Abiotrophia

Abiotrophia is a genus of lactic acid bacteria, a family in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).

Abiotrophia
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Aerococcaceae
Genus: Abiotrophia
Y. Kawamura et al. 1995[1]
Type species
Abiotrophia defectiva
Species

See text

Species

The genus contains 4 species of coccus shaped species,[2] 2 are former members of the genus Streptococcus, which were transferred in 1995 to the newly coined genus Abiotrophia:[1]

  • A. adiacens ( (Bouvet et al. 1989) Kawamura et al. 1995; Latin feminine gender adjective adiacens, adjacent, indicating that this organism can grow as satellite colonies adjacent to other bacterial growth.)
  • A. defectiva ( (Bouvet et al. 1989) Kawamura et al. 1995, comb. nov. (Type species of the genus).; Latin feminine gender adjective defectiva, deficient.)[3]

Other 2 are latter additions:

  • A. balaenopterae ( Lawson et al. 1999; New Latin genitive case noun balaenopterae, pertaining to the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, from which the organism was isolated.)[4]
  • A. elegans ( Roggenkamp et al. 1999; Latin feminine gender adjective elegans, choice, nice, elegant.)[5] Abiotrophia elegans was reclassified to Granulicatella elegans.[6]

In 2000, Collins and Lawsons further differentiated A. adiacens, A. balaenopterae and A. elegans from A. defectiva by placing them into the new genus Granulicatella.[7]

Etymology
See also: Bacterial taxonomy

The name Abiotrophia derives from: Greek prefix ἄ (a)-, negative (un-); Greek noun βιος (bios), life; Greek noun τροφιά (trophia), nutrition; New Latin feminine gender noun Abiotrophia, life-nutrition-deficiency.[2]

Genome Sequence

For the Human Microbiome Project (HMP), the genome of Abiotrophia defectiva ATCC 49176 has been sequenced (assembly) as it is a resident of human oral cavity and urogenital and intestinal tracts and is a cause of infective endocarditis, showing it to have 3291 protein encoded in a 3.4774 Mbp genome with a GC content of 37.0% [8]

Disease

Formerly classified as nutritionally variant streptococci, A. elegans had been identified as a cause of 1 to 2% of blood culture negative bacterial endocarditis.[9]

References
  1. "KAWAMURA (Y.), HOU (X.G.), SULTANA (F.), LIU (S.), YAMAMOTO (H.) and EZAKI (T.): Transfer of Streptococcus adjacens and Streptococcus defectivus to Abiotrophia gen. nov. as Abiotrophia adiacens comb. nov. and Abiotrophia defectiva comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 798-803". Archived from the original on 2010-07-17. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
  2. Abiotrophia entry in LPSN; Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 47 (2): 590–2. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. PMID 9103655.
  3. KAWAMURA (Y.), HOU (X.G.), SULTANA (F.), LIU (S.), YAMAMOTO (H.) and EZAKI (T.): Transfer of Streptococcus adiacens and Streptococcus defectivus to Abiotrophia genitive case nov. as Abiotrophia adiacens comb. nov. and Abiotrophia defectiva comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1995, 45, 798-803.
  4. "Abiotrophia balaenopterae sp. nov., isolated from the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)". Archived from the original on 2010-07-17. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
  5. "Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB -- 49 (1): 1 -- International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology". Archived from the original on 2011-03-07. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
  6. Christensen, J. J.; Facklam, R. R. (1 October 2001). "Granulicatella and Abiotrophia Species from Human Clinical Specimens". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 39 (10): 3520–3523. doi:10.1128/JCM.39.10.3520-3523.2001. PMC 88382. PMID 11574566.
  7. Collins M, Lawson P. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50(1):365-369 doi:10.1099/00207713-50-1-365
  8. "Abiotrophia defectiva ATCC 49176 (ID 33011) - BioProject - NCBI".
  9. Sharaf MA, Shaikh N. (Dec 2005). "Abiotrophia endocarditis: case report and review of the literature". Can J Cardiol. 21 (14): 1309–11. PMID 16341303.


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