Liwa Zainebiyoun

Pakistanis have been fighting in Syria since 2013.[6] They originally fought in the Afghan Liwa Fatemiyoun, and only became numerous enough to warrant a distinct brigade in early 2015.[4] Some of the fighters are Hazara[33] and Baloch[36] while others are Pashtun (mainly from Parachinar),[18] Punjabi[37] or Balti from Gilgit-Baltistan[34] and Karachi.[38] Like other Shia foreign brigades in Syria, it is funded, trained, and overseen by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps.[8][9]

Its official purpose is to defend the Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque (the shrine of Zaynab bint Ali, sister of Imam Hussain and granddaughter of the prophet Muhammad) and other Shia holy sites in Syria.[6] It operates primarily in Damascus defending these holy sites. However, since 2015, it has also engaged in offensive action around Daraa[5][39] and Aleppo, along with other foreign Shia fighters.[4]

On 9 April 2015, seven fighters were killed defending the Imam Hasan Mosque in Damascus and were buried in Qom, Iran.[6] In March 2016, six fighters were killed defending the Imam Reza shrine, also buried in Qom.[40] On 23 April, five more fighters were killed.[41] An estimated 69 fighters were killed between November 2014 and March 2016.[4]

In early 2018 the group was involved in the Battle of Khasham against US special forces and the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces.[23]

In December 2015, a bomb killed 25 and injured over 30 in Parachinar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Terrorist group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi claimed responsibility, and said that it was "revenge for the crimes against Syrian Muslims by Iran and Bashar al-Assad" and threatened to continue terror attacks if Parachinar citizens did not "stop sending people to take part in Syrian war". The Parachinar has the large majority of Shia Muslims, Afterward the 2007 Kurram Agency conflict Parachinar considered as the stronghold of Liwa Zainebiyoun and other local Shia militias, The Shia majority Pashtun tribes of Parachinar named Turi and Bangash tribes are famously known for defending their territories from the onslaught of terrorists of Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Pakistani Taliban and Islamic State - Khorasan Province including. They are the main protectors of their areas and borders alongside Pakistan Army. Parachinar is the only major city in the tribal belt of Pakistan where the personnel of Pakistan Army were never attacked as the area is loyal to the security forces operating near the Afghan-Pakistan border.[26]

The government of Pakistan officially denies the presence of Pakistani fighters in Syria, and has been reluctant to take back members of the brigade caught in Syria.[34]

The Saqib Haider Karbalai, Muhammad Jannati also known as Haj Haider was a Pakistani Pashtun Shia militant belongs from the Parachinar, He was the commander of the Zainabiyoun Brigade, which includes Pakistani fighters trained by the Quds Force in the Revolutionary Guards to fight in Syria and Iraq[42] The group's officially designated purpose, according to the Iranian government and affiliated news sources, is the defense of the shrine of Zaynab bint Ali, the granddaughter of Prophet of Islam, and to fight "takfiri terrorists" in Syria, which would come to include the Islamic State (IS).[43] The Haj Haider was mostly actively command the operations in Battles of Aleppo, Deir ez-Zor, Palmyra against Islamic State and other takfiri terrorists. In 2017 the commander of the Zainabiyoun Brigade Haj Haider gone missing during fighting in Hama offensive (March–April 2017) against Islamic State The Iranian authorities confirmed his death in 2019 authorities reported that the body of the Zainabiyoun Brigade commander was transferred to Tehran two years after he was killed in the Syrian city of Hama. He was beheaded by the terrorists of ISIS According to the authorities, the identity of the commander of the Zainabiyoun Brigade was recently identified after a DNA test, and he was transferred to Tehran to be buried on Thursday authorities also indicated that “his body is without a head and without an arm and he was killed in April 2017 in the Tal Turabi area in Hama governorate during offensive, Qassem Soleimani said about him: “He was one of the best around me.”, according to Pakistani authorities The Saqib Haider Karbalai killed many Pakistani Taliban and Sipah e Sahaba, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi based Anti-Shia Takfiri extremists during 2007 Kurram Agency conflict According to the authorities he helped Pakistan Army against terrorists in which he also got wonded.The afterward Sipah e Sahaba accused Saqib Haider Karbalai as a member of Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan but failed to prove, unknown commander after the death of Haj Haider since 2017,[44] however the Brigade still active performing operations against Islamic State in Syria, In early 2018 the group was involved in the Battle of Khasham against US special forces and the US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces.[23]

According to researcher Phillip Smyth, Liwa Fatemiyoun, Liwa Zainebiyoun and Hezbollah Afghanistan were originally different groups, but showed such great overlap in ideology and membership by 2014 that they had become "incorporated". In contrast, researcher Oved Lobel continued to regard Liwa Fatemiyoun and Hezbollah Afghanistan as separate organizations in 2018, though groups were part of Iran's "regional proxy network".[45] Other sources such as Jihad Intel and Arab News have treated the militas as the same organization.[46] Researcher Michael Robillard called Liwa Fatemiyoun a "branch of Hezbollah Afghanistan".The Iran is also known to have established branches of Hezbollah in Afghanistan and Pakistan, with several pro-Iranian groups operating in both countries by the Soviet–Afghan War.[47][48]

• Foreign fighters in the Syrian civil war

• Liwa Fatemiyoun
• List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War
• Holy Shrine Defender