Abortion law

Abortion laws vary widely among countries and territories, and have changed over time. Such laws range from abortion being freely available on request, to regulation or restrictions of various kinds, to outright prohibition in all circumstances. Many countries and territories that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for rape, incest, or socioeconomic reasons, and more for fetal impairment or risk to the woman's health or life. As of 2022, countries that legally allow abortion on request or for socioeconomic reasons comprise about 60% of the world's population.

Legality of abortion by country or territory

Legal on request:
	No gestational limit
	Gestational limit after the first 17 weeks
	Gestational limit in the first 17 weeks
	Unclear gestational limit
Legally restricted to cases of:
	Risk to woman's life, to her health, rape, fetal impairment*, or socioeconomic factors
	Risk to woman's life, to her health*, rape, or fetal impairment
	Risk to woman's life, to her health*, or fetal impairment
	Risk to woman's life, to her health, or rape
	Risk to woman's life or to her health
	Risk to woman's life
	Illegal with no exceptions
	No information
* Does not apply to some countries or territories in that category

Note: In some countries or territories, abortion laws are modified by other laws, regulations, legal principles or judicial decisions. This map shows their combined effect as implemented by the authorities.

Abortion continues to be a controversial subject in many societies on religious, moral, ethical, practical, and political grounds. Though it has been banned and otherwise limited by law in many jurisdictions, abortions continue to be common in many areas, even where they are illegal. According to a 2007 study conducted by the Guttmacher Institute and the World Health Organization, abortion rates are similar in countries where the procedure is legal and in countries where it is not,[1][2] due to unavailability of modern contraceptives in areas where abortion is illegal.[3] Also according to the study, the number of abortions worldwide is declining due to increased access to contraception.[1][2]

History

Abortion has existed since ancient times, with natural abortifacients being found amongst a wide variety of tribal people and in most written sources. The earliest known records of abortion techniques and general reproductive regulation date as far back as 2700 BC in China, and 1550 BC in Egypt.[4] Early texts contain little mention of abortion or abortion law. When it does appear, it is entailed in concerns about male property rights, preservation of social order, and the duty to produce fit citizens for the state or community. The harshest penalties were generally reserved for a woman who procured an abortion against her husband's wishes, and for slaves who produced abortion in a woman of high status. Religious texts often contained severe condemnations of abortion, recommending penance but seldom enforcing secular punishment. As a matter of common law in England and the United States, abortion was illegal anytime after quickening—when the movements of the fetus could first be felt by the woman. Under the born alive rule, the fetus was not considered a "reasonable being" in rerum natura; and abortion was not treated as murder in English law.

In the 19th century, many Western countries began to codify abortion laws or place further restrictions on the practice. Anti-abortion movements, also referred to as "pro-life" movements, were led by a combination of groups opposed to abortion on moral grounds, and by medical professionals who were concerned about the danger presented by the procedure and the regular involvement of non-medical personnel in performing abortions. Nevertheless, it became clear that illegal abortions continued to take place in large numbers even where abortions were rigorously restricted. It was difficult to obtain sufficient evidence to prosecute the women and abortion doctors, and judges and juries were often reluctant to convict. For example, Henry Morgentaler, a Canadian pro-choice advocate, was never convicted by a jury. He was acquitted by a jury in the 1973 court case, but the acquittal was overturned by five judges on the Quebec Court of Appeal in 1974. He went to prison, appealed, and was again acquitted. In total, he served 10 months, suffering a heart attack while in solitary confinement. Many were also outraged at the invasion of privacy and the medical problems resulting from abortions taking place illegally in medically dangerous circumstances. Political movements soon coalesced around the legalization of abortion and liberalization of existing laws.

By the first half of the 20th century, many countries had begun to liberalize abortion laws, at least when performed to protect the woman's life and in some cases on the woman's request. Under Vladimir Lenin, the Soviet Union became the first modern state in legalizing abortions on request—the law was first introduced in the Russian SFSR in 1920, in the Ukrainian SSR in July 1921, and then in the whole country.[5][6] The Bolsheviks saw abortion as a social evil created by the capitalist system, which left women without the economic means to raise children, forcing them to perform abortions. The Soviet state initially preserved the tsarist ban on abortion, which treated the practice as premeditated murder. However, abortion had been practiced by Russian women for decades and its incidence skyrocketed further as a result of the Russian Civil War, which had left the country economically devastated and made it extremely difficult for many people to have children. The Soviet state recognized that banning abortion would not stop the practice because women would continue using the services of private abortionists. In rural areas, these were often old women who had no medical training, which made their services very dangerous to women's health. In November 1920 the Soviet regime legalized abortion in state hospitals. The state considered abortion as a temporary necessary evil, which would disappear in the future communist society, which would be able to provide for all the children conceived.[7] In 1936, Joseph Stalin placed prohibitions on abortions, which restricted them to medically recommended cases only, in order to increase population growth after the enormous loss of life in World War I and the Russian Civil War.[8][9][6] In the 1930s, several countries (Poland, Turkey, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Mexico) legalized abortion in some special cases (pregnancy from rape, threat to mother's health, fetal malformation). In Japan, abortion was legalized in 1948 by the Eugenic Protection Law,[10] amended in May 1949 to allow abortions for economic reasons.[11] Abortion was legalized in 1952 in Yugoslavia (on a limited basis), and again in 1955 in the Soviet Union on request. Some Soviet allies (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania) legalized abortion in the late 1950s under pressure from the Soviets.[12]

In the United Kingdom, the Abortion Act of 1967 clarified and prescribed abortions as legal up to 28 weeks (later reduced to 24 weeks). Other countries soon followed, including Canada (1969), the United States (1973 in most states, pursuant to Roe v. Wade—the U.S. Supreme Court decision which legalized abortion nationwide), Tunisia and Denmark (1973), Austria (1974), France and Sweden (1975), New Zealand (1977), Italy (1978), the Netherlands (1984), and Belgium (1990). However, these countries vary greatly in the circumstances under which abortion was to be permitted. In 1975, the West German Supreme Court struck down a law legalizing abortion, holding that they contradict the constitution's human rights guarantees. In 1976, a law was adopted which enabled abortions up to 12 weeks. After Germany's reunification, despite the legal status of abortion in former East Germany, a compromise was reached which deemed most abortions up to 12 weeks legal, but this law was struck down by the Federal Constitutional Court and amended to only remove the punishment in such cases, without any statement to legality. In jurisdictions governed under sharia law, abortion after the 120th day from conception (19 weeks from LMP) is illegal, especially for those who follow the recommendations of the Hanafi legal school, while most jurists of the Maliki legal school "believe that ensoulment occurs at the moment of conception, and they tend to forbid abortion at any point [similar to the Roman Catholic Church]. The other schools hold intermediate positions. [...] The penalty prescribed for an illegal abortion varies according to particular circumstances involved. According to sharia, it should be limited to a fine that is paid to the father or heirs of the fetus."[13]

Timeline

The table below lists in chronological order the United Nations member states that have legalized abortion on request in at least some initial part of the pregnancy, or that have fully decriminalized abortion. As of October 2022, 66 countries have legalized or decriminalized abortion on request.

Notes

Where a country has legalized abortion on request, prohibited it, and legalized it again (e.g., former Soviet Union, Romania), only the later year is included. Countries that result from the merger of states where abortion on request was legal at the moment of unification show the year when it became legal across the whole national territory (e.g., Germany, Vietnam). Similarly, countries where not all subnational jurisdictions have legalized abortion on request are not included (e.g., leading to the exclusion of Australia, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States). Countries are counted even if they were not yet independent at the time. The year refers to when the relevant law or judicial decision came into force, which may be different from the year when it was approved.

Year legalized	Countries	CpY	CC
1955	( Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Estonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Moldova Russia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan as part of the Soviet Union)	15	15
1957	China[14][lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]	1	16
1965	Cuba	1	17
1973	Denmark Tunisia[18]	2	19
1974	Singapore Sweden	2	21
1975	Austria France[lower-alpha 3] Vietnam[lower-alpha 4]	3	24
1977	( Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Montenegro North Macedonia Serbia Slovenia as part of Yugoslavia)	6	30
1978	Italy Luxembourg	2	32
1979	Norway[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6]	1	33
1983	Turkey	1	34
1984	Netherlands[lower-alpha 7]	1	35
1986	Cape Verde Greece	2	37
1987	( Czech Republic Slovakia as part of Czechoslovakia)[lower-alpha 8]	2	39
1988	Canada	1	40
1989	Mongolia[25]	1	41
1990	Belgium Bulgaria Romania	3	44
1992	Germany[lower-alpha 9]	1	45
1993	Guinea-Bissau[26][27]	1	46
1995	Guyana	1	47
1996	Albania[lower-alpha 10]	1	48
1997	Cambodia South Africa	2	50
2002	Nepal Switzerland	2	52
2007	Portugal	1	53
2010	Spain	1	54
2012	São Tomé and Príncipe[29] Uruguay	2	56
2015	Mozambique[lower-alpha 11]	1	57
2018	Cyprus	1	58
2019	Iceland Ireland[lower-alpha 12]	2	60
2020	New Zealand	1	61
2021	Argentina[lower-alpha 13] South Korea Thailand	3	64
2022	Colombia San Marino	2	66

International law

There are no international or multinational treaties that deal directly with abortion but human rights law and International criminal law touch on the issues.

The Nuremberg Military Tribunal decided the case of United States v Greifelt and Others (1948) on the basis that abortion was a crime within its jurisdiction according to the law defining crimes against humanity and thus within its definition of murder and extermination.[33]

The Catholic Church remains highly influential in Latin America, and opposes the legalisation of abortion.[34] The American Convention on Human Rights, which in 2013 had 23 Latin American parties, declares human life as commencing with conception. In Latin America, abortion on request is only legal in Cuba (1965), Uruguay (2012),[35] Argentina (2021),[32] Colombia (2022)[36] and in parts of Mexico.[37][38] Abortions are completely banned in the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, and only allowed in certain restricted circumstances in most other Latin American nations.[34]

In the 2010 case of A, B and C v Ireland, the European Court of Human Rights found that the European Convention on Human Rights did not include a right to an abortion.

In 2005, the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UN HRC) ordered Peru to compensate a woman (known as K.L.) for denying her a medically indicated abortion; this was the first time a United Nations Committee had held any country accountable for not ensuring access to safe, legal abortion, and the first time the committee affirmed that abortion is a human right.[39] K.L. received the compensation in 2016.[39] In the 2016 case of Mellet v Ireland, the UN HRC found Ireland's abortion laws violated International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights because Irish law banned abortion in cases of fatal fetal abnormalities.

National laws

While abortions are legal at least under certain conditions in almost all countries, these conditions vary widely. According to a United Nations (UN) report with data gathered up to 2019,[40] abortion is allowed in 98% of countries in order to save a woman's life. Other commonly-accepted reasons are preserving physical (72%) or mental health (69%), in cases of rape or incest (61%), and in cases of fetal impairment (61%). Performing an abortion because of economic or social reasons is accepted in 37% of countries. Performing abortion only on the basis of a woman's request is allowed in 34% of countries, including in Canada, most European countries and China.[40]

The exact scope of each legal ground also varies. For example, the laws of some countries cite health risks and fetal impairment as general grounds for abortion and allow a broad interpretation of such terms in practice, while other countries restrict them to a specific list of medical conditions or subcategories. Many countries that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for social, economic, rape, or incest reasons, and more for fetal impairment or threats to the woman's health or life.[40]^: 26

In some countries, additional procedures must be followed before the abortion can be carried out even if the basic grounds for it are met. For example, in Finland, where abortions are not granted based merely on a woman's request, approval for each abortion must be obtained from two doctors (or one in special circumstances).[41] The vast majority, 90% of abortions in Finland are performed for socio-economic reasons.[42] How strictly all of the procedures dictated in the legislation are followed in practice is another matter. For example, in the United Kingdom, a Care Quality Commission's report in 2012 found that several NHS clinics were circumventing the law, using forms pre-signed by one doctor, thus allowing abortions to patients who only met with one doctor.[43]

Summary tables

Legend
permitted	In many cases, abortion is permitted only up to a certain gestational age. If this limit is known and does not vary by subdivision, it is shown instead of "permitted".
permitted, with complex legality or practice
varies by subdivision
prohibited, with complex legality or practice
prohibited
unknown or unclear

Countries

The table below summarizes the legal grounds for abortion in all United Nations member states and United Nations General Assembly observer states and some countries with limited recognition. This table is mostly based on data compiled by the United Nations up to 2019,[44] with some updates, additions and clarifications citing other sources.

