Zen 4

Zen 4 is the codename for a CPU microarchitecture designed by AMD, released on September 27, 2022.[4][5][6] It is the successor to Zen 3 and uses TSMC's N5 process for CCDs.[7] Zen 4 powers Ryzen 7000 mainstream desktop processors (codenamed "Raphael") and is used in high-end mobile processors (codenamed "Dragon Range"), thin & light mobile processors (codenamed "Phoenix"), as well as EPYC 9004 server processors (codenamed "Genoa" and "Bergamo").

AMD Zen 4
General information
LaunchedSeptember 27, 2022 (September 27, 2022)
Designed byAMD
Common manufacturer(s)
Cache
L1 cache64 KB (per core)
L2 cache1 MB (per core)
L3 cache
  • 32 MB (per CCD)
  • 96 MB (per 3D V-Cache CCD)
  • 16 MB (in Phoenix)
Architecture and classification
Technology nodeTSMC N5 (CCDs)
TSMC N6 (I/O die)[1]
Instruction setAMD64 (x86_64)
Physical specifications
Cores
  • Desktop: 6 to 16
    HEDT: 24 to 64
    Workstation: 12 to 96
    Server:   16 to 96
Socket(s)
Products, models, variants
Product code name(s)
  • Desktop
    • Raphael
    • Storm Peak[2]

  • Thin & Light Mobile
    • Phoenix
    • Hawk Point[3]

  • High-End Mobile
    • Dragon Range

  • Server
    • Genoa
    • Genoa-X
Brand name(s)
History
Predecessor(s)Zen 3
Successor(s)Zen 5
Support status
Supported

Features

Like its predecessor, Zen 4 in its Desktop Ryzen variants features one or two Core Complex Dies (CCDs) built on TSMC's 5 nm process and one I/O die built on 6 nm.[8][9] Previously, the I/O die on Zen 3 was built on GlobalFoundries' 14 nm process for EPYC and 12 nm process for Ryzen. Zen 4's I/O die includes integrated RDNA 2 graphics for the first time on any Zen architecture. Zen 4 marks the first utilization of the 5 nm process for x86-based desktop processors.

On desktop and server platforms, Zen 4 supports only DDR5 memory, with support for DDR4 dropped. Additionally, Zen 4 supports new AMD EXPO SPD profiles for more comprehensive memory tuning and overclocking by the RAM manufacturers. Unlike Intel XMP, AMD EXPO is marketed as an open, license and royalty-free standard for describing memory kit parameters, such as operating frequency, timings and voltages. It allows to encode a wider set of timings to achieve better performance and compatibility. However, XMP memory profiles are still supported.[10] EXPO can also support Intel processors.[11]

All Ryzen desktop processors feature 28 (24 + 4) PCIe 5.0 lanes. This means that a discrete GPU can be connected by 16 PCIe lanes or two GPUs by 8 PCIe lanes each. Additionally, there are now 2 x 4 lane PCIe interfaces, most often used for M.2 storage devices. Whether the lanes connecting the GPUs in the mechanical x16 slots are executed as PCIe 4.0 or PCIe 5.0 can be configured by the mainboard manufacturers. Finally, 4 PCIe 5.0 lanes are reserved for connecting the south bridge chip or chipset.

Zen 4 is the first AMD microarchitecture to support AVX-512 instruction set extension. Most 512-bit vector instructions are split in two and executed by the 256-bit SIMD execution units internally. The two halves execute in parallel on a pair of execution units and are still tracked as a single micro-OP (except for stores), which means the execution latency isn't doubled compared to 256-bit vector instructions. There are four 256-bit execution units, which gives a maximum throughput of two 512-bit vector instructions per clock cycle, e.g. one multiplication and one addition. The maximum number of instructions per clock cycle is doubled for vectors of 256 bits or less. Load and store units are also 256 bits each, retaining the throughput of up to two 256-bit loads or one store per cycle that was supported by Zen 3. This translates to up to one 512-bit load per cycle or one 512-bit store per two cycles.[10][12][13]

Other features and improvements, compared to Zen 3, include:[10][12]

