Coracobrachialis muscle
The coracobrachialis muscle is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and the short head of the biceps brachii.) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm.
| Coracobrachialis muscle | |
|---|---|
 Deep muscles of the chest and front of the arm, with the boundaries of the axilla. Coracobrachialis is shown in blue. | |
 Position of coracobrachialis muscle (shown in red) | |
| Details | |
| Origin | Coracoid process of scapula |
| Insertion | Anteromedial surface of humerus distal to crest of lesser tubercle |
| Artery | Brachial artery |
| Nerve | Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, and C7) |
| Actions | adducts humerus, flexes the arm at glenohumeral joint |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | musculus coracobrachialis |
| TA98 | A04.6.02.017 |
| TA2 | 2468 |
| FMA | 37664 |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
Structure
Coracobrachialis muscle arises from the apex of the coracoid process, in common with the short head of the biceps brachii, and from the intermuscular septum between the two muscles.
It is inserted by means of a flat tendon into an impression at the middle of the medial surface and border of the body of the humerus (shaft of the humerus) between the origins of the triceps brachii and brachialis.
Innervation
Coracobrachialis muscle is perforated by and innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, which arises from the anterior division of the upper trunk (C5, C6) and middle trunk (C7) of the brachial plexus.[1]
Development
Function
The action of the coracobrachialis is to flex and adduct the arm at the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint). Also, the coracobrachialis resists deviation of the arm from the frontal plane during abduction.[2] Therefore, the contraction of the coracobrachialis leads to two distinct movements at the shoulder joint. It both draws the humerus forward, causing flexion of the arm, and draws the humerus toward the torso, causing adduction of the arm. To a smaller extent, it also turns the humerus inwards, causing internal rotation.[3] Another important function of the coracobrachialis is the stabilization of the humeral head within the shoulder joint, especially when the arm is hanging freely at a person's side.[3]
Clinical significance
The overuse of the coracobrachialis can lead to stiffening of the muscle. Common causes of injury include chest workouts or activities that require one to press the arm very tight towards the body, e.g. work on the rings in gymnastics.[4]
Symptoms of overuse or injury are pain in the arm and shoulder, radiating down to the back of the hand. In more severe cases, the musculocutaneous nerve can get trapped, causing disturbances in sensation to the skin on the radial part of the forearm and weakened flexion of the elbow, as the nerve also supplies the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles.[3]
Actual rupture to the coracobrachialis muscle is extremely rare. Very few case reports exist in the literature, and it is reported to be caused by direct trauma to the contracted muscle. Avulsion of the muscle's origin from the coracoid as a result of indirect forces is even more unusual.[5]
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 443 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
.
- Spinner, Robert J. (2018-01-01), Morrey, Bernard F.; Sanchez-Sotelo, Joaquin; Morrey, Mark E. (eds.), "72 - Nerve Entrapment Syndromes", Morrey's the Elbow and its Disorders (Fifth Edition), Philadelphia: Elsevier, pp. 679–701, ISBN 978-0-323-34169-1, retrieved 2021-01-08
- Saladin, Kenneth S. "The Muscular System." Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2012. 346. Print.
- "Coracobrachialis Muscle." Anatomy, Function and Pathology. KenHub.
- "Coracobrachialis Muscle And Pain" paintopia.com
- Iannotti, Joseph P. and Gerald R. Williams. Disorders of the Shoulder: Diagnosis & Management, Volume 1 Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2007. 271–73. Print.
Additional images
Position of coracobrachialis muscle (shown in red). Animation.
Close up. Seen from below. Ribs are not shown.
Still image. Lateral view.
Front of right upper extremity. (Coracobrachialis labeled at right, fourth from the bottom.)
Coracobrachialis muscle (shown in green text)
Coracobrachialis muscle (shown in green text). Horizontal section of arm.
Coracobrachialis muscle (shown in green text)
Coracobrachialis muscle (shown in green text)
Coracobrachialis muscle (shown in green text)
