Interventricular septum

The interventricular septum (IVS, or ventricular septum, or during development septum inferius) is the stout wall separating the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart, from one another.

Interventricular septum
Section of the heart showing the ventricular septum.
Interior dorsal half of heart of nearly 5 weeks old human embryo. (Labeled as 'septum inferius')
Details
Part ofHeart
Arteryanterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery and Posterior interventricular artery
Identifiers
Latinseptum interventriculare cordis
MeSHD054088
TA98A12.1.00.013
TA23970
FMA7133
Anatomical terminology

The ventricular septum is directed obliquely backward to the right and curved with the convexity toward the right ventricle; its margins correspond with the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci. The lower part of the septum, which is the major part, is thick and muscular, and its much smaller upper part is thin and membraneous.[1]

During each cardiac cycle the interventricular septum contracts by shortening longitudinally and becoming thicker.

Structure
Beginning of the interventricular septum shown at 28 days

The interventricular septum is the stout wall separating the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart, from one another.

The ventricular septum is directed obliquely backward to the right, and curved with the convexity toward the right ventricle; its margins correspond with the anterior and posterior longitudinal sulci. The greater portion of it is thick and muscular and constitutes the muscular interventricular septum. Its upper and posterior part, which separates the aortic vestibule from the lower part of the right atrium and upper part of the right ventricle, is thin and fibrous, and is termed the membranous ventricular septum.

Blood supply

The posterior interventricular artery, a branch of right coronary artery, supplies the posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum. The remaining anterior 2/3 is supplied by the anterior interventricular artery which is a septal branch of the left anterior descending artery, which is a branch of left coronary artery.

Development
Main article: Heart development

The muscular part of the interventricular septum derives from the bulboventricular flange which is developed due to differential growth of primitive ventricle and bulbous cordis. Membranous part has a neural crest origin which connects the upper free margin of the bulboventricular flange and anterior and posterior endocardial cushions of atrio ventricular canal. It also gets attached to lower border of spiral septum or the aortico pulmonary septum.

In the final stages of the heart development, the interatrial septum aligns in the same plane as the interventricular septum. The gap between the interatrial septum and interventricular septum forms the membranous part of interventricular septum.[2]

Clinical significance

A ventricular septal defect (VSD), a hole in the interventricular septum is one of the four congenital defects of the condition of tetralogy of Fallot. A VSD can cause a left-to-right shunt of blood flow in the heart, and is one of the most common of the congenital heart defects. This type of shunt is an acyanotic disorder that can result in ventricular hypertrophy.[3]

The alignment of interventricular septum and interatrial septum is disturbed in various congenital heart diseases.[4]

Additional images
  • Heart normal short axis echo

References
  1. "Interventricular septum".
  2. MORRIS EW (December 1957). "The interventricular septum". Thorax. 12 (4): 304–12. doi:10.1136/thx.12.4.304. PMC 1019182. PMID 13496033.
  3. Pillitteri, Adele (2010). Maternal & Child Health Nursing: Care of the Childbearing & Childrearing Family. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781582559995.
  4. Yoo, Shi‐Joon; Saito, Mika; Hussein, Nabil; Golding, Fraser; Goo, Hyun Woo; Lee, Whal; Lam, Christopher Z.; Seed, Mike; Dragulescu, Andreea (2020-11-17). "Systematic Approach to Malalignment Type Ventricular Septal Defects". Journal of the American Heart Association. 9 (22): e018275. doi:10.1161/JAHA.120.018275. ISSN 2047-9980. PMC 7763733. PMID 33170057.
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