends the 802.11 Media Access Control (MAC) layer and is backward compatible with the IEEE 802.11 standard
  • Physical layer enables low power and high performance WiGig devices, guaranteeing interoperability and communication at gigabit per second rates
  • Protocol adaptation layers are being developed to support specific system interfaces including data buses for PC peripherals and display interfaces for HDTVs, monitors and projectors
  • Support for beamforming, enabling robust communication at up to 10 meters. The beams can move within the coverage area through modification of the transmission phase of individual antenna elements, which is called phased array antenna beamforming.
  • Widely used advanced security and power management for WiGig devices

Applications

On November 3, 2010, WiGig Alliance announced the WiGig version 1.0 A/V and I/O protocol adaptation layer (PAL) specifications.[21] The application specifications have been developed to support specific system interfaces including extensions for PC peripherals and display interfaces for HDTVs, monitors and projectors.

WiGig Display Extension

WiGig Bus Extension and WiGig Serial Extension. The WiGig Bus Extension (WBE) was available to members in 2011.[28]

  • Define high-performance wireless implementations of widely used computer interfaces over 60 GHz
  • Enable multi-gigabit wireless connectivity between any two devices, such as connection to storage and other high-speed peripherals

Competition

WiGig competes with other 60 GHz frequency band transmission standards like WirelessHD in some applications.

Channels
60 GHz WiGig channels
Channel
2.16 GHz		Frequency (GHz) Channel
4.32 GHz		Channel
6.48 GHz		Channel
8.64 GHz		 Channel
1.08 GHz		Frequency (GHz)
CenterMin.Max. CenterMin.Max.
158.3257.2459.40 9—17——25——— 3357.7857.2458.32
260.4859.4061.56 101826 3458.8658.3259.40
362.6461.5663.72 111927 3559.9459.4060.48
464.8063.7265.88 122028 3661.0260.4861.56
566.9665.8868.04 132129 3762.1061.5662.64
669.1268.0470.20 1422— 3863.1862.6463.72
771.2870.2072.36 15—— 3964.2663.7264.80
873.4472.3674.52 ——— 4065.3464.8065.88

Regional spectrum allocations vary by region limiting the available number of channels in some regions. So far, the US is the only region supporting all six channels while other regions are considering to follow suit. [29]

Single-carrier and Control-PHY data rates
MCS
index		 Modulation
type		 Coding
rate		 Phy rate (Mbit/s) Sensitivity power
(dBm)		 Tx EVM
(dB)
0 (Control-PHY)DSSS with 32 π⁄2-BPSK chips per bit1/227.5−78−6
1π⁄2-BPSK (with each bit repeated twice)1/2385−68−6
2π⁄2-BPSK1/2770−66−7
35/8962.5−65−9
43/41155−64−10
513/161251.25−62−12
6π⁄2-QPSK1/21540−63−11
75/81925−62−12
83/42310−61−13
913/162502.5−59−15
10π⁄2-16-QAM1/23080−55−19
115/83850−54−20
123/44620−53−21

OFDM data rates

The use of the OFDM mode is obsolete and removed in 802.11-2020.

MCS
index		Modulation
type		Coding
rate		Phy rate
(Mbit/s)		Sensitivity
(dBm)		EVM
(dB)
13SQPSK1/2693−66−7
145/8866.25−64−9
15QPSK1/21386−63−10
165/81732.5−62−11
173/42079−60−13
1816-QAM1/22772−58−15
195/83465−56−17
203/44158−54−19
2113/164504.5−53−20
2264-QAM5/85197.5−51−22
233/46237−49−24
2413/166756.75−47−26

Low-power single-carrier data rates
MCS
index		Modulation
type		Coding
rate		Phy rate
(Mbit/s)		Sensitivity
(dBm)		EVM
(dB)
25π⁄2-BPSK13/28626−64−7
2613/21834−60−9
2752/631112−57−10
28π⁄2-QPSK13/281251−12
2913/211668−12
3052/632224−13
3113/142503−15

