Flexor pollicis brevis muscle

The flexor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that flexes the thumb. It is one of three thenar muscles.[1][2] It has both a superficial part and a deep part.

Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
Superficial muscles of the left hand, palmar view.
Details
Origintrapezium, flexor retinaculum
Insertionthumb, proximal phalanx
ArterySuperficial palmar arch
NerveRecurrent branch of the median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head)
ActionsFlexes the thumb at the first metacarpophalangeal joint
AntagonistExtensor pollicis longus and brevis
Identifiers
Latinmusculus flexor pollicis brevis
TA98A04.6.02.055
TA22522
FMA37378
Anatomical terms of muscle

Origin and insertion

The muscle's superficial head arises from the distal edge of the flexor retinaculum and the tubercle of the trapezium, the most lateral bone in the distal row of carpal bones.[1] It passes along the radial side of the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus.

The deeper (and medial) head "varies in size and may be absent."[3] It arises from the trapezoid and capitate bones on the floor of the carpal tunnel, as well as the ligaments of the distal carpal row.[4]

Both heads become tendinous and insert together into the radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb;[2] at the junction between the tendinous heads there is a sesamoid bone.[5]

Innervation

The superficial head is usually innervated by the lateral terminal branch of the median nerve.[1] The deep part is often innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1).[2][6]

Blood supply

The flexor pollicis brevis receives its blood supply from the superficial palmar branches of radial artery.[7]

Action

The flexor pollicis brevis flexes the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint,[1] as well as flexion and medial rotation of the 1st metacarpal bone at the carpometacarpal joint.[8]

Pathology

Flexor pollicis brevis can, rarely, be completely absent at birth due to a congenital issue (as can the other muscles of the thenar eminence).[9]

Additional images

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 461 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. Fernández-de-las-Peñas, César; Iglesias, Javier González; Gröbli, Christian; Weissmann, Ricky (2012-01-01), Dommerholt, Jan; Fernández-de-las-Peñas, César (eds.), "8 - Deep dry needling of the arm and hand muscles", Trigger Point Dry Needling, Oxford: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 107–118, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4601-8.00008-6, ISBN 978-0-7020-4601-8, retrieved 2020-10-25
  2. Strickland, James W. (2006-01-01), Henderson, Anne; Pehoski, Charlane (eds.), "Chapter 2 - Anatomy and Kinesiology of the Hand", Hand Function in the Child (Second Edition), Saint Louis: Mosby, pp. 21–44, doi:10.1016/b978-032303186-8.50005-8, ISBN 978-0-323-03186-8, retrieved 2020-10-25
  3. Gray's 37th British Edition, p. 630"
  4. Gray's 37th British Edition, p. 630"
  5. Gray's Anatomy 1918, see infobox
  6. Gray's 37th British Edition, p. 630"
  7. "Brachium to Hand Musculature". PTCentral. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012.
  8. Gray's 37th British Edition, p. 630"
  9. Iyer, K. M.; Stanley, J. K. (2017-07-18). "Congenital Absence of Flexor Pollicis Brevis and Abductor Pollicis Brevis". Hand. 14 (3): 313–316. doi:10.1016/S0072-968X(82)80067-3. PMID 7152382. S2CID 41628800.
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