  • L1 Branch Target Buffer (BTB) size increased by 50%, to 1.5K entries. Each entry is now able to store up to two branch targets, provided that the first branch is a conditional branch and the second branch is located within the same aligned 64-byte cache line as the first one.
  • L2 BTB increased to 7K entries.
  • Improved direct and indirect branch predictors.
  • OP cache size increased by 68%, to 6.75K OPs. The OP cache is now able to produce up to 9 macro-OPs per cycle (up from 6).
  • Re-order buffer (ROB) is increased by 25%, to 320 instructions.
  • Integer register file increased to 224 registers, FP/vector register file increased to 192 registers. FP/vector register file widened to 512 bits to support AVX-512. Added a new mask register file, capable of storing 68 mask registers.
  • Load queue size increased by 22%, to 88 pending loads.
  • L2 cache is doubled, from 512 KiB to 1 MiB per core, 8-way.
  • Automatic IBRS, where indirect branch restricted speculation mode is automatically enabled and disabled when control enters and leaves Ring 0 (kernel mode). This reduces the cost of user/kernel mode transitions.
  • ~13% IPC increase on average.
  • Up to 5.7 GHz max core frequency.
  • Memory speeds up to DDR5-5200 are officially supported.
  • In Ryzen 7000 desktop processors, the integrated GPU contains two RDNA 2 Compute Units running at up to 2.2 GHz.

Products

Raphael

On August 29, 2022, AMD announced four Zen 4-based Ryzen 7000 series desktop processors. The four Ryzen 7000 processors that were launched on September 27, 2022 consist of one Ryzen 5, one Ryzen 7, and two Ryzen 9 CPUs and they feature between 6 and 16 cores.[14]

A further three models were added to the Ryzen 7000 desktop processors lineup on January 10, 2023, after a keynote by AMD at CES that announced them alongside 3D V-Cache variants of Ryzen 7 and Ryzen 9 processors. These three models are the Ryzen 5 7600, Ryzen 7 7700, and Ryzen 9 7900, which feature a lower TDP of 65 W, and come bundled with stock coolers, unlike the X-suffix processors.[15][16]

The Ryzen 9 7950X3D and 7900X3D processors with 3D V-Cache were released on February 28, 2023,[17] followed by the Ryzen 7 7800X3D on April 6.[18]

Storm Peak

Storm Peak is the codename given to Ryzen Threadripper 7000 HEDT and Ryzen Threadripper Pro 7000WX workstation processors, announced by AMD on October 19, 2023, and set for a release on November 21, 2023. The Threadripper 7000 HEDT lineup consists of three models ranging from 24 to 64 cores, while the Threadripper Pro 7000WX workstation lineup encompasses six models ranging from 12 to 96 cores.[19]

Mobile

On January 4, 2023, AMD announced its Phoenix and Dragon Range series of mobile processors based on Zen 4 at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES). The Phoenix processors target the mainstream notebook segment, feature an AI accelerator branded as "Ryzen AI", similar to Apple's Neural Engine, and are of a monolithic chip design, while the Dragon Range processors target the high-end segment, providing core counts up to 16 cores and 32 threads, and are built on a multi-chip module design, utilizing an I/O die and up to two core complex dies (CCDs).[20][21]

Phoenix

The Phoenix mobile processors are named as the "Ryzen 7040" series, and include U, H, and HS-suffix variants.[22]

Dragon Range

The Dragon Range mobile processors are named as the "Ryzen 7045" series, and consist of HX-suffix models only.[22]

Genoa

On November 10, 2022, AMD launched the fourth generation (also known as the 9004 series) of EPYC server and data center processors based on the Zen 4 microarchitecture, codenamed Genoa.[23] Genoa features between 16 and 96 Zen 4 cores, alongside PCIe 5.0 and DDR5, designed for enterprise and cloud data center clients.

Zen 4c

Zen 4c is a variant of Zen 4 featuring smaller Zen 4 cores with lower clock frequencies, power usage, reduced L3 cache per core, and is intended to fit a greater number of cores in a given space.

Zen 4c is used for AMD's lineup of Bergamo Epyc 97x4 CPUs, launched June 13th, 2023.[24] Bergamo features up to 128 cores and 256 threads.[25] Zen 4c is also used in Siena, AMD's codename for its Epyc 8004 series of CPUs designed for edge computing, telecommunications, and other server segments where lower costs and higher energy efficiency are a priority over performance. Siena has up to 64 cores and 128 threads, and was released on September 18, 2023.[26] Zen 4c's smaller cores and higher core counts are designed for heavily multi-threaded workloads such as cloud computing.[27][28]