Legal grounds on which abortion is permitted in independent countries
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Abkhazia[45]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Afghanistan	permitted[lower-alpha 14]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited[lower-alpha 14]	prohibited[lower-alpha 14]	prohibited
Albania[28]	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	no limit	22 weeks	12 weeks
Algeria[52]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Andorra	prohibited[lower-alpha 15]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Angola[lower-alpha 16]	permitted	permitted	16 weeks	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Antigua and Barbuda[57]	permitted[lower-alpha 17]	prohibited[lower-alpha 18]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Argentina[32]	no limit	no limit	no limit	14 weeks	14 weeks	14 weeks
Armenia[60]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	22 weeks	12 weeks
Artsakh[61]	permitted	22 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks
Australia [subdivisions]	no limit	no limit	permitted	no limit	permitted	varies[lower-alpha 19]
Australian Capital Territory[64][65]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Christmas Island[lower-alpha 20]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks
Cocos Islands[lower-alpha 21]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks
Jervis Bay Territory[lower-alpha 22]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
New South Wales[69]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	22 weeks
Norfolk Island[lower-alpha 23]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	22 weeks
Northern Territory[71]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	prohibited[lower-alpha 24]
Queensland[72]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	22 weeks
South Australia[73]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks and 6 days	no limit	22 weeks and 6 days	22 weeks and 6 days
Tasmania[74]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	16 weeks
Victoria[75]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	24 weeks
Western Australia[76]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks
Austria[77]	no limit	no limit	3 months[lower-alpha 25]	no limit	3 months[lower-alpha 25]	3 months[lower-alpha 25]
Azerbaijan[78]	no limit	no limit	permitted	permitted	22 weeks	12 weeks
Bahamas[79]	permitted	permitted[lower-alpha 26]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Bahrain	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 27]	prohibited[lower-alpha 27]	prohibited[lower-alpha 27]	prohibited[lower-alpha 27]	prohibited[lower-alpha 27]
Bangladesh	no limit	prohibited[lower-alpha 28]	prohibited[lower-alpha 28]	prohibited[lower-alpha 28]	prohibited[lower-alpha 28]	prohibited[lower-alpha 28]
Barbados[82]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	no limit	12 weeks	prohibited
Belarus[lower-alpha 29]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	no limit	22 weeks	12 weeks
Belgium[86]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks[lower-alpha 30]	no limit	14 weeks[lower-alpha 30]	14 weeks[lower-alpha 30]
Belize	no limit	no limit	prohibited	no limit	permitted	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Benin[88]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	prohibited
Bhutan[lower-alpha 31]	180 days	180 days[lower-alpha 32]	180 days	180 days[lower-alpha 32]	prohibited	prohibited
Bolivia	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks[lower-alpha 33]	prohibited	prohibited
Bosnia and Herzegovina [subdivisions]	no limit	no limit	permitted	permitted	permitted	10 weeks
Brčko District[lower-alpha 34]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina[lower-alpha 34]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks
Republika Srpska[94]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	10 weeks
Botswana[95]	16 weeks	16 weeks	16 weeks	16 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Brazil	22 weeks[lower-alpha 35]	prohibited	22 weeks[lower-alpha 35]	prohibited[lower-alpha 35]	prohibited	prohibited
Brunei[100]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Bulgaria[101]	no limit	20 weeks	permitted	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks
Burkina Faso[102]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Burundi	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited[lower-alpha 36]	prohibited
Cambodia[104]	no limit	12 weeks	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks
Cameroon[105]	permitted	28 weeks	28 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Canada[lower-alpha 37] [subdivisions]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted
Alberta	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	20 weeks
British Columbia	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	23 weeks and 6 days
Manitoba	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	19 weeks and 6 days
New Brunswick	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	16 weeks
Newfoundland and Labrador	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	15 weeks
Northwest Territories	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	19 weeks and 6 days
Nova Scotia	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	16 weeks
Nunavut	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks
Ontario	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	23 weeks and 6 days
Prince Edward Island	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks and 6 days
Quebec	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	23 weeks and 6 days
Saskatchewan	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	18 weeks and 6 days
Yukon	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks and 6 days
Cape Verde[108]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Central African Republic	8 weeks	prohibited[lower-alpha 38]	8 weeks	8 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Chad	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Chile[110]	no limit	prohibited	12 weeks[lower-alpha 39]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
China[lower-alpha 1][111][112][lower-alpha 2]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted
Colombia	no limit[lower-alpha 40]	no limit[lower-alpha 40]	no limit[lower-alpha 40]	no limit[lower-alpha 40]	24 weeks[lower-alpha 40]	24 weeks[lower-alpha 40]
Comoros[115]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Congo	permitted[lower-alpha 41]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Costa Rica	permitted	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 42]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Croatia[119]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	10 weeks	10 weeks
Cuba[120][121]	no limit	22 weeks	no limit	35 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks
Cyprus[122]	permitted	permitted	19 weeks	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Czech Republic[123][124]	no limit	permitted[lower-alpha 43]	12 weeks	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks
Democratic Republic of the Congo	permitted[lower-alpha 44]	permitted[lower-alpha 45]	permitted[lower-alpha 45]	permitted[lower-alpha 45]	prohibited	prohibited
Denmark[128]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	12 weeks[lower-alpha 46]
Djibouti[129][130][131]	permitted	permitted[lower-alpha 26]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Dominica[132]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 47]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Dominican Republic[134]	prohibited[lower-alpha 48]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
East Timor[lower-alpha 49]	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Ecuador	permitted	permitted	permitted[lower-alpha 50]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Egypt[142][143]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
El Salvador[144]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Equatorial Guinea[145]	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Eritrea[146]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 51]	prohibited[lower-alpha 51]	prohibited[lower-alpha 51]
Estonia[147]	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks[lower-alpha 52]	22 weeks	12 weeks[lower-alpha 52]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 52]
Eswatini[148]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Ethiopia[149][150][151]	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	prohibited[lower-alpha 53]	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Fiji[153]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Finland[41][lower-alpha 54]	20 weeks	20 weeks	12 weeks	24 weeks	12 weeks	prohibited
France[155][lower-alpha 55]	no limit	no limit	16 weeks[lower-alpha 56]	no limit	16 weeks[lower-alpha 56]	16 weeks[lower-alpha 56]
Gabon[159]	10 weeks	prohibited[lower-alpha 57]	10 weeks	10 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Gambia[160][161][162]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Georgia[163][164]	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Germany	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks[lower-alpha 58]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 58]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 58]
Ghana	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Greece[167]	no limit	no limit	19 weeks	24 weeks	12 weeks[lower-alpha 59]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 59]
Grenada[168]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Guatemala[169][170]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Guinea	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Guinea-Bissau[26][171]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted
Guyana[172]	no limit	no limit	16 weeks	16 weeks	8 weeks[lower-alpha 60]	8 weeks[lower-alpha 60]
Haiti[lower-alpha 61]	permitted[lower-alpha 62]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Honduras[175]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Hungary	no limit	12 weeks[lower-alpha 63]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 63]	20 weeks[lower-alpha 64]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 63]	prohibited
Iceland[177]	no limit	no limit	permitted	no limit	permitted	22 weeks
India[178][179]	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks[lower-alpha 65]	24 weeks	prohibited
Indonesia[180]	no limit	prohibited	6 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Iran[181][182][183]	4 months	4 months	prohibited[lower-alpha 66]	4 months	prohibited	prohibited
Iraq	permitted[lower-alpha 67]	prohibited[lower-alpha 68]	prohibited	prohibited[lower-alpha 68]	prohibited	prohibited
Ireland[189]	viability[lower-alpha 69]	viability[lower-alpha 69]	12 weeks	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Israel	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted[lower-alpha 70]	prohibited[lower-alpha 70]
Italy[191]	no limit	viability	90 days	90 days	90 days	90 days
Ivory Coast	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 71]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 71]	prohibited	prohibited
Jamaica	permitted[lower-alpha 72]	permitted[lower-alpha 73]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Japan[198]	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	prohibited	22 weeks	prohibited
Jordan[199]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kazakhstan[200][201]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	no limit	22 weeks	12 weeks
Kenya[202][203]	permitted	permitted	permitted[lower-alpha 74]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kiribati[206]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kosovo[207]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	10 weeks
Kuwait[208]	permitted	4 months	prohibited	4 months	prohibited	prohibited
Kyrgyzstan[209][210]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks
Laos	permitted[lower-alpha 75]	28 weeks[lower-alpha 75]	28 weeks[lower-alpha 75]	28 weeks[lower-alpha 75]	28 weeks[lower-alpha 75]	prohibited[lower-alpha 75]
Latvia[214][215]	permitted	24 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Lebanon[216]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Lesotho[217]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Liberia[218]	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Libya[219][220]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Liechtenstein[221]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Lithuania[222]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks[lower-alpha 76]	no limit	12 weeks[lower-alpha 76]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 76]
Luxembourg[223]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks	no limit	14 weeks	14 weeks
Madagascar	prohibited[lower-alpha 77]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Malawi[227]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Malaysia[228]	22 weeks	22 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Maldives[lower-alpha 78]	no limit	prohibited	120 days	120 days[lower-alpha 79]	prohibited	prohibited
Mali[233][234]	permitted	permitted[lower-alpha 26]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Malta	prohibited[lower-alpha 80]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Marshall Islands	permitted[lower-alpha 62]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Mauritania[237][238]	permitted[lower-alpha 62]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Mauritius[239]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Mexico[240] [subdivisions]	varies[lower-alpha 81]	varies[lower-alpha 82]	permitted[lower-alpha 83]	varies[lower-alpha 82]	varies[lower-alpha 82]	varies[lower-alpha 82]
Aguascalientes[243]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Baja California[244]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Baja California Sur[245]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Campeche[246]	permitted	permitted	12 weeks[lower-alpha 83]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Chiapas[247]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	90 days[lower-alpha 83]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Chihuahua[248]	permitted	permitted	90 days[lower-alpha 83]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Coahuila[249]	permitted	permitted[lower-alpha 84]	90 days[lower-alpha 83]	permitted	permitted[lower-alpha 84]	permitted[lower-alpha 84]
Colima[250]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Durango[251]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Guanajuato[252]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Guerrero[253]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Hidalgo[254]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Jalisco[255]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Mexico City[256][257]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Mexico State[258]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	permitted	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Michoacán[259]	permitted	permitted	12 weeks[lower-alpha 83]	permitted	12 weeks	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Morelos[260]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	permitted	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Nayarit[261]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Nuevo León[262]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Oaxaca[263]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Puebla[264]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	permitted	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Querétaro[265]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Quintana Roo[266][267]	permitted	permitted	12 weeks[lower-alpha 83]	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
San Luis Potosí[268]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Sinaloa[269]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	13 weeks	13 weeks
Sonora[270]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Tabasco[271]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Tamaulipas[272]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Tlaxcala[273]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Veracruz[274]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Yucatán[275]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Zacatecas[276]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]	prohibited[lower-alpha 82]
Micronesia	permitted[lower-alpha 62]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Moldova[277]	21 weeks	21 weeks	21 weeks	21 weeks	21 weeks	12 weeks[lower-alpha 85]
Monaco	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Mongolia	23 weeks	23 weeks	permitted	permitted	14 weeks	14 weeks
Montenegro[278]	32 weeks	32 weeks	20 weeks	20 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks
Morocco[lower-alpha 86]	no limit	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Mozambique	no limit	no limit	16 weeks	24 weeks[lower-alpha 87]	12 weeks	12 weeks
Myanmar[284][285]	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Namibia	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Nauru[286]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Nepal[287]	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Netherlands[lower-alpha 88]	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks
New Zealand[288]	no limit	no limit	permitted	permitted	permitted	20 weeks
Nicaragua	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Niger	permitted	permitted	prohibited	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Nigeria [subdivisions]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Abia	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Adamawa	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Akwa Ibom	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Anambra	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Bauchi	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Bayelsa	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Benue	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Borno	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Cross River	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Delta	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Ebonyi	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Edo	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Ekiti	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Enugu	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Federal Capital Territory	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Gombe	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Imo	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Jigawa	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kaduna	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kano	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Katsina	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kebbi	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kogi	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kwara	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Lagos	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Nasarawa	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Niger	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Ogun	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Ondo	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Osun	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Oyo	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Plateau	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Rivers	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 89]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Sokoto	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Taraba	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Yobe	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Zamfara	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Northern Cyprus[291]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	10 weeks
North Korea	permitted[lower-alpha 90]	permitted[lower-alpha 90]	unclear[lower-alpha 90]	permitted[lower-alpha 90]	unclear[lower-alpha 90]	unclear[lower-alpha 90]
North Macedonia	no limit	no limit	22 weeks[lower-alpha 91]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 91]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 91]	12 weeks
Norway[lower-alpha 5]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks
Oman	permitted[lower-alpha 92]	permitted[lower-alpha 92]	prohibited	120 days[lower-alpha 92]	prohibited	prohibited
Pakistan[302][303]	no limit	organ formation[lower-alpha 93]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Palau	permitted[lower-alpha 94]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Palestine	permitted[lower-alpha 95]	prohibited[lower-alpha 95]	prohibited[lower-alpha 95]	prohibited[lower-alpha 95]	prohibited	prohibited
Panama[312][313]	no limit	prohibited	2 months	24 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Papua New Guinea[314]	permitted	prohibited[lower-alpha 96]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Paraguay[318]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Peru[319]	22 weeks	22 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Philippines[320]	prohibited[lower-alpha 97]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Poland[323]	no limit	no limit	13 weeks	prohibited[lower-alpha 98]	prohibited[lower-alpha 99]	prohibited
Portugal[326]	no limit	no limit	16 weeks	24 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks
Qatar[327][328]	no limit	4 months	prohibited	4 months	prohibited	prohibited
Romania[329]	no limit	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	14 weeks
Russia[330][331][332]	permitted	permitted	22 weeks	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks
Rwanda[333]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Saint Kitts and Nevis	permitted	permitted[lower-alpha 100]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Saint Lucia[336]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[337]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited
Samoa[338]	20 weeks	20 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
San Marino[339]	viability[lower-alpha 101]	viability	viability	12 weeks[lower-alpha 102]	12 weeks	12 weeks
São Tomé and Príncipe[29]	no limit	no limit	no limit	16 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Saudi Arabia[340]	no limit	4 months	prohibited[lower-alpha 103]	prohibited[lower-alpha 103]	prohibited	prohibited
Senegal[343]	permitted[lower-alpha 62]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Serbia[344][345]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	10 weeks	10 weeks
Seychelles	12 weeks[lower-alpha 104]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 104]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 104]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 104]	prohibited	prohibited
Sierra Leone	permitted[lower-alpha 105]	permitted[lower-alpha 105]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Singapore[355]	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks
Slovakia[356][357]	no limit	permitted[lower-alpha 106]	12 weeks	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks
Slovenia[358]	no limit	no limit	10 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks
Solomon Islands[359]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Somalia[360][361][lower-alpha 107]	permitted[lower-alpha 108]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
South Africa	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks	no limit	20 weeks	12 weeks
South Korea[lower-alpha 109]	permitted	24 weeks	24 weeks	permitted	permitted[lower-alpha 110]	permitted[lower-alpha 110]
South Ossetia[367]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted
South Sudan[368]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Spain[369]	22 weeks	22 weeks	14 weeks	22 weeks[lower-alpha 111]	14 weeks	14 weeks
Sri Lanka[370]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Sudan[371]	no limit	prohibited	90 days[lower-alpha 112]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Suriname	permitted[lower-alpha 113]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Sweden[373]	no limit	no limit	18 weeks	18 weeks	18 weeks	18 weeks
Switzerland[374]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Syria[375]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Taiwan[376][377]	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	no limit	24 weeks	prohibited
Tajikistan[378]	permitted	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks
Tanzania[lower-alpha 114]	no limit	permitted[lower-alpha 115]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Thailand[382][383]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Togo[384]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Tonga	permitted[lower-alpha 116]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Transnistria[387]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks[lower-alpha 117]	no limit	22 weeks[lower-alpha 117]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 117]
Trinidad and Tobago	permitted[lower-alpha 118]	permitted[lower-alpha 118]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Tunisia[18]	no limit	no limit	3 months	no limit	3 months	3 months
Turkey[391][392][393]	no limit	10 weeks	20 weeks	no limit	10 weeks	10 weeks
Turkmenistan[394]	no limit	no limit	permitted	permitted	22 weeks	5 weeks
Tuvalu[395]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Uganda	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Ukraine[396]	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks[lower-alpha 119]	12 weeks[lower-alpha 119]
United Arab Emirates	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited[lower-alpha 120]	prohibited	prohibited
United Kingdom [subdivisions]	no limit	no limit	permitted[lower-alpha 121]	no limit	24 weeks[lower-alpha 121]	varies[lower-alpha 122]
England[404]	no limit	no limit	permitted[lower-alpha 121]	no limit	24 weeks[lower-alpha 121]	prohibited
Northern Ireland[403]	no limit	no limit	permitted[lower-alpha 121]	no limit	24 weeks[lower-alpha 121]	12 weeks
Scotland[404]	no limit	no limit	permitted[lower-alpha 121]	no limit	24 weeks[lower-alpha 121]	prohibited
Wales[404]	no limit	no limit	permitted[lower-alpha 121]	no limit	24 weeks[lower-alpha 121]	prohibited
United States[405][406] [subdivisions]	no limit	varies[lower-alpha 123]	varies[lower-alpha 123]	varies[lower-alpha 123]	varies[lower-alpha 123]	varies[lower-alpha 123]
Alabama[407]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	prohibited[lower-alpha 124]	prohibited[lower-alpha 125]	prohibited
Alaska	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Arizona[409][410]	no limit	no limit[lower-alpha 126]	15 weeks[lower-alpha 126]	15 weeks[lower-alpha 126]	15 weeks[lower-alpha 126]	15 weeks[lower-alpha 126]
Arkansas[411][412]	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
California	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
Colorado	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Connecticut	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
Delaware	no limit	no limit	viability	no limit	viability	viability
District of Columbia	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Florida[413][414]	no limit	no limit	15 weeks	15 weeks[lower-alpha 127]	15 weeks	15 weeks
Georgia[415][416][417]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128]	no limit	heartbeat[lower-alpha 129]	heartbeat[lower-alpha 129]
Hawaii	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
Idaho[418][419][420][421]	no limit	no limit[lower-alpha 126]	viability	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Illinois	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
Indiana[422]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]
Iowa	no limit	no limit	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128]
Kansas	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks
Kentucky[423][424][425]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Louisiana[426][427]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	prohibited[lower-alpha 130]	prohibited	prohibited
Maine	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
Maryland	no limit	no limit	viability	no limit	viability	viability
Massachusetts	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks
Michigan	no limit	no limit[lower-alpha 126]	viability[lower-alpha 126]	viability[lower-alpha 126]	viability[lower-alpha 126]	viability[lower-alpha 126]
Minnesota	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
Mississippi[429][430][431]	no limit	prohibited	20 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Missouri[432]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Montana	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
Nebraska	no limit	no limit	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128]
Nevada	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks
New Hampshire[433]	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks
New Jersey	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
New Mexico[434]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
New York	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
North Carolina[435][436][437]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks	20 weeks	20 weeks
North Dakota[438]	no limit	no limit[lower-alpha 126]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]
Ohio[439][440]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]
Oklahoma[441][442][443]	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Oregon	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Pennsylvania	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks
Rhode Island	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
South Carolina[444][445]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128]	no limit	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]	22 weeks[lower-alpha 128][lower-alpha 126]
South Dakota[446]	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Tennessee[447][448]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Texas[449][450]	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Utah[451][452][453]	no limit	no limit	no limit	18 weeks[lower-alpha 131][lower-alpha 126]	18 weeks[lower-alpha 126]	18 weeks[lower-alpha 126]
Vermont	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Virginia	no limit	no limit	6 months	6 months	6 months	6 months
Washington	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
West Virginia[454]	no limit	no limit	11 weeks[lower-alpha 132]	prohibited[lower-alpha 133]	prohibited	prohibited
Wisconsin[455][456]	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Wyoming[457][458]	no limit	no limit	viability	viability[lower-alpha 126]	viability[lower-alpha 126]	viability[lower-alpha 126]
Uruguay[459][460]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks[lower-alpha 134]	no limit	12 weeks[lower-alpha 134]	12 weeks
Uzbekistan[462]	permitted	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks
Vanuatu[463]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Vatican City	prohibited[lower-alpha 135]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Venezuela[471][472]	22 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Vietnam[473][474]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	22 weeks[lower-alpha 136]
Yemen[478]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Zambia[479]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited
Zimbabwe[480][481]	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks[lower-alpha 137]	22 weeks	prohibited[lower-alpha 138]	prohibited[lower-alpha 138]
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request

Autonomous jurisdictions

The table below summarizes the legal grounds for abortion in autonomous jurisdictions not included in the previous table.