See also

ip based:

port / cable standard for mobile equipment

References
  1. "IEEE 802.11ad 60GHz Microwave Wi-Fi".
  2. "Understanding 60 GHz Wireless Network Protocols".
  3. "Wi-Fi Alliance rebrands 802.11ac as Wi-Fi 5, picks 802.11ax as Wi-Fi 6". 3 October 2018.
  4. Smulders, Peter (August 18, 2009). "Statistical Characterization of 60-GHz Indoor Radio Channels [Invited Paper]". IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 57 (12): 2820–2829. doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2030524.
  5. "Is 802.11ad the Ultimate Cable Replacement?". Broadband Technology Report (BTR).
  6. "Millimeter Wave Propagation: Spectrum Management Implications" (PDF). FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION OFFICE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, Bulletin Number 70 July, 1997).
  7. "IEEE 802.11ay / NG60 - Next Generation 60 GHz". www.elektronik-kompendium.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  8. "802.11ay wireless technology: Next-gen 60GHz WiFi".
  9. "What is WiGig". 5g.co.uk.
  10. Nitsche, Thomas; Cordeiro, Carlos; Flores, Adriana; Knightly, Edward; Perahia, Eldad; Widmer, Joerg (December 11, 2014). "IEEE 802.11ad: directional 60 GHz communication for multi-Gigabit-per-second Wi-Fi [Invited Paper]". IEEE Communications Magazine. 52 (12): 132–141. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2014.6979964.
  11. Higginbotham, Stacey (May 6, 2009). "WiGig Alliance to Push 6 Gbps Wireless in the Home". GigaOm. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  12. Takahash, Dean (2009-05-06). "WiGig Alliance seeks to bring super-fast wireless video transfer to homes". VentureBeat.
  13. "WiGig Unites 60 GHz Wireless Development". Wi-Fi Net News.
  14. Higgins, Tim (2009-05-08). "Why WiGig?". Small Net Builder.
  15. Reardon, Marguerite (2009-05-07). "Tech giants back superfast WiGig standard". CNET.
  16. Murph, Darren (2009-12-10). "WiGig Alliance completes multi-gigabit 60 GHz wireless specification: let the streaming begin". Engadget.
  17. Merritt, Rick (2009-12-10). "WiGig group gives first peak at 60 Ghz spec". EE Times.
  18. Hachman, Mark (2009-12-10). "WiGig Alliance Finalizes Spec, Tri-Band Wi-Fi in 2010?". PC Mag.
  19. Takahashi, Dean (2009-12-10). "WiGig Alliance creates next-generation wireless networking standard". Venture Beat.
  20. Lawson, Stephen (2009-12-10). "WiGig Fast Wireless Group Finishes Standard". PC Mag.
  21. "WiGig Alliance Announces Completion of its Multi-Gigabit Wireless Specification". Businesswire.
  22. "Wi-Fi Alliance and WiGig Alliance to Cooperate on Expansion of Wi-Fi Technologies". PR Newswire.
  23. IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and information exchange between systems—Local and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements-Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 3: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the 60 GHz Band. IEEE SA. December 24, 2012. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2012.6392842. ISBN 978-0-7381-8096-0.
  24. "Wi-Fi Alliance makes WiGig official for 60 GHz multi-gigabit networking". www.cablinginstall.com.
  25. "IEEE 802.11, The Working Group Setting the Standards for Wireless LANs". www.ieee802.org. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
  26. "WiGig Alliance Announces Completion of its Multi-Gigabit Wireless Specification". BusinessWire. 10 December 2009. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010.
  27. "WiGig Alliance Specifications Page". WiGig Alliance.
  28. Robinson, Daniel (2011-06-28). "WiGig Alliance issues 1.1 update for next-generation wireless". V3.co.
  29. Wi-Fi CERTIFIED WiGig™: Wi-Fi® expands to 60 GHz , Wi-Fi Alliance, October 2016 wp_Wi-Fi_CERTIFIED_WiGig_20161024.pdf


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