Bacilli

Bacilli is a taxonomic class of bacteria that includes two orders, Bacillales and Lactobacillales, which contain several well-known pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis (the cause of anthrax). Bacilli are almost exclusively gram-positive bacteria.[1]

This article is about the bacterial class. For the genus, see Bacillus. For rod-shaped bacteria in general, see bacillus (shape).

Bacilli
Bacillus subtilis, Gram stain
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Bacilli
Ludwig et al. 2010
Orders
Synonyms
  • "Bacillia" Oren, Parte & Garrity 2016
  • Desulfuribacillia Sorokin et al. 2021
  • Firmibacteria Murray 1988
  • Teichobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002

The name Bacillus, capitalized and italicized, refers to a specific genus of bacteria. The name Bacilli, capitalized but not italicized, can also refer to a less specific taxonomic group of bacteria that includes two orders, one of which contains the genus Bacillus. When the word is formatted with lowercase and not italicized, 'bacillus', it will most likely be referring to shape and not to the genus at all.

Ambiguity

Several related concepts make use of similar words, and the ambiguity can create considerable confusion. The term "Bacillus" (capitalized and italicized) is also the name of a genus (Bacillus anthracis) that, among many other genera, falls within the class Bacilli.

The word "bacillus" (or its plural "bacilli", with a small b) is also a generic term to describe the morphology of any rod-shaped bacterium. This general term does not mean that the subject is a member of class Bacilli or genus Bacillus. Thus, it does not necessarily imply a similar group of characteristics. Not all members of class Bacilli are rod-shaped (Staphylococcus is spherical), and many other rod-shaped bacteria that do not fall within that class exist (e.g., Clostridium is rod-shaped but very different taxonomically). Moreover, the general term "bacillus" does not necessarily indicate the Gram-positive staining common to class Bacilli. For example, E. coli is a rod-shaped bacterium that can be described as "a bacillus", but it stains Gram-negative and does not belong to the genus Bacillus or the class Bacilli. Some microbiologists have forsaken the general "bacillus" term because of the confusion it can create.

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[2] and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[3]

120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207[4][5][6]
 
 
 

"Kyrpidiaceae" {"Kyrpidiales"}

 
 
"Tumebacillales"
 

"Effusibacillaceae"

 
 

"Tumebacillaceae"

 
 
"Alicyclobacillales"
 

"Acidibacillaceae"

 
 

Alicyclobacillaceae

 
 
 
 
 
 

Desulfuribacillaceae {Desulfuribacillales}

 
 
 
 
 

Bacillaceae_M {Bacillales_F}

 
 

Pasteuriaceae {RES148}

 
 
 
 

"Calditerricolaceae" {"Calditerricolales"}

 
 
 

"Thermicanaceae" {"Thermicanales"}

 
 

DSM-22653 {DSM-22653}

 
 
 
 
 
"Thermoactinomycetales"
 

"Novibacillaceae"

 
 
 

Thermoactinomycetaceae

 
 
 

DSM-45169

 
 
 

JIR-001

 
 

DSM-44946

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
"Tepidibacillales"

"Tepidibacillaceae"

 
"Paenibacillales"
 

Reconcilibacillaceae

 
 
 

SCSIO-06110

 
 
 

Paenibacillaceae

 
 
 

YIM-B00363

 
 

NBRC-103111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
"Brevibacillales"

"Brevibacillaceae"

 
"Aneurinibacillales"
 

RAOX-1

 
 

"Aneurinibacillaceae"

 
 
 
 
"Caldalkalibacillales"
 

JCM-10596

 
 

"Caldalkalibacillaceae"

 
 
 
 

"Rubeoparvulaceae" {"Rubeoparvulales"}

 
 
 

"Exiguobacteraceae" {"Exiguobacterales"}

 
 
 

CAJFEE01 {CAJFEE01}

 
 
"Bacillidae"
 

Planococcaceae {Caryophanales}

 
 
 

"Caldibacillaceae" {DSM-16016}

 
 
 

JC228 {JC228}

 
 
Bacillales B
 
 

DSM-1321

 
 

DSM-18226

 
 
 
 

Bacillaceae_C

 
 
 

"Domibacillaceae"

 
 
 

DSM-25281

 
 
 

Bacillaceae_B

 
 
 

Bacillaceae_K

 
 

"Jeotgalibacillaceae"

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bacillales
 

Bacillaceae_I

 
 
 
 

SA4

 
 

Bacillaceae_G

 
 
 
 
 

Bacillaceae_H

 
 

Bacillaceae

 
 
 
 

Bacillaceae_L

 
 
 

"Aeribacillaceae"

 
 

"Anoxybacillaceae"

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Bacillaceae_J {Bacillales C}

 
 
Bacillales D
 
 

Bacillaceae_N

 
 

Bacillaceae_O

 
 
 
 

DSM-28697

 
 
 

"Amphibacillaceae"

 
 
 

"Alkalibacillaceae"

 
 

"Halobacillaceae"

 
 
 
 
 
 
Bacillales E
 

SA5d-4

 
 

"Massilibacteriaceae"

 
 
 
Bacillales G
 
 

UBA6769

 
 

HB172195

 
 
 
 

"Fictibacillaceae"

 
 

Sporolactobacillaceae

 
 
 
Bacillales H
 
 

"Salisediminibacteriaceae"

 
 

"Marinococcaceae"

 
 
 
 

Bacillaceae_D

 
 
 

Bacillaceae_F

 
 
 

KJ1-10-99

 
 

"Anaerobacillaceae"

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
"Staphylococcales"
 

"Gemellaceae"

 
 
 

Staphylococcaceae

 
 
 

DSM-29158

 
 

"Salinicoccaceae"

 
 
 
 
 

"Erysipelotrichidae"

 
 
 

Lactobacillales

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

See also

References
  1. Ludwig, Wolfgang; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz; Whitman, William B. (2015). "Bacilli class. Nov". Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. p. 1. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.cbm00033. ISBN 9781118960608.
  2. J.P. Euzéby. "Bacilli". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  3. Sayers; et al. "Bacilli". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  4. "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  5. "bac120_r207.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  6. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
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