Legal grounds on which abortion is permitted in other autonomous jurisdictions
Jurisdiction	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Akrotiri and Dhekelia[484]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	permitted	permitted	prohibited
American Samoa[485]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Anguilla[486]	no limit	28 weeks	prohibited	28 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Aruba[487]	permitted[lower-alpha 139]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Bermuda[488]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
British Virgin Islands[489]	no limit	28 weeks	prohibited	28 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Cayman Islands[490]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Cook Islands[491][lower-alpha 140]	permitted	permitted[lower-alpha 141]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Curaçao[495]	permitted[lower-alpha 139]	prohibited[lower-alpha 142]	prohibited[lower-alpha 142]	prohibited[lower-alpha 142]	prohibited[lower-alpha 142]	prohibited[lower-alpha 142]
Falkland Islands[497]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	no limit	24 weeks	prohibited
Faroe Islands[498]	no limit	no limit	16 weeks	16 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
French Polynesia[lower-alpha 143]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks[lower-alpha 144]	no limit	14 weeks[lower-alpha 144]	14 weeks[lower-alpha 144]
Gibraltar[501]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks[lower-alpha 145]	no limit	12 weeks	prohibited
Greenland[503]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	12 weeks
Guam[504][505]	no limit	no limit[lower-alpha 146]	26 weeks[lower-alpha 146]	26 weeks[lower-alpha 146]	13 weeks[lower-alpha 146]	13 weeks[lower-alpha 146]
Guernsey [subdivisions]	permitted[lower-alpha 147]	permitted[lower-alpha 147]	prohibited	varies[lower-alpha 148]	varies[lower-alpha 148]	prohibited
Alderney[508]	permitted[lower-alpha 147]	permitted[lower-alpha 147]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Guernsey[509]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	no limit	24 weeks	prohibited
Sark[508]	permitted[lower-alpha 147]	permitted[lower-alpha 147]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Hong Kong[510]	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks	prohibited
Isle of Man[511]	no limit	no limit	23 weeks	no limit	23 weeks	14 weeks
Jersey[512]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	24 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Macau[513]	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Montserrat[514]	no limit	viability	prohibited	viability	prohibited	prohibited
New Caledonia[lower-alpha 143]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks[lower-alpha 144]	no limit	14 weeks[lower-alpha 144]	14 weeks[lower-alpha 144]
Niue	permitted[lower-alpha 149]	permitted[lower-alpha 149]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Northern Mariana Islands[520]	prohibited[lower-alpha 150]	prohibited[lower-alpha 150]	prohibited[lower-alpha 150]	prohibited[lower-alpha 150]	prohibited[lower-alpha 150]	prohibited[lower-alpha 150]
Pitcairn Islands[lower-alpha 151]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	no limit	24 weeks	prohibited
Puerto Rico[524]	no limit	no limit	no limit[lower-alpha 152]	no limit[lower-alpha 152]	no limit[lower-alpha 152]	prohibited[lower-alpha 152]
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha[lower-alpha 153]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	no limit	24 weeks	prohibited
Sint Maarten[529]	permitted[lower-alpha 139]	prohibited[lower-alpha 154]	prohibited[lower-alpha 154]	prohibited[lower-alpha 154]	prohibited[lower-alpha 154]	prohibited[lower-alpha 154]
Tokelau[530]	permitted[lower-alpha 155]	permitted[lower-alpha 155]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Turks and Caicos Islands[532]	permitted[lower-alpha 156]	permitted[lower-alpha 156]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
U.S. Virgin Islands[533]	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks
Wallis and Futuna[lower-alpha 143]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks[lower-alpha 144]	no limit	14 weeks[lower-alpha 144]	14 weeks[lower-alpha 144]
Jurisdiction	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request

Comparative limits for countries with elective abortions

Legal limits may not be directly comparable. Limits may be expressed in trimesters, months, weeks of pregnancy (implantation), weeks from fertilization, or weeks from last menstrual period (LMP).

Color-coded map illustrating the term limits of elective abortion in Europe (in weeks from last menstrual period, fertilization or implantation)

Illegal

Legal but generally unavailable (Northern Ireland)

Legal first 5 weeks (Turkmenistan)

Legal first 10 weeks

Legal first 11 weeks (Estonia)

Legal first 12 weeks

Legal first 13 weeks (3 months, Austria, Tunisia)

Legal first 14 weeks

Legal first 18 weeks

Legal first 22 weeks (Iceland)

Legal first 24 weeks

Technically illegal, but generally available through 12 weeks (Finland)

Technically illegal, but generally available through 24 weeks (Great Britain)

Technically 12 weeks, but generally available through 22 weeks (ex-USSR)

Technically 12 weeks, but generally available through 28 weeks (ex-USSR)

Legal if the pregnancy is not from marriage; generally available under exemptions (Israel)

A color-coded map illustrating the current legal status of elective-specific abortion procedures in each of the individual 50 states of the United States of America; plus U.S. territories and federal district[lower-alpha 157]
As of October 8, 2022 (UTC)

Illegal

Legally unclear or legal but no providers

Legal before cardiac-cell activity[lower-alpha 158]

Legal through 15th week LMP (1st trimester)

Legal through 18th week LMP

Legal through 20th week LMP

Legal through 22nd week LMP (5 months)

Legal before fetal viability[lower-alpha 159]

Legal through 24th week LMP (5½ months)

Legal before third trimester[lower-alpha 160]

Legal at any stage

A colored border indicates that a more stringent restriction or ban, corresponding to the key, is blocked by the courts.
* LMP is the time since the onset of the last menstrual period.

Color-coded map illustrating availability of abortion in Canada, in weeks of embryonic age (from fertilization). Abortion is legal at all stages in Canada, but availability is subject to medical guidelines.

Available first 12 weeks (PEI)

Available first 13 weeks

Available first 16 weeks

Available first 19 weeks

Available first 20 weeks

Available first 24 weeks

Available first 25 weeks

Countries with more restrictive laws

Supporter of legalized abortion at a rally in Paraná, Argentina. Argentina had restrictive laws until 2021.

According to a report by Women on Waves, approximately 25% of the world's population lives in countries with "highly restrictive abortion laws"—that is, laws which either completely ban abortion, or allow it only to save the mother's life. This category includes several countries in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, the Asia-Pacific region, as well as Malta in Europe.[lower-alpha 161][534] The Center for Reproductive Rights report that "[t]he inability to access safe and legal abortion care impacts 700 million women of reproductive age."[535]

Some of the countries of Central America, notably El Salvador, have also come to international attention due to very forceful enforcement of the laws, including the incarceration of a gang-rape victim for homicide when she gave birth to a stillborn son and was accused of attempting an illegal abortion.[536][537][538]

Beginning of pregnancy controversy

Controversy over the beginning of pregnancy occurs in different contexts, particularly in a legal context, and is particularly discussed within the abortion debate from the point of measuring the gestational age of the pregnancy. Pregnancy can be measured from a number of convenient points, including the day of last menstruation, ovulation, fertilization, implantation and chemical detection. A common medical way to calculate gestational age is to measure pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual cycle.[lower-alpha 162] However, not all legal systems use this measure for the purpose of abortion law; for example countries such as Belgium, France, and Luxembourg use the term "pregnancy" in the abortion law to refer to the time elapsed from the sexual act that led to conception, which is presumed to be 2 weeks after the end of the last menstrual period.[lower-alpha 163]

Exceptions in abortion law

Exceptions in abortion laws occur either in countries where abortion is as a general rule illegal or in countries that have abortion on request with gestational limits. For example, if a country allows abortion on request until 12 weeks, it may create exceptions to this general gestation limit for later abortions in specific circumstances.[544]

There are a few exceptions commonly found in abortion laws. Legal domains which do not have abortion on demand will often allow it when the health of the mother is at stake. "Health of the mother" may mean something different in different areas: for example, prior to December 2018, the Republic of Ireland allowed abortion only to save the mother's life, whereas abortion opponents in the United States argue health exceptions are used so broadly as to render a ban essentially meaningless.[545]

Laws allowing abortion in cases of rape or incest often differ. For example, before Roe v. Wade, thirteen U.S. states allowed abortion in the case of either rape or incest, but only Mississippi permitted abortion of pregnancies due to rape, and no state permitted it for just incest.[546]

Many countries allow abortion only through the first or second trimester, and some may allow abortion in cases of fetal defects, e.g., Down syndrome, or where the pregnancy is the result of a sexual crime.

Other related laws

Laws in some countries with liberal abortion laws protect access to abortion services. Such legislation often seeks to guard abortion clinics against obstruction, vandalism, picketing, and other actions, or to protect patients and employees of such facilities from threats and harassment. Other laws create a perimeter around a facility, known variously as a "buffer zone", "bubble zone", or "access zone", where demonstrations opposing abortion are not permitted. Protests and other displays are restricted to a certain distance from the building, which varies depending on the law. Similar zones have also been created to protect the homes of abortion providers and clinic staff. Bubble zone laws are divided into "fixed" and "floating" categories. Fixed bubble zone laws apply to the static area around the facility itself, and floating laws to objects in transit, such as people or cars.[547] Because of conflicts between anti-abortion activists on one side and women seeking abortion and medical staff who provides abortion on the other side, some laws are quite strict: in South Africa for instance, any person who prevents the lawful termination of a pregnancy or obstructs access to a facility for the termination of a pregnancy faces up to 10 years in prison (section 10.1 (c) of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act[548]).

On 3 November 2020, an association of 20 Kenyan charities urged the government of Kenya to withdraw from the Geneva Consensus Declaration (GCD), a US-led international accord that sought to limit access to abortion for girls and women around the world. GCD was signed by 33 nations, on 22 October 2020.[549]

Judicial decisions

Year	Jurisdiction	Description	Abortion access affirmed or expanded?
1879	Canada	Abortion trial of Emily Stowe
1938	United Kingdom	R v Bourne Abortion in case of risk to physical or mental health included in risk to life. The decision was also implemented by some British territories and their successors.[350]	Yes
1952	Canada	Azoulay v R[550]
1969	Victoria (Australia)	R v Davidson[lower-alpha 164] Abortion allowed in case of risk to life, and physical or mental health.[551]	Yes
1971	United States	United States v. Vuitch	Restrictions upheld
1971	New South Wales (Australia)	R v Wald Abortion in case of socioeconomic reasons included in risk to physical or mental health.	Yes
1973	United States	Doe v. Bolton Abortion allowed after viability if necessary to protect her health.
1973	United States	Roe v. Wade Abortion allowed on demand in the entire country.
1975	Germany	German Federal Constitutional Court abortion decision	Law restricted
1976	Canada	Morgentaler v R	Restrictions upheld
1976	United States	Planned Parenthood v. Danforth	Legalization upheld
1979		Maher v. Roe
1979		Colautti v. Franklin
1980	Puerto Rico	Pueblo v. Duarte Application of Roe v. Wade to Puerto Rico.[524]	Yes
1980	United States	Harris v. McRae
1981	United States	H. L. v. Matheson	Restrictions upheld
1981	Israel	A. v. B. Paternal consent not required.	Yes
1983	United States	City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health	Yes
1986	United States	Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
1988	Canada	R v Morgentaler	Yes
1989	Canada	Borowski v Canada (AG)
	United States	Webster v. Reproductive Health Services	Restrictions upheld
	Canada	Tremblay v Daigle	Yes
1990	United States	Hodgson v. Minnesota	Yes
1991	United States	Rust v. Sullivan
1992	Ireland	Attorney General v. X Abortion allowed in case of risk to life, including risk of suicide.	Yes
1992	United States	Planned Parenthood v. Casey	Yes
1993	United States	Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic
	Germany	2 BvF 2/90[165]
	Canada	R v Morgentaler	Yes
1995	New South Wales (Australia)	CES v. Superclinics Physical or mental health should be considered not only during the pregnancy but also after the birth.	Yes
1997	Poland	K 26/96 Abortion for economic or social reasons ruled unconstitutional.[325]	Law restricted
1997	United States	Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
1998	South Africa	Christian Lawyers Association v Minister of Health Law allowing abortion on demand ruled constitutional.	Legalization upheld
2000	United States	Hill v. Colorado
2000	United States	Stenberg v. Carhart Supreme Court struck down Nebraska's partial-birth abortion ban.	Yes
2001	Argentina	T., S. v. Government of Buenos Aires City[552]	Yes
2003	United States	Scheidler v. National Organization for Women
2006		Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England
		Scheidler v. National Organization for Women
		Gonzales v. Carhart Supreme Court upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003.	Restrictions upheld
	Colombia	Constitutional Court allowed abortion in case of danger to woman's life or health, rape, and fetal deformation.[114]	Yes
	Council of Europe	D v Ireland
	New South Wales (Australia)	R v Sood[553]
2007	Council of Europe	Tysiąc v Poland[554]
2007	Slovakia	Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion on demand constitutional.[555]	Legalization upheld
2008	Nepal	Achyut Kharel v. Government of Nepal [556]
2009	Council of Europe	A, B and C v Ireland The court rejected the argument that article 8 conferred a right to abortion, but found that Ireland had violated the European Convention on Human Rights by failing to provide an accessible and effective procedure by which a woman can have established whether she qualifies for a legal abortion.	Yes
2009	Nepal	Lakshmi v. Government of Nepal Supreme Court upheld and expanded legal abortion.[557]	Yes
2011	United Kingdom	British Pregnancy Advisory Service v Secretary of State for Health[558]
2012	Argentina	F., A. L. Abortion allowed in case of rape of any woman, regardless of her mental health.[559]	Yes
	Brazil	ADPF 54 Abortion allowed in case of anencephaly.[560]	Yes
	Council of Europe	P. and S. v. Poland[561]
2013	El Salvador	Case of "Beatriz"[562]
2014	Bolivia	Ruling 0206/2014[563]
2014	Ireland	P.P. v. Health Service Executive
2015	Dominican Republic	Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases unconstitutional.[564]	Law restricted
2015	Rwanda	RPA 0787/15/HC/KIG[565]
2016	United States	Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt	Yes
2016	United Nations	Mellet v Ireland
2017	Chile	Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases constitutional.[110]	Yes
2017	Croatia	Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion on demand constitutional.[566]	Legalization upheld
2018	United Kingdom	Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission v Department of Justice[567]
2019	South Korea	Abortion allowed on request. Decision took effect in 2021.[365]	Yes
	Australia	Clubb v Edwards
	Kenya	FIDA-Kenya and Others v. Attorney General and Others Abortion allowed in case of rape.[204]	Yes
2020	Poland	K 1/20 Abortion in case of fetal deformity ruled unconstitutional. The decision was implemented on 27 January 2021.[324]	Law restricted
	Thailand	Ruling No. 4/2563[568]
	Colombia	Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases constitutional rejecting both total ban and legalization.[569]	Law upheld
2021	Ecuador	Abortion allowed in case of rape of any woman, regardless of her mental health.[141]	Yes
	Mexico	Deadlines in case of pregnancy after rape ruled unconstitutional.[241][242]
		Penalties for abortion ruled unconstitutional.[37][38]
		[570]
		[571][572]
	Inter-American Court of Human Rights	Manuela and Others v. El Salvador[573]
	United States	United States v. Texas	Restrictions upheld
	United States	Whole Woman's Health v. Jackson	Restrictions upheld
2022	Colombia	Constitutional Court decriminalized abortion up to 24 weeks of gestation.[36]	Yes
	United States	Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization States may now ban or restrict abortion before viablilty, Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey overturned.	Law restricted
	India	Abortion allowed under the same criteria regardless of marital status.[574]	Yes

