Er blood group system

The Er blood group system consists of five human red blood cell surface antigens, Era, Erb, Er3, Er4 and Er5.[1] The incidences of Era and Er3 are each greater than 99% of the human population, while the incidence of Erb is less than 0.01%.[2][3] Er4 and Er5 are found at a high frequency in the general population.[1]

Individuals with antibodies against Er3 may develop acute hemolytic transfusion reaction upon transfusion with an incompatible unit, while Era and Erb are unlikely to be clinically significant.[4] The clinical significance of antibodies against Er4 and Er5 is poorly understood due to a lack of data, but two cases of severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn have been reported in women with these antibodies.[1] Expression of the Er blood group antigens is controlled by the gene PIEZO1.[1]

Era was first identified in 1982 and Erb was identified in 1988.[2] Er was recognized as a blood group collection by the International Society of Blood Transfusion in 1990[2] and promoted to a blood group in 2022.[1]

References
  1. Karamatic Crew, V.; Tilley, L.A.; Satchwell, T.J.; AlSubhi, S.A.; Jones, B.; Spring, F.A.; et al. (2022). "Missense mutations in PIEZO1, encoding the Piezo1 mechanosensor protein, define the Er red blood cell antigens". Blood. doi:10.1182/blood.2022016504.
  2. The Blood Group Antigen FactsBook, Elsevier, 2012, doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-415849-8.00038-7, ISBN 978-0-12-415849-8, retrieved 2021-01-28
  3. Daniels, G. L.; Fletcher, A.; Garratty, G.; Henry, S.; Jørgensen, J.; Judd, W. J.; Levene, C.; Lomas-Francis, C.; Moulds, J. J.; Moulds, J. M.; Moulds, M. (November 2004). "Blood group terminology 2004: from the International Society of Blood Transfusion committee on terminology for red cell surface antigens". Vox Sanguinis. 87 (4): 304–316. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.2004.00564.x. hdl:2027.42/73460. ISSN 0042-9007. PMID 15585029. S2CID 1430414.
  4. Modern blood banking & transfusion practices. Harmening, Denise. (6th ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. 2012. ISBN 978-0-8036-2682-9. OCLC 762374313.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
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