References

  1. Leather, Antony (May 23, 2022). "AMD Just Revealed Exciting Ryzen 7000 Details: 15% Faster, 5.5GHz, More Cache And Onboard Graphics". Forbes. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  2. Shilov, Anton (September 28, 2022). "Ryzen Threadripper 7000 Storm Peak CPU Surfaces With 64 Zen 4 Cores". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved October 2, 2022.
  3. "AMD Ryzen 8000 "Hawk Point" officially in upcoming Minisforum 2-in-1 tablet". VideoCardz.com. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  4. "AMD confirms Zen4 & Ryzen 7000 series lineup: Raphael in 2022, Dragon Range and Phoenix in 2023". VideoCardz. May 3, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  5. Liu, Zhiye (May 3, 2022). "AMD Confirms Zen 4 Dragon Range, Phoenix APUs for 2023". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  6. Garreffa, Anthony (May 3, 2022). "AMD confirms Ryzen 7000 series CPUs this year: Zen 4 + DDR5 + PCIe 5.0". TweakTown. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  7. Bonshor, Gavin (June 9, 2022). "AMD's Desktop CPU Roadmap: 2024 Brings Zen 5-based "Granite Ridge"". AnandTech. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  8. Alcorn, Paul (May 23, 2022). "AMD Intros Zen 4 Ryzen 7000 CPUs and Motherboards: Up to 5.5 GHz, 15%+ Performance, RDNA 2 Graphics". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  9. Garreffa, Anthony (May 29, 2022). "AMD RDNA2 GPU 'is standard' on ALL next-gen Ryzen 7000 series CPUs". TweakTown. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  10. Smith, Ryan; Bonshor, Gavin (September 26, 2022). "AMD Zen 4 Ryzen 9 7950X and Ryzen 5 7600X Review: Retaking The High-End". AnandTech. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  11. Roach, Jacob (September 6, 2022). "What is AMD EXPO and should my DDR5 have it?". Digital Trends. Retrieved October 2, 2022.
  12. clamchowder (November 5, 2022). "AMD's Zen 4 Part 1: Frontend and Execution Engine". Chips and Cheese. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
  13. Fog, Agner. "The microarchitecture of Intel, AMD and VIA CPUs" (PDF). Agner Fog. Technical University of Denmark. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  14. "AMD Ryzen 7000 "Zen4" desktop series launch September 27th, Ryzen 9 7950X for 699 USD". VideoCardz. August 29, 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  15. Delgado, Camilo (January 10, 2023). "AMD Ryzen 7000 non-X series: 7600, 7700, 7900 specs, price, release date". PC Guide. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  16. Hong, Soon Kai (January 13, 2023). "Ryzen 7000 Non-X Review: This Is Some Serious EfficiencyThis time, we're taking a look at the Ryzen 5 7600 as well as the Ryzen 9 7900. Both of which are rated at just a mere 65W". tech360tv. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  17. White, Monica J. (March 7, 2023). "AMD Ryzen 9 7950X vs. Ryzen 9 7950X3D: 3D V-cache compared". Digital Trends. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  18. Epps, Ryan (April 6, 2023). "Ryzen 7 7800X3D release date - confirmed". PC Guide. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  19. Hachman, Mark (October 19, 2023). "AMD's monstrous Threadripper 7000 CPUs aim for desktop PC dominance". PCWorld. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  20. Burek, John (January 5, 2023). "'Phoenix' and 'Dragon Range' Arrive! AMD Outlines Ryzen 7000 Mobile CPUs, Some With Onboard 'Ryzen AI'". PCMag Australia. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  21. Norem, Josh (February 6, 2023). "AMD's 'Dragon Range' 12-Core Mobile CPU Is 90% Faster Than 6900HX in PassMark". ExtremeTech. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  22. Alcorn, Paul (January 5, 2023). "AMD Brings Chiplets, Zen 4, RDNA 3 and XDNA AI to Laptops: 5nm Dragon Range and 4nm Phoenix Arrive". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  23. Mujtaba, Hassan (November 10, 2022). "AMD 4th Gen EPYC 9004 "Genoa Zen 4" CPUs Launched: Up To 96 Cores, 192 Threads, 384 MB L3 Cache & Crushing All Other Server Chips". Wccftech. Retrieved November 13, 2022.
  24. Szewczyk, Chris (June 10, 2022). "AMD provides new Zen 4 details and touts a greater than 25% performance-per-watt gain". PC Gamer. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  25. Norem, Josh (June 9, 2022). "Zen 4 on the Floor: AMD Promises 35 Percent Performance Jump For Next-Gen CPUs". ExtremeTech. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  26. Smith, Ryan (September 18, 2023). "AMD Releases EPYC 8004 "Siena" CPUs: Zen 4c For Edge-Optimized Server Chips". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  27. Klotz, Aaron (September 1, 2022). "Zen 4 EPYC's New Naming Scheme Leaked". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  28. "AMD Unveils Workload-Tailored Innovations and Products at The Accelerated Data Center Premiere". AMD (Press release). Santa Clara, CA. November 8, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
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