Notes

Mainland China.
In 2021, the Chinese government issued guidelines reducing "non-medically necessary" abortions as a "step toward women's development".[15] The guidelines do not provide detail on what a "non-medically necessary" abortion is, nor what specific policies the government has planned to achieve this goal.[16][17]
In some parts of Overseas France, abortion on request became legal in 2001.[19][20][21]
Year when all subnational jurisdictions legalized abortion on request.
Including Svalbard.[299]
The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1978 and came into force in 1979.[22]
In the Caribbean Netherlands, abortion on request became legal in 2011.[23][24]
The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1986 and came into force in 1987.
After explicit legalization struck down by supreme court decision, the law only removes punishment for abortion on request but with no statement about its legality.
The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1995 and came into force in 1996.[28]
The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2014 and came into force in 2015.[30]
The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2018 and came into force in 2019.[31]
The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2020 and came into force in 2021.[32]
The law of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan consisted primarily of statutory law and a limited use of Islamic jurisprudence.[46] The Afghan penal code criminalized abortion and only removed the penalty if the abortion was prescribed by a doctor to save the woman's life,[47][48] but other sources said that Afghanistan also allowed abortion in case of fetal impairment,[49] and rarely for economic reasons if accepted by a religious council.[50] After the 2021 Taliban offensive, the new government announced its intention to implement Islamic law exclusively, and it is unclear which legal grounds for abortion it accepts.[51]
The UN source says that this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[53] However, other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in Andorra.[54]
The UN source incorrectly shows Angola as allowing abortion on request, citing a penal code draft from 2014 that did not become law.[55] The version of the penal code enacted in 2020 and entered into force in 2021 allows abortion only in certain circumstances.[56]
A 2001 UN source says that abortion must be performed within the first 16 weeks and that it may be permitted after this period under very exceptional circumstances.[58]
Before independence, a judicial decision in the parent country allowed abortion for this ground, but the decision has not been explicitly recognized by Antigua and Barbuda.[58][59]^: 14
Abortion for this ground is permitted in all subdivisions except the Northern Territory.[62][63]
Applies the laws of Western Australia.[66]
Applies the laws of Western Australia.[67]
Applies the laws of the Australian Capital Territory.[68]
Applies the laws of New South Wales.[70]
Abortion up to 24 weeks may be performed if the medical practitioner considers the abortion is appropriate in all the circumstances, having regard to all relevant medical circumstances, the woman's current and future physical, psychological and social circumstances, and professional standards and guidelines. Later abortion may be performed, if two medical practitioners consider the abortion is appropriate in all the circumstances, having regard to the mentioned matters.[71] These criteria are not considered as allowing abortion on request.[62][63]
If the woman was under age 14 when getting pregnant, no limit is specified.
The penal code says that abortion is permitted for therapeutic purposes but is unclear whether it means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health. The UN source marks it as a permitted ground.
The UN source marks it as a legal ground because the Penal Code explicitly prohibits abortion only if performed without the consent of the woman and of a medical practitioner.[80] However, the decree regulating medical practice prohibits abortion unless the pregnancy threatens the woman's life.[81]
The UN source does not explicitly mark this legal ground for abortion but says that "Menstrual regulation is available on request for women with a last menstrual period of 10 weeks or less."[44]
The law permits abortion for medical reasons without gestational limit, for social reasons up to 22 weeks of gestation, and on request up to 12 weeks of gestation.[83] By regulation, fetal impairment is included as a medical reason,[84] and rape is included as a social reason.[85]
Defined as 12 weeks from conception, considered as 14 weeks from the last menstrual period.[87]
The penal code prohibits abortion except to save the woman's life, when the pregnancy is a result of rape or incest, or when the woman is of unsound mental condition.[89] Guidelines for health workers mention grounds of risk to the woman's health and fetal impairment, and define a gestational limit of 180 days.[90]
This ground is only cited in guidelines for health workers, not by law.[89][90]
This ground is established by a regulation implementing a judicial decision, although it is not mentioned in the decision itself or in the law.[91]
Continues to apply the abortion law of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[92][93]
The penal code criminalizes abortion and only removes the penalty if the abortion is done to save the woman's life or if the pregnancy is the result of rape.[96] Due to a decision by the Supreme Federal Court, abortion is also permitted in case of anencephaly, and it may also be authorized by court order in other fatal cases of fetal impairment.[97][98][99]
The penal code says that social demands are taken into account in a conviction for abortion.[103] It is unclear if this circumstance reduces the penalty or may remove it.
There is no abortion law in Canada, but its subdivisions and professional bodies have regulations restricting the procedure to various grounds or gestational limits.[106][107]
The penal code says that abortion may be permitted to an underage woman in a state of grave distress up to 8 weeks.[109]
If the woman is under age 14, the gestational limit is 14 weeks.
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[113][114][36]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[116] The Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is declared to be an integral part of the constitution, says that "Abortion, other than therapeutic, is prohibited and punishable by law."[117] The UN source says that this ground is accepted as a general legal principle.[40]
A judicial pardon may be granted to the woman for an abortion on this ground.[118]
In some cases, the gestational limit is 12 or 24 weeks.
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle, allowed by regulation and established by treaty.[125][126]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by treaty, whose application is requested by the Constitutional Court.[125][127]
If the woman is of young age or immature and so unable to care for the child in a proper way, no limit is specified.
Before independence, a judicial decision in the parent country allowed abortion for this ground, but the decision has not been explicitly recognized by Dominica.[133]
The UN source says that this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle. However, other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in the Dominican Republic.[135][136]
The UN source shows East Timor as allowing abortion also in case of risk to the woman's health or fetal impairment, citing the penal code enacted in March 2009 and entered into force in June 2009.[137][138] However, the penal code was amended in July 2009 to restrict abortion only to save the woman's life.[139][138][140]
This ground is explicitly mentioned in the law only in case of rape of a woman with a mental disability, but it is also established by judicial decision in case of rape of any woman.[141]
Abortion is permitted if the woman is under age 18.
If the woman is under age 15 or over age 45, the gestational limit is 22 weeks.
extreme poverty[152]
Including Åland.[154]
Including Overseas France, except French Polynesia, New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna.[156][157]
Defined as 14 weeks of pregnancy, considered as 16 weeks from the last menstrual period.[158]
The penal code says that abortion may be permitted to an underage woman in a state of grave distress up to 10 weeks.
Abortion for this ground is not explicitly lawful, but the criminal code specifies that abortion is not punished if the woman requests it, has obtained counselling, and it is done within 12 weeks from conception. The woman's living conditions are also taken into account in the indication of a serious risk to her health.[165][166]
If the woman is a minor or incapable of resisting, the gestational limit is 19 weeks.
If the woman is HIV-positive or contraception failure, the gestational limit is 16 weeks.
A new penal code, published by presidential decree on 24 June 2020, would allow abortion on request in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. The code is set to take effect on 24 June 2024 unless modified before then.[173][174]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.
Up to 18 weeks if the woman is incapacitated or did not recognize the pregnancy due to illness or medical error, or in case of failure of a health institution.[176]
Up to 24 weeks in case of prolongation of the diagnostic procedure, or no limit in case of fetal abnormality incompatible with life after birth.[176]
No limit in case of "substantial foetal abnormalities".[178]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law,[184] but it may be included in other legal grounds if the pregnancy causes unbearable hardship, such as significant harm to mental health or risk of suicide.[185]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[186][187]
This ground is only cited in instructions to health committees, not by law.[188]
If the risk to life or health is immediate, no gestational limit is specified.
Abortion is permitted if the woman is under age 18 or over age 40, or if she is not married or the pregnancy is not from marriage.[190]
The UN source marks it as a legal ground but it is only established by treaty, not by law and not implemented as of 2020.[192][193]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle and established by judicial decision.[194][195][196][197]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[194][195][196][197]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[204] It is also mentioned in the National Guidelines on Management of Sexual Violence.[205]
The penal code prohibits "unlawful abortion", defined as "abortion not authorized by medical doctor commission". The penal code also lists the principles of legitimate defense and necessity to save one's life, which lead to exemption from penal liability.[211] A decision by the Ministry of Health states that abortion is medically authorized, up to 28 weeks of gestation, due to certain medical conditions of the woman or fetus, rape, contraception failure, and certain socioeconomic conditions of the woman or her family.[212] A WHO source also shows Laos as allowing abortion on request up to 12 weeks of gestation, citing guidelines for health workers from 2016,[213] but they were issued before the penal code of 2017 defined "unlawful abortion" and are not mentioned in the decision by the Ministry of Health of 2021.
If the woman is under age 13 or over age 49, no limit is specified.
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[224] The UN source says that it is accepted as a general legal principle,[40] but other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in Madagascar.[225][226]
The law of Maldives is a combination of statutory and Islamic law.[229] The Maldivian penal code criminalizes abortion after 120 days of gestation, except for risk to the woman's life.[230] The Maldivian Islamic jurisprudence allows abortion only for risk to the woman's life, without gestational limit, or in cases of rape, incest, or certain medical conditions of a fetus conceived in marriage, up to 120 days of gestation.[231][232]
Only for certain medical conditions of a fetus conceived in marriage.[231][232]
Law prohibits abortion without exceptions. In practice only indirect abortion is allowed under the principle of double effect.[235][236]
Abortion for this ground is permitted by law in all subdivisions except Guanajuato and Querétaro. In these two states, people who violate it may be prosecuted but not imprisoned, and they may request judicial relief by amparo.[37][38]
Abortion for this ground is permitted by law in some states and Mexico City. In other states, people who violate it may be prosecuted but not imprisoned, and they may request judicial relief by amparo.[37][38]
The penal codes of some states specify a gestational limit for abortion in case of rape. However, in July 2021, the Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional to set a limit for abortion on this ground.[241][242]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[37][38]
If the woman is under age 15 or over age 40, the gestational limit is 21 weeks.
In 2016, the government of Morocco proposed allowing abortion in cases of rape, incest, mental disability and fetal impairment. However, the parliament did not approve the proposal,[279][280] and as of 2021 the abortion articles in the penal code remain unchanged.[281][282]
May be permitted with no gestational limit in case the fetus is not viable.[283]
Including the Caribbean Netherlands.[23][24]
The Criminal Code of the predecessor of Nigeria prohibited abortion except to save the woman's life. A judicial decision on a similar law in the parent country allowed abortion also to preserve the woman's health, but the West African Court of Appeal, despite applying the reasoning of the parent country's decision, affirmed only the ground to save the woman's life in Nigerian law. The Criminal Code and its judicial precedent remain in force in the southern states of Nigeria. In the states corresponding to the former Northern Region, the Penal Code replaced the Criminal Code and its judicial precedent, and it also prohibits abortion except to save the woman's life.[289][290]
The criminal law of North Korea, as amended up to 2015, does not mention abortion.[292][293] In 2015 the North Korean government issued a directive prohibiting medical professionals from performing abortions but did not indicate a penalty for doing so.[294] In 2016, the government stated that abortion was "legal" and "provided upon request by the woman concerned for reasons of risks to her life, physical and mental health and fetal malformation", but it is unclear whether these were the only permitted reasons.[295] It has also been reported that repatriated pregnant women are forced to have abortions to prevent children of mixed ethnicity.[296][297]
May be permitted with no gestational limit in some cases.[298]
The penal law prohibits abortion without any explicit exception, but it exempts from penal liability actions done by necessity to protect oneself or others from a severe and imminent danger, and in the practice of agreed medical activities or urgent medical intervention.[300] The law regulating medical practice prohibits abortion except for risk to the woman's life or of unbearable illness, and in case of fetal impairment up to 120 days of gestation.[301]
Different sources specify this limit as 120 days or four months of gestation.[304][305]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[306] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.
The law prohibits abortion except to save the woman's life.[307] However, some sources say that abortion may also be permitted for health reasons and in cases of rape and fetal impairment,[308][309][310] while other sources say that it is not possible to obtain an abortion in any circumstance.[311]
The law prohibits abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it, and it explicitly permits abortion to preserve the woman's life.[314] An opinion of the State Solicitor in 1982, based on court decisions on identical laws in the former parent country, considered that preservation of the woman's health was also a legal ground for abortion.[315][316] However, in 2018, in the case of a woman who had aborted at four months of pregnancy due to risk to health, the Supreme Court acquitted her because she had been wrongly charged for the crime of killing an unborn child, which only applies shortly before birth (section 312), but ruled that she should have still been charged for the crime of abortion (section 225).[317]
The law prohibits abortion without explicitly mentioning any exception,[320] but in 2014 the Supreme Court ruled that indirect abortion done to save the woman's life was permitted under the principle of double effect.[321][322]
This ground was mentioned in the law but it was invalidated by a judicial decision in 2020.[324]
This ground was mentioned in the law but it was invalidated by a judicial decision in 1997.[325]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[334][335][59]^: 14
In case of risk to the woman's life after fetal viability, the pregnancy may also be interrupted by attempting a live birth.
Permitted until fetal viability in case of a fetal anomaly that poses a risk to the woman's health.
Abortion may also permitted up to 40 days of gestation for other reasons that are not economic or social concerns.[340][341][342]
In some cases, abortion may be allowed up to fetal viability or 26 weeks of gestation.[346][347]
Sierra Leone established that the laws in force in England in 1880 would be in force in Sierra Leone from 1965.[348] One of these laws prohibited abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it.[349] A judicial decision in England in 1938 clarified that this law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[350] It is unclear whether Sierra Leone applies only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.[351][352] In 2015 the parliament of Sierra Leone passed a law allowing abortion on request but it was not signed by the president so it did not come into force.[353][354]
In some cases, the gestational limit is 12 weeks.
Including Somaliland.[362][363]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.
The laws of South Korea prohibited abortion except for risk to the woman's health, rape, incest, or certain medical conditions, up to 24 weeks of gestation.[364] On 11 April 2019, the Constitutional Court ruled that the abortion restrictions were unconstitutional, giving the legislature until the end of 2020 to amend the laws to allow abortion on request with some gestational limit. In October 2020 the government proposed a limit of 14 weeks for abortion on request and 24 weeks for certain other cases, but the legislature did not approve this or any other proposal on the subject before the end of the year, so the abortion laws became automatically invalid on 1 January 2021.[365] As of August 2021, the legislature had still not approved any of the proposals, leaving abortion decriminalized without a clear gestational limit.[366]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[365]
In case of a fatal anomaly, no limit is specified.
From conception.
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[372] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.
In mainland Tanzania, articles 150 to 152 of the penal code prohibit abortion done "unlawfully", and article 230 of the same law permits abortion to preserve the woman's life. Article 219 additionally prohibits "child destruction", meaning abortion after fetal viability, presumed at 28 weeks of pregnancy, but still permits it to preserve the woman's life.[379] In Zanzibar, the penal act has equivalent articles 129 to 131, 213 and 200.[380]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. A judicial decision by the East African Court of Appeal, with jurisdiction over the predecessors of Tanzania, allowed abortion also to preserve the woman's health, and sources state that this decision remains binding after independence.[381]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[385] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[386]
If the woman is HIV-positive, a minor, or over age 40, no limit is specified.
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[388] but it is accepted as a general legal principle and established by judicial decision.[389][390]
If the woman is under age 15 or over age 45, the gestational limit is 22 weeks.[397][398]
Permitted in case of a fatal anomaly up to 120 days of gestation.[399]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is considered to be included in a ground for preserving physical or mental health.[400][401][402]
Abortion for this ground is permitted only in Northern Ireland, up to 12 weeks of gestation.[403]
Abortion for this ground is not permitted in some states.
Permitted in case of a lethal anomaly up to 20 weeks from fertilization, considered as 22 weeks from the last menstrual period.[408][407]
Permitted up to 20 weeks post-fertilization if a licensed psychiatrist verifies the pregnant woman has a "serious mental illness".[407]
A law prohibits abortion on this ground but it is suspended by judicial decision.
Permitted until viability if the fetus has a fatal anomaly.[413]
Defined as 20 weeks from fertilization, considered as 22 weeks from the last menstrual period.[406]
Prohibited after embryonic or fetal cardiac activity is detected, which is possible after approximately six weeks of gestation.
Permitted in certain cases of fatal anomalies.[426][428]
In case of a lethal anomaly or a severe brain abnormality, no limit is specified.
Defined as 8 weeks from implantation, approximately 11 weeks from the last menstrual period. If the patient is a minor or an incompetent or incapacitated adult, abortion in case of rape is permitted in the first 14 weeks from implantation, approximately 17 weeks from the last menstrual period.[454]
Permitted with no gestational limit if the fetus has a lethal anomaly.[454]
A judge may also remove the penalty for abortion on this ground in the first 3 months from conception.[461]
The law of Vatican City is primarily based on the canon law of the Catholic Church and applies the Italian penal code in force in 1929 with local modifications.[464] Both sources of law prohibit abortion without explicitly mentioning any exception.[465][466] Article 49 of the penal code lists the principle of necessity to save one's life, which removes punishment for any action that would otherwise be a crime,[467][468] but the Church's official interpretation of canon 1398 is more restrictive, allowing in such cases only indirect abortion under the principle of double effect.[469][470]
Depending on the capacity at each level of hospital.[475][476][477]
Abortion is not permitted for rape within marriage.[482]
The 2014 Guidelines for Comprehensive Abortion Care says "In Zimbabwe termination of pregnancy may be permitted for HIV-positive women if they choose to do so."[483]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[59]
The parliament has proposed a law allowing abortion also in case of risk to health, rape and fetal impairment,[492] but it has not yet been approved.[493]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law, but it is established by a judicial decision in the parent country. A UN source states this it in unclear whether this judicial precedent also applies to the Cook Islands, but it lists this ground as permitted there.[494]
Although illegal, the government does not prosecute abortions performed under rules similar to other countries, including on request.[496]
Applies the abortion law of France in its version resulting from law no. 2016-41 of 26 January 2016.[156][499][157]
Defined as 12 weeks of pregnancy, considered as 14 weeks from the last menstrual period.[500]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is considered to be included in the ground for preserving physical or mental health.[501][502]
Although the law permits abortions on request, no medical providers in the territory perform them except to save the woman's life.[506][507]
In Alderney and Sark, this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[508] A judicial decision on an identical law in the parent country clarified that the law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[350] It is unclear whether Alderney and Sark apply only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.
This ground is permitted in the jurisdiction of Guernsey, but not in Alderney or Sark.[508]
A law enacted by New Zealand for Niue in 1966 prohibited abortion done "unlawfully", without defining it,[515] but a judicial decision applicable in New Zealand allowed abortion in case of risk to the woman's life or health, and a UN source states this judicial precedent probably applies to Niue as well.[516] In 2007, New Zealand repealed the sections of law that prohibited abortion in Niue,[517] but they remain in force in Niue[518] as legislation enacted by New Zealand after 1974 does not apply to Niue without its consent.[519]
The territory's constitution prohibits abortion "except as provided by law", and the territory has no law about the subject.[520] A law from the predecessor of the territory prohibited abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it, and although predecessor laws remain in force in the territory unless modified, a judicial decision ruled this abortion law invalid for being too vague.[521] As a result, although abortion remains prohibited in principle by the constitution, abortion providers cannot be prosecuted for it as there is no law specifying a penalty. Still, in practice, authorized medical providers in the territory perform abortions only to save the woman's life and possibly in case of rape.[522] In 1995, an opinion issued by the territory's attorney general concluded that U.S. judicial decisions allowing abortion on request also applied to the territory, but these decisions were overturned in 2022.[520]
Applies English law in force in 2010 unless locally modified.[523]
The penal code prohibits abortion except in case of risk to the woman's life or health.[524] In 1980, a decision by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico expanded the health criteria to also include mental health, including emotional, psychological, family and age aspects, with no gestational limit. However, the decision still maintained the prohibition on abortion if done without any therapeutic consideration.[525][526]
Applies English law in force on 1 January 2006 unless locally modified, in each part of the territory.[527] Tristan da Cunha explicitly applies the abortion law of the United Kingdom with minor modifications.[528]
Although illegal, the government does not prosecute abortions performed under rules similar to other countries, including on request.[59]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. The judicial handbook says that abortion is permitted for medical reasons but is unclear whether it means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health.[531]
This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. A judicial decision on an identical law in the parent country clarified that the law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[350] It is unclear whether the territory applies only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.
All states but the state of Tennessee (which has an affirmative defense instead) make exceptions if the mother’s life is in danger.
Exceptions for risk to mother's physical health: Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Utah, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Exceptions for risk to mother's general health: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington.
Exception for pregnancy due to rape and/or incest: Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Mississippi, North Dakota, South Carolina, West Virginia, Utah, and Wyoming.
Exception for lethal fetal anomaly: Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, South Carolina, West Virginia, and Utah.
This generally happens in the 6th week LMP.
Typically, it is between the 23rd or 24th week LMP.
Variously defined as after 27th or 28th week LMP; in Massachusetts, 24 weeks from implantation ≈ 27 weeks LMP.
In Malta, only indirect abortion is de facto allowed under the principle of double effect.[235][236]
Some examples of gestational age calculated from the first day of the last menstrual cycle:[539][540][541][542][543]
For example Luxembourg abortion law states: "Avant la fin de la 12e semaine de grossesse ou avant la fin de la 14e semaine d'aménorrhée[...]" which translates to "Before the end of the 12th week of pregnancy or before the end of the 14th week of amenorrhea".[223]
Also known as the "Menhennitt ruling".

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https://m.thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/the-thao-y-te/luat-bao-ve-suc-khoe-nhan-dan-1989-21-lct-hdnn8-37690.aspx 44
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Much-needed abortion law is missing, Antilliaans Dagblad, 17 February 2015. (in Dutch)
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AG: Old abortion ban was always void; Legislature can now decide, The Guam Daily Post, 9 July 2022.
Abortions are legal in Guam, but doctors won't perform them, Associated Press, 7 June 2019.
No abortion providers on Guam, Pacific Daily News, 30 June 2018.
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Rahman, Anika; Katzive, Laura; Henshaw, Stanley K. (2 June 1998). "A Global Review of Laws on Induced Abortion, 1985–1997". International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 24 (2): 56–64. doi:10.2307/2991926. JSTOR 2991926. PMID 14627052.
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Pollitt, Katha (2014). Pro: Reclaiming Abortion Rights. New York: Picador. ISBN 978-0-312-62054-7.

External links

Global Abortion Policies Database of the World Health Organization
The World's Abortion Laws, interactive website of the Center for Reproductive Rights
Abortion Policies: A Global Review, United Nations. Archived from the original on 27 December 2005.
Laws on Abortion in the Second Trimesters, The International Consortium for Medical Abortion (ICMA)
Abortion: Judicial History and Legislative Response, Congressional Research Service
"Despite overall expansion in the legal grounds for abortion, Policies remain restrictive in many countries" (PDF). Population Facts. Population Division, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2014 (1). August 2014.
Abortion Laws of the World, Harvard University
Abortion legislation in Europe Archived 5 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine, International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF), September 2012
Abortion Laws, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Division for Gender Affairs

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[cn-15] Mainland China.

[cn2-19] In 2021, the Chinese government issued guidelines reducing "non-medically necessary" abortions as a "step toward women's development".[15] The guidelines do not provide detail on what a "non-medically necessary" abortion is, nor what specific policies the government has planned to achieve this goal.[16][17]

[24] In some parts of Overseas France, abortion on request became legal in 2001.[19][20][21]

[sub-25] Year when all subnational jurisdictions legalized abortion on request.

[no-26] Including Svalbard.[299]

[28] The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1978 and came into force in 1979.[22]

[31] In the Caribbean Netherlands, abortion on request became legal in 2011.[23][24]

[32] The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1986 and came into force in 1987.

[34] After explicit legalization struck down by supreme court decision, the law only removes punishment for abortion on request but with no statement about its legality.

[38] The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1995 and came into force in 1996.[28]

[41] The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2014 and came into force in 2015.[30]

[43] The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2018 and came into force in 2019.[31]

[45] The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2020 and came into force in 2021.[32]

[af-65] The law of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan consisted primarily of statutory law and a limited use of Islamic jurisprudence.[46] The Afghan penal code criminalized abortion and only removed the penalty if the abortion was prescribed by a doctor to save the woman's life,[47][48] but other sources said that Afghanistan also allowed abortion in case of fetal impairment,[49] and rarely for economic reasons if accepted by a religious council.[50] After the 2021 Taliban offensive, the new government announced its intention to implement Islamic law exclusively, and it is unclear which legal grounds for abortion it accepts.[51]

[69] The UN source says that this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[53] However, other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in Andorra.[54]

[72] The UN source incorrectly shows Angola as allowing abortion on request, citing a penal code draft from 2014 that did not become law.[55] The version of the penal code enacted in 2020 and entered into force in 2021 allows abortion only in certain circumstances.[56]

[75] A 2001 UN source says that abortion must be performed within the first 16 weeks and that it may be permitted after this period under very exceptional circumstances.[58]

[77] Before independence, a judicial decision in the parent country allowed abortion for this ground, but the decision has not been explicitly recognized by Antigua and Barbuda.[58][59]^: 14

[82] Abortion for this ground is permitted in all subdivisions except the Northern Territory.[62][63]

[86] Applies the laws of Western Australia.[66]

[88] Applies the laws of Western Australia.[67]

[90] Applies the laws of the Australian Capital Territory.[68]

[93] Applies the laws of New South Wales.[70]

[aunt-95] Abortion up to 24 weeks may be performed if the medical practitioner considers the abortion is appropriate in all the circumstances, having regard to all relevant medical circumstances, the woman's current and future physical, psychological and social circumstances, and professional standards and guidelines. Later abortion may be performed, if two medical practitioners consider the abortion is appropriate in all the circumstances, having regard to the mentioned matters.[71] These criteria are not considered as allowing abortion on request.[62][63]

[at-102] If the woman was under age 14 when getting pregnant, no limit is specified.

[therapeutic-105] The penal code says that abortion is permitted for therapeutic purposes but is unclear whether it means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health. The UN source marks it as a permitted ground.

[bh-108] The UN source marks it as a legal ground because the Penal Code explicitly prohibits abortion only if performed without the consent of the woman and of a medical practitioner.[80] However, the decree regulating medical practice prohibits abortion unless the pregnancy threatens the woman's life.[81]

[bd-109] The UN source does not explicitly mark this legal ground for abortion but says that "Menstrual regulation is available on request for women with a last menstrual period of 10 weeks or less."[44]

[114] The law permits abortion for medical reasons without gestational limit, for social reasons up to 22 weeks of gestation, and on request up to 12 weeks of gestation.[83] By regulation, fetal impairment is included as a medical reason,[84] and rape is included as a social reason.[85]

[be-117] Defined as 12 weeks from conception, considered as 14 weeks from the last menstrual period.[87]

[121] The penal code prohibits abortion except to save the woman's life, when the pregnancy is a result of rape or incest, or when the woman is of unsound mental condition.[89] Guidelines for health workers mention grounds of risk to the woman's health and fetal impairment, and define a gestational limit of 180 days.[90]

[bt-122] This ground is only cited in guidelines for health workers, not by law.[89][90]

[124] This ground is established by a regulation implementing a judicial decision, although it is not mentioned in the decision itself or in the law.[91]

[ba-127] Continues to apply the abortion law of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[92][93]

[br-134] The penal code criminalizes abortion and only removes the penalty if the abortion is done to save the woman's life or if the pregnancy is the result of rape.[96] Due to a decision by the Supreme Federal Court, abortion is also permitted in case of anencephaly, and it may also be authorized by court order in other fatal cases of fetal impairment.[97][98][99]

[139] The penal code says that social demands are taken into account in a conviction for abortion.[103] It is unclear if this circumstance reduces the penalty or may remove it.

[144] There is no abortion law in Canada, but its subdivisions and professional bodies have regulations restricting the procedure to various grounds or gestational limits.[106][107]

[147] The penal code says that abortion may be permitted to an underage woman in a state of grave distress up to 8 weeks.[109]

[149] If the woman is under age 14, the gestational limit is 14 weeks.

[co-154] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[113][114][36]

[158] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[116] The Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is declared to be an integral part of the constitution, says that "Abortion, other than therapeutic, is prohibited and punishable by law."[117] The UN source says that this ground is accepted as a general legal principle.[40]

[160] A judicial pardon may be granted to the woman for an abortion on this ground.[118]

[167] In some cases, the gestational limit is 12 or 24 weeks.

[170] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle, allowed by regulation and established by treaty.[125][126]

[cd-172] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by treaty, whose application is requested by the Constitutional Court.[125][127]

[174] If the woman is of young age or immature and so unable to care for the child in a proper way, no limit is specified.

[180] Before independence, a judicial decision in the parent country allowed abortion for this ground, but the decision has not been explicitly recognized by Dominica.[133]

[184] The UN source says that this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle. However, other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in the Dominican Republic.[135][136]

[189] The UN source shows East Timor as allowing abortion also in case of risk to the woman's health or fetal impairment, citing the penal code enacted in March 2009 and entered into force in June 2009.[137][138] However, the penal code was amended in July 2009 to restrict abortion only to save the woman's life.[139][138][140]

[191] This ground is explicitly mentioned in the law only in case of rape of a woman with a mental disability, but it is also established by judicial decision in case of rape of any woman.[141]

[er-197] Abortion is permitted if the woman is under age 18.

[ee-199] If the woman is under age 15 or over age 45, the gestational limit is 22 weeks.

[205] xtreme poverty[152]

[208] Including Åland.[154]

[212] Including Overseas France, except French Polynesia, New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna.[156][157]

[fr-214] Defined as 14 weeks of pregnancy, considered as 16 weeks from the last menstrual period.[158]

[216] The penal code says that abortion may be permitted to an underage woman in a state of grave distress up to 10 weeks.

[de-224] Abortion for this ground is not explicitly lawful, but the criminal code specifies that abortion is not punished if the woman requests it, has obtained counselling, and it is done within 12 weeks from conception. The woman's living conditions are also taken into account in the indication of a serious risk to her health.[165][166]

[gr-226] If the woman is a minor or incapable of resisting, the gestational limit is 19 weeks.

[gy-232] If the woman is HIV-positive or contraception failure, the gestational limit is 16 weeks.

[235] A new penal code, published by presidential decree on 24 June 2020, would allow abortion on request in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. The code is set to take effect on 24 June 2024 unless modified before then.[173][174]

[principle-236] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.

[hu-239] Up to 18 weeks if the woman is incapacitated or did not recognize the pregnancy due to illness or medical error, or in case of failure of a health institution.[176]

[240] Up to 24 weeks in case of prolongation of the diagnostic procedure, or no limit in case of fetal abnormality incompatible with life after birth.[176]

[244] No limit in case of "substantial foetal abnormalities".[178]

[251] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law,[184] but it may be included in other legal grounds if the pregnancy causes unbearable hardship, such as significant harm to mental health or risk of suicide.[185]

[254] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[186][187]

[iq-256] This ground is only cited in instructions to health committees, not by law.[188]

[ie-258] If the risk to life or health is immediate, no gestational limit is specified.

[il-260] Abortion is permitted if the woman is under age 18 or over age 40, or if she is not married or the pregnancy is not from marriage.[190]

[ci-264] The UN source marks it as a legal ground but it is only established by treaty, not by law and not implemented as of 2020.[192][193]

[269] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle and established by judicial decision.[194][195][196][197]

[270] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[194][195][196][197]

[279] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[204] It is also mentioned in the National Guidelines on Management of Sexual Violence.[205]

[la-288] The penal code prohibits "unlawful abortion", defined as "abortion not authorized by medical doctor commission". The penal code also lists the principles of legitimate defense and necessity to save one's life, which lead to exemption from penal liability.[211] A decision by the Ministry of Health states that abortion is medically authorized, up to 28 weeks of gestation, due to certain medical conditions of the woman or fetus, rape, contraception failure, and certain socioeconomic conditions of the woman or her family.[212] A WHO source also shows Laos as allowing abortion on request up to 12 weeks of gestation, citing guidelines for health workers from 2016,[213] but they were issued before the penal code of 2017 defined "unlawful abortion" and are not mentioned in the decision by the Ministry of Health of 2021.

[lt-298] If the woman is under age 13 or over age 49, no limit is specified.

[303] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[224] The UN source says that it is accepted as a general legal principle,[40] but other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in Madagascar.[225][226]

[310] The law of Maldives is a combination of statutory and Islamic law.[229] The Maldivian penal code criminalizes abortion after 120 days of gestation, except for risk to the woman's life.[230] The Maldivian Islamic jurisprudence allows abortion only for risk to the woman's life, without gestational limit, or in cases of rape, incest, or certain medical conditions of a fetus conceived in marriage, up to 120 days of gestation.[231][232]

[311] Only for certain medical conditions of a fetus conceived in marriage.[231][232]

[316] Law prohibits abortion without exceptions. In practice only indirect abortion is allowed under the principle of double effect.[235][236]

[321] Abortion for this ground is permitted by law in all subdivisions except Guanajuato and Querétaro. In these two states, people who violate it may be prosecuted but not imprisoned, and they may request judicial relief by amparo.[37][38]

[mx-322] Abortion for this ground is permitted by law in some states and Mexico City. In other states, people who violate it may be prosecuted but not imprisoned, and they may request judicial relief by amparo.[37][38]

[mx2-325] The penal codes of some states specify a gestational limit for abortion in case of rape. However, in July 2021, the Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional to set a limit for abortion on this ground.[241][242]

[mxco-333] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[37][38]

[362] If the woman is under age 15 or over age 40, the gestational limit is 21 weeks.

[368] In 2016, the government of Morocco proposed allowing abortion in cases of rape, incest, mental disability and fetal impairment. However, the parliament did not approve the proposal,[279][280] and as of 2021 the abortion articles in the penal code remain unchanged.[281][282]

[370] May be permitted with no gestational limit in case the fetus is not viable.[283]

[375] Including the Caribbean Netherlands.[23][24]

[ng-379] The Criminal Code of the predecessor of Nigeria prohibited abortion except to save the woman's life. A judicial decision on a similar law in the parent country allowed abortion also to preserve the woman's health, but the West African Court of Appeal, despite applying the reasoning of the parent country's decision, affirmed only the ground to save the woman's life in Nigerian law. The Criminal Code and its judicial precedent remain in force in the southern states of Nigeria. In the states corresponding to the former Northern Region, the Penal Code replaced the Criminal Code and its judicial precedent, and it also prohibits abortion except to save the woman's life.[289][290]

[kp-387] The criminal law of North Korea, as amended up to 2015, does not mention abortion.[292][293] In 2015 the North Korean government issued a directive prohibiting medical professionals from performing abortions but did not indicate a penalty for doing so.[294] In 2016, the government stated that abortion was "legal" and "provided upon request by the woman concerned for reasons of risks to her life, physical and mental health and fetal malformation", but it is unclear whether these were the only permitted reasons.[295] It has also been reported that repatriated pregnant women are forced to have abortions to prevent children of mixed ethnicity.[296][297]

[mk-389] May be permitted with no gestational limit in some cases.[298]

[om-393] The penal law prohibits abortion without any explicit exception, but it exempts from penal liability actions done by necessity to protect oneself or others from a severe and imminent danger, and in the practice of agreed medical activities or urgent medical intervention.[300] The law regulating medical practice prohibits abortion except for risk to the woman's life or of unbearable illness, and in case of fetal impairment up to 120 days of gestation.[301]

[398] Different sources specify this limit as 120 days or four months of gestation.[304][305]

[400] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[306] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.

[ps-406] The law prohibits abortion except to save the woman's life.[307] However, some sources say that abortion may also be permitted for health reasons and in cases of rape and fetal impairment,[308][309][310] while other sources say that it is not possible to obtain an abortion in any circumstance.[311]

[413] The law prohibits abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it, and it explicitly permits abortion to preserve the woman's life.[314] An opinion of the State Solicitor in 1982, based on court decisions on identical laws in the former parent country, considered that preservation of the woman's health was also a legal ground for abortion.[315][316] However, in 2018, in the case of a woman who had aborted at four months of pregnancy due to risk to health, the Supreme Court acquitted her because she had been wrongly charged for the crime of killing an unborn child, which only applies shortly before birth (section 312), but ruled that she should have still been charged for the crime of abortion (section 225).[317]

[419] The law prohibits abortion without explicitly mentioning any exception,[320] but in 2014 the Supreme Court ruled that indirect abortion done to save the woman's life was permitted under the principle of double effect.[321][322]

[422] This ground was mentioned in the law but it was invalidated by a judicial decision in 2020.[324]

[424] This ground was mentioned in the law but it was invalidated by a judicial decision in 1997.[325]

[435] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[334][335][59]^: 14

[440] In case of risk to the woman's life after fetal viability, the pregnancy may also be interrupted by attempting a live birth.

[441] Permitted until fetal viability in case of a fetal anomaly that poses a risk to the woman's health.

[sa-445] Abortion may also permitted up to 40 days of gestation for other reasons that are not economic or social concerns.[340][341][342]

[sc-451] In some cases, abortion may be allowed up to fetal viability or 26 weeks of gestation.[346][347]

[sl-459] Sierra Leone established that the laws in force in England in 1880 would be in force in Sierra Leone from 1965.[348] One of these laws prohibited abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it.[349] A judicial decision in England in 1938 clarified that this law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[350] It is unclear whether Sierra Leone applies only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.[351][352] In 2015 the parliament of Sierra Leone passed a law allowing abortion on request but it was not signed by the president so it did not come into force.[353][354]

[463] In some cases, the gestational limit is 12 weeks.

[470] Including Somaliland.[362][363]

[471] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.

[475] The laws of South Korea prohibited abortion except for risk to the woman's health, rape, incest, or certain medical conditions, up to 24 weeks of gestation.[364] On 11 April 2019, the Constitutional Court ruled that the abortion restrictions were unconstitutional, giving the legislature until the end of 2020 to amend the laws to allow abortion on request with some gestational limit. In October 2020 the government proposed a limit of 14 weeks for abortion on request and 24 weeks for certain other cases, but the legislature did not approve this or any other proposal on the subject before the end of the year, so the abortion laws became automatically invalid on 1 January 2021.[365] As of August 2021, the legislature had still not approved any of the proposals, leaving abortion decriminalized without a clear gestational limit.[366]

[kr-476] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[365]

[480] In case of a fatal anomaly, no limit is specified.

[483] From conception.

[485] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[372] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.

[494] In mainland Tanzania, articles 150 to 152 of the penal code prohibit abortion done "unlawfully", and article 230 of the same law permits abortion to preserve the woman's life. Article 219 additionally prohibits "child destruction", meaning abortion after fetal viability, presumed at 28 weeks of pregnancy, but still permits it to preserve the woman's life.[379] In Zanzibar, the penal act has equivalent articles 129 to 131, 213 and 200.[380]

[496] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. A judicial decision by the East African Court of Appeal, with jurisdiction over the predecessors of Tanzania, allowed abortion also to preserve the woman's health, and sources state that this decision remains binding after independence.[381]

[502] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[385] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[386]

[PMR-504] If the woman is HIV-positive, a minor, or over age 40, no limit is specified.

[tt-508] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[388] but it is accepted as a general legal principle and established by judicial decision.[389][390]

[ua-517] If the woman is under age 15 or over age 45, the gestational limit is 22 weeks.[397][398]

[519] Permitted in case of a fatal anomaly up to 120 days of gestation.[399]

[gb-523] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is considered to be included in a ground for preserving physical or mental health.[400][401][402]

[gbni-525] Abortion for this ground is permitted only in Northern Ireland, up to 12 weeks of gestation.[403]

[us-529] Abortion for this ground is not permitted in some states.

[532] Permitted in case of a lethal anomaly up to 20 weeks from fertilization, considered as 22 weeks from the last menstrual period.[408][407]

[533] Permitted up to 20 weeks post-fertilization if a licensed psychiatrist verifies the pregnant woman has a "serious mental illness".[407]

[us2-536] A law prohibits abortion on this ground but it is suspended by judicial decision.

[541] Permitted until viability if the fetus has a fatal anomaly.[413]

[us4-545] Defined as 20 weeks from fertilization, considered as 22 weeks from the last menstrual period.[406]

[us3-546] Prohibited after embryonic or fetal cardiac activity is detected, which is possible after approximately six weeks of gestation.

[558] Permitted in certain cases of fatal anomalies.[426][428]

[584] In case of a lethal anomaly or a severe brain abnormality, no limit is specified.

[586] Defined as 8 weeks from implantation, approximately 11 weeks from the last menstrual period. If the patient is a minor or an incompetent or incapacitated adult, abortion in case of rape is permitted in the first 14 weeks from implantation, approximately 17 weeks from the last menstrual period.[454]

[587] Permitted with no gestational limit if the fetus has a lethal anomaly.[454]

[uy-595] A judge may also remove the penalty for abortion on this ground in the first 3 months from conception.[461]

[605] The law of Vatican City is primarily based on the canon law of the Catholic Church and applies the Italian penal code in force in 1929 with local modifications.[464] Both sources of law prohibit abortion without explicitly mentioning any exception.[465][466] Article 49 of the penal code lists the principle of necessity to save one's life, which removes punishment for any action that would otherwise be a crime,[467][468] but the Church's official interpretation of canon 1398 is more restrictive, allowing in such cases only indirect abortion under the principle of double effect.[469][470]

[613] Depending on the capacity at each level of hospital.[475][476][477]

[619] Abortion is not permitted for rape within marriage.[482]

[zw-621] The 2014 Guidelines for Comprehensive Abortion Care says "In Zimbabwe termination of pregnancy may be permitted for HIV-positive women if they choose to do so."[483]

[awcwsx-626] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[59]

[633] The parliament has proposed a law allowing abortion also in case of risk to health, rape and fetal impairment,[492] but it has not yet been approved.[493]

[635] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law, but it is established by a judicial decision in the parent country. A UN source states this it in unclear whether this judicial precedent also applies to the Cook Islands, but it lists this ground as permitted there.[494]

[cw-638] Although illegal, the government does not prosecute abortions performed under rules similar to other countries, including on request.[496]

[frpfncwf-642] Applies the abortion law of France in its version resulting from law no. 2016-41 of 26 January 2016.[156][499][157]

[pfncwf-644] Defined as 12 weeks of pregnancy, considered as 14 weeks from the last menstrual period.[500]

[gi-647] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is considered to be included in the ground for preserving physical or mental health.[501][502]

[gu-653] Although the law permits abortions on request, no medical providers in the territory perform them except to save the woman's life.[506][507]

[gg1-655] In Alderney and Sark, this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[508] A judicial decision on an identical law in the parent country clarified that the law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[350] It is unclear whether Alderney and Sark apply only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.

[gg2-656] This ground is permitted in the jurisdiction of Guernsey, but not in Alderney or Sark.[508]

[nu-668] A law enacted by New Zealand for Niue in 1966 prohibited abortion done "unlawfully", without defining it,[515] but a judicial decision applicable in New Zealand allowed abortion in case of risk to the woman's life or health, and a UN source states this judicial precedent probably applies to Niue as well.[516] In 2007, New Zealand repealed the sections of law that prohibited abortion in Niue,[517] but they remain in force in Niue[518] as legislation enacted by New Zealand after 1974 does not apply to Niue without its consent.[519]

[mp-672] The territory's constitution prohibits abortion "except as provided by law", and the territory has no law about the subject.[520] A law from the predecessor of the territory prohibited abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it, and although predecessor laws remain in force in the territory unless modified, a judicial decision ruled this abortion law invalid for being too vague.[521] As a result, although abortion remains prohibited in principle by the constitution, abortion providers cannot be prosecuted for it as there is no law specifying a penalty. Still, in practice, authorized medical providers in the territory perform abortions only to save the woman's life and possibly in case of rape.[522] In 1995, an opinion issued by the territory's attorney general concluded that U.S. judicial decisions allowing abortion on request also applied to the territory, but these decisions were overturned in 2022.[520]

[674] Applies English law in force in 2010 unless locally modified.[523]

[pr-678] The penal code prohibits abortion except in case of risk to the woman's life or health.[524] In 1980, a decision by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico expanded the health criteria to also include mental health, including emotional, psychological, family and age aspects, with no gestational limit. However, the decision still maintained the prohibition on abortion if done without any therapeutic consideration.[525][526]

[681] Applies English law in force on 1 January 2006 unless locally modified, in each part of the territory.[527] Tristan da Cunha explicitly applies the abortion law of the United Kingdom with minor modifications.[528]

[sx-683] Although illegal, the government does not prosecute abortions performed under rules similar to other countries, including on request.[59]

[tk-686] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. The judicial handbook says that abortion is permitted for medical reasons but is unclear whether it means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health.[531]

[tc-688] This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. A judicial decision on an identical law in the parent country clarified that the law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[350] It is unclear whether the territory applies only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.

[690] All states but the state of Tennessee (which has an affirmative defense instead) make exceptions if the mother’s life is in danger.
Exceptions for risk to mother's physical health: Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Utah, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Exceptions for risk to mother's general health: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington.
Exception for pregnancy due to rape and/or incest: Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Mississippi, North Dakota, South Carolina, West Virginia, Utah, and Wyoming.
Exception for lethal fetal anomaly: Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, South Carolina, West Virginia, and Utah.

[691] This generally happens in the 6th week LMP.

[692] Typically, it is between the 23rd or 24th week LMP.

[693] Variously defined as after 27th or 28th week LMP; in Massachusetts, 24 weeks from implantation ≈ 27 weeks LMP.

[694] In Malta, only indirect abortion is de facto allowed under the principle of double effect.[235][236]

[705] Some examples of gestational age calculated from the first day of the last menstrual cycle:[539][540][541][542][543]

[706] For example Luxembourg abortion law states: "Avant la fin de la 12e semaine de grossesse ou avant la fin de la 14e semaine d'aménorrhée[...]" which translates to "Before the end of the 12th week of pregnancy or before the end of the 14th week of amenorrhea".[223]

[714] Also known as the "Menhennitt ruling".

[kaiser-1] "Abortion Rates Similar In Countries That Legalize, Prohibit Procedure, Study Says". International Consortium for Medical Abortion (ICMA). Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.

[kaiser2-2] Sedgh, Gilda; Henshaw, Stanley; Singh, Susheela; Åhman, Elisabeth; Shah, Iqbal H. (13 August 2007). "Induced abortion: estimated rates and trends worldwide". The Lancet. 370 (9595): 1338–1345. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61575-X. PMID 17933648. S2CID 28458527.

[3] Susheela, Signh; Darroch, Jacqueline E.; Ashford, Lori S.; Vlassoff, Michael (2009). Adding It Up: The Costs and Benefits of Investing in Family Planning and Newborn Health (PDF). New York: Guttmacher Institute and United Nations Population Fund. pp. 17, 19, 27. Some 215 million women in the developing world as a whole have an unmet need for modern contraceptives[...] If the 215 million women with unmet need used modern family planning methods....[that] would result in about 22 million fewer unplanned births; 25 million fewer abortions; and seven million fewer miscarriages....If women's contraceptive needs were addressed (and assuming no changes in abortion laws)...the number of unsafe abortions would decline by 73% from 20 million to 5.5 million. A few of the findings in that report were subsequently changed, and are available at "Facts on Investing in Family Planning and Maternal and Newborn Health" (PDF). Guttmacher Institute. November 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2012.

[4] Joffe, Carole (3 April 2009). "Abortion and Medicine: A Sociopolitical History". Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy: Comprehensive Abortion Care: 1–9. doi:10.1002/9781444313031.ch1. ISBN 9781444313031 – via Wiley Online Library.

[5] "Decree on Women's Healthcare". People's Commissariat of Health. 18 November 1920. Archived from the original on 18 December 2021.

[USSR1995-6] Avdeev, Alexandre; Blum, Alain; Troitskaya, Irina (1995). "The History of Abortion Statistics in Russia and the USSR from 1900 to 1991". Population: An English Selection. 7: 39–66. JSTOR 2949057.

[7] Goldman, Wendy Z. (2004). Women, the State and Revolution: Soviet Family Policy and Social Life, 1917–1936. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521458160.

[8] Overy, Richard (2004). The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia. W. W. Norton Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0141912240.

[9] Heer, David M. (1965). "Abortion, Contraception, and Population Policy in the Soviet Union". Demography. 2: 531–539. doi:10.2307/2060137. JSTOR 2060137. S2CID 46960030.

[10] "Status of abortion in Japan". IPPF Medical Bulletin. 1 (6): 3. 1967. PMID 12304993. Archived from the original on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 10 December 2008.

[11] "Eugenic Protection Law in Japan" (PDF). Institute of Population Problems, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. 1960. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.

[12] M., Akrivopoulou, Christina (2015). Protecting the Genetic Self from Biometric Threats: Autonomy, Identity, and Genetic Privacy: Autonomy, Identity, and Genetic Privacy. IGI Global. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-4666-8154-5.

[13] Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4381-2696-8.

[14] Various sources:
China, Population Policy Data Bank, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, 2001. Archived from the original on 27 December 2005.

Religion and the State: An International Analysis of Roles and Relationships. Abc-Clio. 14 July 2009. ISBN 9781598841343.

China's Changing Population. Stanford University Press. 1987. ISBN 9780804718875.

Fertility, Family Planning and Population Policy in China. Routledge. 16 December 2005. ISBN 9781134349760.

[179] China, Population Policy Data Bank, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, 2001. Archived from the original on 27 December 2005.

[180] Religion and the State: An International Analysis of Roles and Relationships. Abc-Clio. 14 July 2009. ISBN 9781598841343.

[181] China's Changing Population. Stanford University Press. 1987. ISBN 9780804718875.

[182] Fertility, Family Planning and Population Policy in China. Routledge. 16 December 2005. ISBN 9781134349760.

[16] 国务院关于印发中国妇女发展纲要和中国儿童发展纲要的通知, Government of the People's Republic of China, 2021 (in Chinese).

[17] Yaqiu, Wang (27 September 2021). "Beijing to Reduce 'Non-Medically Necessary' Abortions". Human Rights Watch.

[18] Ahmed, Kaamil (27 September 2021). "China to clamp down on abortions for 'non-medical purposes'". The Guardian.

[tn-20] Penal Code, 2012. Article 214 (in French).

[21] Law no. 2001-588 of 4 July 2001 regarding voluntary interruption of pregnancy and contraception, Légifrance (in French).

[22] Voluntary interruption of pregnancy legal in Polynesia since 2001, Tahiti Infos, 4 September 2017 (in French).

[23] 26 years after the Veil Act, New Caledonia legalized abortion, France TV, 27 November 2014 (in French).

[27] Law on interruption of pregnancy (abortion law), Lovdata. "[A]mending law of 16 June 1978 no. 66 from 1 January 1979 according to resolution of 1 December 1978" (in Norwegian).

[bq1-29] Abortion permit for hospital in Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean Legal Portal, 16 June 2012.

[bq2-30] Termination of pregnancy law, Government of the Netherlands (in Dutch).

[33] Tsogt, Bazarragchaa; Seded, Khishgee; Johnson, Brooke R.; Strategic Assessment Team (2 September 2008). "Applying the WHO Strategic Approach to Strengthening First and Second Trimester Abortion Services in Mongolia". Reproductive Health Matters. 16 (31 Suppl): 127–134. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(08)31383-4. eISSN 1460-9576. ISSN 0968-8080. PMID 18772093 – via Taylor & Francis Group.

[gw-35] Penal Code of Guinea-Bissau, Judicial Police of Guinea-Bissau, 20 May 2019. Article 112 (in Portuguese).

[36] Portuguese Penal Code of 1886, University of Coimbra, 1919. Article 358 (in Portuguese).

[al-37] "Për ndërprerjen e shtatëzënësisë" [On the Interruption of Pregnancy]. Law No. 8045 of 27 December 1995 (in Albanian). Parliament of Albania.

[st-39] Penal Code, Government of São Tomé and Príncipe, 2012. Book II, title I, chapter II (in Portuguese).

[40] Law of revision of the Penal Code, Gazette of the Republic of Mozambique, 31 December 2014. "The present law enters into force one hundred and eighty days after its publication." (in Portuguese)

[42] "Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018 (Commencement) Order 2018". S.I. No. 594 of 2018 (PDF).

[ar-44] "Acceso a la Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo" [Access to Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy]. Law No. 27.610 of 30 December 2020 (in Spanish). National Congress of Argentina.

[46] Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (PDF). Vol. XIII. London: United Nations War Crimes Commission. 1949. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.

[bbc-47] "Argentina abortion: Senate approves legalisation in historic decision". BBC. 30 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2021.

[48] "En Uruguay, le Parlement vote la dépénalisation de l'avortement". Le Monde (in French). 17 October 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2021.

[co2-49] Colombia decriminalizes abortion in historic ruling, Colombia Reports, 21 February 2022.

[mx1-50] Abortion in Mexico: the Supreme Court decriminalizes the voluntary interruption of pregnancy in a historic ruling for the country, BBC, 7 September 2021. "The ruling only obligates Coahuila to modify its penal code in this regard. Therefore, it does not imply that abortion is now legal in all of Mexico, nor that the decriminalization affects all states automatically or that they are obligated to change their local legislation." (in Spanish)

[mx2-51] Mexico decriminalizes abortion: what will happen now in the states of the country?, El País, 8 September 2021. "They will be able to, thus, continue sending to court the women who abort outside of the local norms, but the judicial process will not allow them to enter jail." "It is possible that there are still judges who dictate jail for some women, and this would force them to sue in local and federal processes first and then apply for an amparo before a district judge. This one would have to follow, finally, the judicial precedent." (in Spanish)

[huffingtonpost.com-52] Grimes, David A. (25 January 2016). "United Nations Committee Affirms Abortion As A Human Right". HuffPost. Retrieved 22 September 2021.

[UN2019report-53] World Population Policies 2017: Abortion Laws and Policies, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2020.

[fi-54] Law No. 239/1970 on Termination of Pregnancy, with updates as 2019, Finlex, 24 March 1970 (in Swedish).

[tiitinen-55] Tiitinen, Aila. "Raskauden keskeytys". Terveyskirjasto. Duodecim. Retrieved 10 August 2018.

[CQC2012-56] "Findings of termination of pregnancy inspections published". Care Quality Commission. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.

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[394] Pakistan's Abortion Provisions, Center for Reproductive Rights.

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[399] Penal Code, Policinglaw.info. Article 1309.

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[402] The Unique Landscape of Abortion Law and Access in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Health and Human Rights, 9 December 2019. "As one lawyer from Gaza explained in an interview, "[...] [Abortion] is only allowed for health reasons for the mother or for fetal anomalies."

[403] For Palestinian women, abortion can mean lies, jail or worse, Reuters, 8 March 2016. "When fetal impairment is detected, an abortion can be performed if both parents consent, [...] the ministry said."

[404] Palestine: 'Marry-Your-Rapist' Law Repealed, Human Rights Watch, 10 May 2018. "Salhieh, the chief prosecutor, said that prosecutors obtained permission for seven women to have abortions in 2017, all in cases in which the women alleged that the pregnancy was a result of rape or incest and they were in the early stages of pregnancy."

[405] Palestine's Abortion Problem, Foreign Policy, 4 December 2015. "Abortion, after all, is illegal under Palestinian law; while it is technically legal in order to protect the life of the mother, in practice, according to experts, it is impossible to get such a procedure. Especially for those [...] who might want an abortion without the knowledge of their husbands."

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[408] (in Spanish) https://clacaidigital.info/bitstream/handle/123456789/778/revision_de_normas_de_salud_integral_de_la_mujer.%20Panama.pdf

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[433] Offences Against the Person Act, Law Commission of the Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis, revised edition as of 31 December 2017. Sections 53–54.

[434] Infant Life (Preservation) Act, Law Commission of the Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis, revised edition as of 31 December 2002.

[436] Criminal Code, revised edition as 31 December 2005, Government of Saint Lucia, Chapter 1, Part 1, Sub-part D.

[437] Criminal Code, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Section 149.

[438] Crimes Act 2013, Ministry of Police of Samoa, 1 May 2013.

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[446] Penal code, General Staff of the Land Forces, 1965 (in French).

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[448] Dr. Katarina Sedlecki (30 September 2013). "НАЦИОНАЛНИ ВОДИЧ ДОБРЕ КЛИНИЧКЕ ПРАКСЕ ЗА БЕЗБЕДНИ ПРЕКИД ТРУДНОЋЕ" [NATIONAL GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDE FOR SAFE TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY] (PDF). Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Serbia (in Serbian). Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2016. pdf download

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[453] Offences Against the Person Act 1861, Legislation.gov.uk. Articles 58–59.

[bourne-454] Rex v. Bourne, Central Criminal Court of England and Wales, 18–19 July 1938.

[455] Supplementary Information on Sierra Leone, scheduled for review by the U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women during its 57th Session (February 2014), Center for Reproductive Rights, 24 January 2014. "This interpretation of the Offences Against the Person Act has not been tested in case law in Sierra Leone and therefore it remains unclear whether women terminating a pregnancy on such grounds would be criminally liable."

[456] Understanding Abortion Access in Africa, Catholics for Choice, 19 February 2014. "Sierra Leone is one of several Commonwealth countries to model its abortion policy after England's 1938 Rex v. Bourne decision, which established necessity – that is, threats to a woman's mental and physical health – as grounds for legal abortion."

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[sk-462] "Vyhláška Ministerstva zdravotníctva Slovenskej socialistickej republiky, ktorou sa vykonáva zákon Slovenskej národnej rady č.73/1986 Zb. o umelom prerušení tehotenstva" [Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Socialist Republic, which implements the Act of the Slovak National Council No. 73/1986 Coll. on abortion]. Decree No. 74 of 5 November 1986 (in Slovak). Ministry of Health.

[464] Law on health measures in the exercise of the right to freely decide on the birth of children, Government of Slovenia (in Slovene).

[465] Penal Code, Laws of Solomon Islands. Articles 157–159, 221.

[466] Provisional Constitution, University of Minnesota: Human Rights Library, 7 September 2012. Article 15.5.

[467] Penal Code, Global Abortion Policies Database, 6 December 1962. Article 36 and part X.

[468] Penal Code, Somalilandlaw.com.

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[472] Enforcement Decree of the Mother and Child Health Act, Government of South Korea.

[kr-473] South Korea: Abortion decriminalized since January 1, 2021, Library of Congress, 18 March 2021.

[474] 'Abortion consultation' included in health insurance, The Korea Times, 3 August 2021.

[477] "Медикаментозный аборт" [Medical abortion]. osinform.org (in Russian). Retrieved 3 December 2021.

[478] "art.216.1" (PDF). Sudantribune.com. Retrieved 2 March 2022.

[479] Organic Law 2/2010, of 3 March, of sexual and reproductive health and of voluntary interruption of pregnancy, Boletín Oficial del Estado, 4 March 2010 (in Spanish).

[481] Penal code, Citizens Lanka, version as of 2002. Sections 303–307.

[482] Penal Code, European Country of Origin Information Network, 1991.

[484] ttps://www.dna.sr/media/138146/S.B._2015_no._44_wet_van_30_mrt_15_wijz._wetboek_van_strafrecht.pdf (in Dutch) title xix

[486] Abortion law, Riksdag of Sweden, version as of 1 June 2013 (in Swedish).

[487] Swiss penal code (Interruption of pregnancy), Federal Assembly of Switzerland (in French).

[488] "قانون مزاولة المهن الطبية في الجمهورية العربية السورية" [Law on the Practice of Medical Professions in the Syrian Arab Republic]. Article 47b, Legislative Decree No. 12 of 5 January 1970 (in Arabic). People's Assembly of Syria.

[489] Genetic Health Act, Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China, 8 July 2009.

[490] Enforcement Rules of Genetic Health Act, Laws and Regulations Database of the Republic of China, 5 April 2012.

[491] Abortion legislation and its implementation in Europe and Central Asia, International Planned Parenthood Federation, December 2019.

[492] The Penal Code, revised edition of 2019, Tanzania Legal Information Institute.

[493] Penal Act, 2018, Zanzibar House of Representatives, 16 March 2018.

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[498] Announcement of the Ministry of Public Health regarding the examination and counseling on options for termination of pregnancy under section 305 (5) of the Penal Code, Royal Government Gazette of Thailand, 26 September 2022 (in Thai).

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[503] Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on the procedure and indications for artificial interruption of pregnancy, Zakon PMR, 13 August 2004 (in Russian).

[505] "CRIMINAL LAW ACT CHAPTER 10:04 - original 2006 updated 2016 modified 2018" (PDF). Legal Affairs.Gov.TT. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2022.

