Malaise
As a medical term, malaise is a feeling of general discomfort, uneasiness, or pain, and often the first sign of an infection or other disease.[1] The word has existed in French since at least the 12th century.
| Malaise | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Discomfort, uneasiness |
| Pronunciation |
|
| Specialty | Family medicine, Internal medicine, Pediatrics, Geriatrics, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology |
| Symptoms | Feeling of uneasiness or discomfort |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms |
| Differential diagnosis | Pain, anxiety, depression |
The term is often used figuratively in other contexts, in addition to its meaning as a general state of angst or melancholy.
Cause
Malaise is a non-specific symptom and can be present in the slightest ailment, such as an emotion (causing fainting, a vasovagal response) or hunger (light hypoglycemia[2]), to the most serious conditions (cancer, stroke, heart attack, internal bleeding, etc.).
Malaise expresses a patient's uneasiness that "something is not right" that may need a medical examination to determine the significance.
Malaise is thought to be caused by the activation of an immune response, and the associated pro-inflammatory cytokines.[3]
Figurative use
"Economic malaise" refers to an economy that is stagnant or in recession (compare depression). The term is particularly associated with the 1973–75 United States recession.[4] An era of American automotive history, centered around the 1970s, is similarly called the "malaise era."
A speech made by US President Jimmy Carter in 1979 is commonly referred to as the "malaise speech", although the word itself was not actually in the speech.[5]
See also
- Ennui
- Fatigue (medical)
- Malaise Créole
- Post-exertional malaise
- Prodrome
- Torpor
Notes and references
- "Malaise: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 2016-09-16.
- Sommerfield, Andrew J.; Deary, Ian J.; McAulay, Vincent; Frier, Brian M. (1 February 2003). "Short-Term, Delayed, and Working Memory Are Impaired During Hypoglycemia in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes". Diabetes Care. 26 (2): 390–396. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2.390. PMID 12547868. Archived from the original on 13 September 2016 – via care.diabetesjournals.org.
- