Calcar avis

The calcar avis, previously known as the hippocampus minor,[1] is an involution of the wall of the lateral ventricle's posterior cornu produced by the calcarine fissure.[2]

Calcar avis (calcarine spur)
Posterior and inferior cornua of left lateral ventricle exposed from the side.
Coronal section through posterior cornua of lateral ventricle.
Identifiers
NeuroNames210
TA98A14.1.09.285
TA25660
FMA83707
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

It is sometimes visible on ultrasonogram[3] and can resemble a clot.[4]

Name

The ridge was originally described by anatomists as the calcar avis, while the ridge running along the floor of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle was described by various names, in particular as the hippocampus. A classical allusion was introduced later with the term pes hippocampi, which may date back to Diemerbroeck in 1672, introducing a comparison with the shape of the folded back forelimbs and webbed feet of the Classical hippocampus (Greek: ἱππόκαμπος), a sea monster with a horse's forequarters and a fish's tail. At a subsequent stage the hippocampus was described as pes hippocampi major, with the calcar avis being named pes hippocampi minor.[5]

The renaming of the hippocampus as hippocampus major, and the calcar avis as hippocampus minor, has been attributed to Félix Vicq-d'Azyr systematising nomenclature of parts of the brain in 1786. While "hippocampus minor" was used interchangeably with "calcar avis" for much of the 19th century, for a few years after 1861 the former name was subjected to publicity and ridicule when the hippocampus minor became the centre of a dispute over human evolution between Thomas Henry Huxley and Richard Owen, satirised as the Great Hippocampus Question. The term hippocampus minor fell from use in anatomy textbooks, and was officially removed in the Nomina Anatomica of 1895, but still featured in the Encyclopædia Britannica of 1926, and appeared in general dictionaries as late as 1957.[6]

Additional images
  • Human brain right dissected lateral view

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 831 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. Owen, CM; Howard, A; Binder, DK (December 2009). "Hippocampus minor, calcar avis, and the Huxley-Owen debate". Neurosurgery. 65 (6): 1098–104, discussion 1104-5. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000359535.84445.0b. PMID 19934969. S2CID 19663125.
  2. Owen, C.; Howard, A.; Binder, D. (2009). "Hippocampus minor, calcar avis, and the Huxley-Owen debate". Neurosurgery. 65 (6): 1098–1104, discussion 1104–5. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000359535.84445.0B. PMID 19934969. S2CID 19663125.
  3. DiPietro MA, Brody BA, Teele RL (August 1985). "The calcar avis: demonstration with cranial US". Radiology. 156 (2): 363–4. doi:10.1148/radiology.156.2.4011898. PMID 4011898.
  4. Enríquez G, Correa F, Lucaya J, Piqueras J, Aso C, Ortega A (February 2003). "Potential pitfalls in cranial sonography". Pediatr Radiol. 33 (2): 110–7. doi:10.1007/s00247-002-0836-y. PMID 12557067. S2CID 21436034.
  5. Duvernoy 2005
  6. Gross 1993, p. 405
  • Duvernoy, HM (2005). "Introduction". The Human Hippocampus (3rd ed.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 1. ISBN 3-540-23191-9.
  • Gross, Charles G. (1993). "Hippocampus Minor and Man's Place in Nature: A Case Study in the Social Construction of Neuroanatomy". Hippocampus. 3 (4): 403–416. doi:10.1002/hipo.450030403. PMID 8269033. S2CID 15172043.
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