[506] Code of Ethics in the Practice of Medicine: Responsibilities to Profession, Medical Board of Trinidad and Tobago.

[507] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20051227114327fw_/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion/doc/trinidad.doc (2001)

[509] "Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi". www.mevzuat.gov.tr.

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[511] ttps://www.legislationline.org/download/id/6453/file/Turkey_CC_2004_am2016_en.pdf art.99

[512] Law of Turkmenistan on the protection of the health of citizens, Neytralny Turkmenistan no. 138-139, 2 July 2015. Article 19 (in Russian).

[513] ttps://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1965/1965-0007/PenalCode_1.pdf arts 150–152, 214, 227

[514] ttps://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/435-15 art.281.6

[515] "Про реалізацію статті 281 Цивільного кодексу України". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України.

[516] "Про затвердження Інструкції про порядок проведення операції штучного переривання вагітності, форм первинної облікової документації та інструкцій щодо їх заповнення". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України.

[518] Women's reproductive and sexual healthcare, Government of the United Arab Emirates, 11 July 2021.

[520] Rape and abortion, EFC.

[521] Britain's abortion law, British Pregnancy Advisory Service.

[522] Know Your Abortion Rights in the UK, 123 Healthwise.

[gbni-524] The Abortion (Northern Ireland) (No. 2) Regulations 2020, Legislation.gov.uk.

[gb-526] Abortion Act 1967, Legislation.gov.uk.

[527] Abortion policy in the absence of Roe, Guttmacher Institute, 1 August 2022.

[guttmacher-528] State bans on abortion throughout pregnancy, Guttmacher Institute, 25 August 2022.

[usal-530] Alabama Human Life Protection Act, Alabama Legislature, 2019.

[531] Section 26-23B-5, Alabama Legislature.

[534] "Arizona judge: State can enforce near-total abortion ban". AP NEWS. 23 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.

[535] "Appeals court reinstates injunction blocking abortion ban". AP NEWS. 7 October 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.

[537] SB149, Arkansas General Assembly, 2019.

[538] SB6, Arkansas General Assembly, 2021.

[usfl-539] CS/HB 5, Florida House of Representatives, 2022.

[540] Florida restores state abortion ban beyond 15 weeks after temporary halt The Guardian, 6 July 2022.

[542] Georgia Code section 16-12-141, Justia, 2020.

[543] Georgia Code section 31-9B-1, Justia, 2020.

[544] Federal appeals court allows Georgia abortion law to take effect immediately, NBC News, 20 July 2022.

[547] Section 18-604, Idaho Legislature, 2022.

[548] Section 18-608, Idaho Legislature, 2022.

[549] Section 18-622, Idaho Legislature, 2022.

[550] Judge blocks enforcement of Idaho's abortion ban in medical emergencies day before it was set to take effect, CNN, 25 August 2022.

[usin-551] Senate Bill 1, Indiana General Assembly, 2022.

[552] KRS 311.722, Kentucky General Assembly.

[553] KRS 311.782, Kentucky General Assembly.

[554] Clinics ask Supreme Court to halt appeals court order blocking abortion in Kentucky, Louisville Courier Journal, 2 August 2022.

[usla-555] Act No. 545, Louisiana State Legislature, 2022.

[556] Louisiana abortion ban reinstated, clinics halt procedures, The Washington Post, 1 August 2022.

[557] List of conditions that shall deem an unborn child "medically futile", Louisiana Department of Health, 2022.

[559] House Bill 1400, Mississippi Legislature, 2014.

[560] Senate Bill 2391 Mississippi Legislature, 2007.

[561] Abortion trigger law goes into effect in Mississippi, where the case that overturned Roe v. Wade originated, ABC News, 7 July 2022.

[562] HB126, Missouri General Assembly, 2019.

[563] House bill 1609-FN, General Court of New Hampshire, 2022.

[564] Gov. Lujan Grisham signs Senate Bill 10, repealing 1969 abortion ban, KOB, 26 February 2021.

[565] Abortion and kindred offenses, North Carolina General Statutes.

[566] Woman's Right to Know Act, North Carolina General Statutes.

[567] Abortion access diminishes in NC after federal judge reinstates 20-week ban, NC Health News, 19 August 2022.

[568] HB 1466, North Dakota Legislative Assembly, 2007.

[569] Section 2919.201 – Abortion after gestational age of 20 weeks, Ohio Revised Code, Legislative Service Commission of Ohio.

[570] A judge temporarily blocks an Ohio law banning most abortions, National Public Radio, 14 September 2022.

[571] Section 21-861, Oklahoma Senate, 2019.

[572] SB 612, Oklahoma Legislature, 2022.

[573] Governor Stitt, AG O'Connor Celebrate Oklahoma Becoming a Pro-Life State, Governor of Oklahoma, 24 June 2022.

[574] South Carolina Fetal Heartbeat and Protection from Abortion Act, South Carolina General Assembly, 2021.

[575] SC high court temporarily halts ‘fetal heartbeat’ law as legislators consider abortion ban, The Post and Courier, 17 August 2021.

[576] Codified law 22-17-5.1, South Dakota Legislature.

[577] HB1029, Tennessee State Legislature, 2019.

[578] 'No room for grace:' Doctors could face prison now all abortions banned in Tennessee NewsChannel5, 24 August 2022.

[579] Advisory on Texas law upon reversal of Roe v. Wade, Attorney General of Texas.

[580] Texas can enforce 1925 abortion ban, state Supreme Court says, The Texas Tribune, 2 July 2022.

[581] HB136, Utah State Legislature, 2019.

[582] SB174, Utah State Legislature, 2020.

[583] Utah judge blocks state's sweeping new abortion ban, Reuters, 12 July 2022.

[uswv-585] House Bill 302, West Virginia Legislature, 2022.

[legis1-588] "Abortion Laws in Wisconsin" (PDF). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. December 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 February 2017.

[589] "No Wisconsin clinics are providing abortions as of Friday after SCOTUS struck down Roe v. Wade". Wisconsin Public Radio. 24 June 2022.

[590] HB0092, Wyoming Legislature, 2022.

[591] Judge blocks Wyoming abortion ban on day it goes into effect Associated Press, 27 July 2022.

[592] Law on voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Abortion law, National Directorate of Prints and Official Publications, 30 October 2012 (in Spanish).

[593] Manual of Procedures for the Sanitary Management of Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy, Ministry of Public Health, 2014 (in Spanish).

[594] Penal Code, National Directorate of Prints and Official Publications, updated on 9 July 2020 (in Spanish).

[596] "Об утверждении стандартов искусственного прерывания беременности" [On approval of standards for artificial termination of pregnancy]. Law No. 312 of 10 September 2013 (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 November 2021.

[597] "LAWS OF THE REPUBLIC OF VANUATU CONSOLIDATED EDITION 2006 - Penal Code Ch. 135" (PDF). International Labour Organization. 17 November 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2021.

[598] Law on the sources of law, Acta Apostolicae Sedis, Supplement for the laws and provisions of Vatican City State, 1 October 2008. (in Italian)

[599] Title VI. Delicts against human life and freedom, Code of Canon Law, Holy See.

[it1889-600] Penal code for the Kingdom of Italy, 1889, University of Brescia College of Law. (in Italian)

[601] Report to His Majesty the King from the Minister Keeper of the Seals (Zanardelli) at the hearing of 30 June 1889 for the approval of the final text of the penal code, pp. 145–146. "On the agreed proposal of the parliamentary commissions, the provision that was read in the bill, according to which it was declared 'not punishable the doctor or surgeon, when he justifies having acted in order to save the woman's life, endangered by the pregnancy or by childbirth', was deleted"; "The vote expressed in agreement in parliament led me to the aforesaid deletion, not to exclude the application of the concept that was expressed there, but because it was superfluous and inappropriate to declare it, providing if needed article 49 number 3, the application of which would be only, and without reason, restricted." (in Italian)

[602] Criminal abortion in the Italian penal code, Pasquale Tuozzi, Filippo Serafini Legal Archive, 1902, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 29. "However, if you want to search for a provision in our code that covers the surgeon, in addition to article 45, in which the aforesaid reason is rooted, there is also number 3 of article 49, where it is declared the nonresponsibility of one who acts compelled by the need to save himself or others from a serious and imminent danger to the person, to which he did not voluntarily give cause, and which he could not otherwise avoid. Well, these extremes of the state of necessity all apply in the case of the surgeon, who, put in the harsh condition, not created by him, extinguishes an imperfect and perhaps uncertain existence, to save a certain and real existence, which is that of the woman in childbirth." (in Italian)

[603] Abortion and the Catholic Church, Pro-Life Activist's Encyclopedia, American Life League.

[604] Under Vatican ruling, abortion triggers automatic excommunication, National Catholic Reporter, 17 January 2003.

[606] Penal Code of Venezuela, Official Gazette of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, 20 October 2000. Article 435 (in Spanish).

[607] Protocols of care. Prenatal care and emergency obstetric care, Government of Venezuela, March 2014 (in Spanish).

[608] Trần Minh Nghĩa (24 August 2018). "HƯỚNG DÉN QUỐC GIA" [NATIONAL GUIDELINES] (PDF). Ministry of Health - Government of Vietnam (in Vietnamese). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 November 2021.

[609] ttps://m.thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/the-thao-y-te/luat-bao-ve-suc-khoe-nhan-dan-1989-21-lct-hdnn8-37690.aspx 44

[610] Second Trimester Abortion in Viet Nam: Changing to Recommended Methods and Improving Service Delivery, Tuyet T.D. Hoang, Thuy Phan and Trang N.K. Huynh, 2 September 2008.

[611] Termination of Pregnancy and Abortion in Vietnam, Angloinfo.

[612] Country Profile on Sexual and Reproductive Rights: Vietnam, Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women, 2017.

[614] ttps://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1197106/1504_1218032308_republican-decree-by-law-no-12-for-1994-concerning-crimes-and-penalties.pdf (penal code) https://yemen-nic.info/db/laws_ye/detail.php?ID=11424 art.240 https://yemen-nic.info/db/laws_ye/detail.php?ID=11755

[615] The Termination of Pregnancy Act, National Assembly of Zambia.

[616] Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (2001). National Guidelines for Post Abortion Care (PDF) (1st ed.). Harare: Hunyani Printopak. ISBN 1-779-09-010-2.

[617] "Induced Abortion and Postabortion Care in Zimbabwe". Guttmacher Institute. October 2018. In practice, it is extremely difficult to obtain a legal abortion; as a result, most abortions are clandestine and potentially unsafe. Updated as of 16 July 2019.

[618] "Termination Of Pregnancy Act [Chapter 15:10] – law.co.zw".

[620] "National Guidelines for Comprehensive Abortion care in Zimbabwe - 2014" (PDF). Ministry of Health and Child Care. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2021.

[622] Abortion Ordinance, Sovereign Base Areas Gazette, 21 October 1974.

[623] 46.3903 Authorized abortions, Annotated Code of American Samoa, American Samoa Bar Association.

[624] Criminal Code of Anguilla, Government of Anguilla, 15 December 2014.

[625] Criminal Code of Aruba, Government of Aruba, 3 July 2020. (in Dutch)

[627] Criminal Code Act 1907, Bermuda Laws Online, 30 August 2020.

[628] Criminal Code of the Virgin Islands, Government of the British Virgin Islands, 1997.

[629] Penal Code, Government of the Cayman Islands, 2019.

[630] Crimes Act 1969, Cook Islands Sessional Legislation, Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute. Sections 202–207.

[631] Crimes Bill 2017, Cook Islands Parliament.

[632] Bills, Cook Islands Parliament.

[634] Cook Islands, Population Policy Data Bank, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.

[636] Criminal Code, Government of Curaçao, 2019. (in Dutch)

[637] Much-needed abortion law is missing, Antilliaans Dagblad, 17 February 2015. (in Dutch)

Lists of countries by laws and law enforcement rankings
Age of	Candidacy for political office Consent Criminal responsibility Drinking Driving Majority Marriage in the US Retirement Mandatory retirement School-leaving Smoking in the US Voting Suffrage Youth suffrage Working
Drugs and alcohol	Drug and precursor laws by country or territory Alcohol Alcohol consumption Alcohol law Bath salts Legal status of Mephedrone Legal status of Methylone Legal status of MPDV Cocaine use Legality Methamphetamine Legality Opiate use Psychedelics Amanita mushroom Legality Ayahuasca Legality Cannabis Legality Annual use Lifetime use Ibogaine Legality LSD Legality Psilocybin mushroom Legality Salvia divinorum Legality
Death	Legality of euthanasia Homicide by decade Law enforcement killings Legality of suicide Legality of assisted suicide
Guns	Deaths Households Laws Ownership
Punishment	Corporal punishment At home At school In court Death penalty Incarceration Life imprisonment
Policing	Police brutality Prisoner abuse Size of police forces
Obscenity	Incest Laws Pornography Child pornography Fictional pornography depicting minors Simulated child pornography Internet pornography Prostitution Sex trafficking Sexual assault Child sexual abuse Rape Sodomy law
Reproduction	Abortion law Minors and abortion Adoption law International adoption Human cloning Sterilization Surrogacy
Censorship	Censorship by country Book censorship by country Cartographic censorship Film censorship by country Internet censorship by country Political censorship Video gaming censorship by country
Human rights	Children's rights Children in the military Intersex rights LGBT rights Same-sex marriage Slavery Human trafficking
Freedom of movement	By country In the air Abode
Property and environment	Air Estate Land Minerals Mining Mortgage Water Riparian water
Business	Competition Mergers and acquisitions Monopoly Corporate Corporate liability Legality of cryptocurrency
International ownership	International waters Admiralty law UN Convention on the Law of the Sea Antarctic Treaty System World Intellectual Property Organization World Intellectual Property Indicators Foreign ownership International copyright treaties
Other	Animal rights Immigration law National legal systems Religious law Separation of church and state Sharia World Justice Project
List of international rankings Lists by country

Sexual revolution
Main topics	Birth control Free love Gay liberation Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf
Milestones	Abortion law Boys in the Sand Blue Movie Myra Breckinridge Deep Throat Divorce law by country Freedom of speech Freedom of the press Golden Age of Porn Loving v. Virginia Miller Test Obergefell v. Hodges "Porno chic" Pornography Pornography in the United States Swinging The Pill (1965) United States v. One Book Called Ulysses
Slogans	"Make love, not war" "The personal is political"
Events	AIDS epidemic Kinsey Reports Masters and Johnson Institute Playboy Protests of 1968 Stonewall riots Summer of Love
People	Pat Califia Marilyn Chambers Aleister Crowley Gerard Damiano Betty Dodson Larry Flynt Sigmund Freud Ralph Ginzburg Al Goldstein Bob Guccione Terri Hall Fred Halsted Nina Hartley Hugh Hefner Magnus Hirschfeld David Hurles Virginia Johnson Alfred Kinsey Linda Lovelace Robert Mapplethorpe William Margold William Masters Radley Metzger Bettie Page Wilhelm Reich Marquis de Sade Margaret Sanger Annie Sprinkle Andy Warhol Ruth Westheimer Oscar Wilde
Places	55th Street Playhouse Caldron (sex club) Catacombs (sex club) Club Baths The Factory Gay bathhouse LGBT culture Dallas-Fort Worth Houston Miami New York City San Francisco Mineshaft (gay club) New Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre Plato's Retreat Sandstone retreat South of Market
Related	Counterculture of the 1960s Feminist views of pornography Freudo-Marxism Hippie Inside Deep Throat (2005 film) Kinsey (2004 film) LGBT Lust Lovelace (2013 film) Make Love, Not War: The Sexual Revolution: An Unfettered History (2001 book) The Notorious Bettie Page (2005 film) Peace movement Slut-shaming Whatever (1994 novel)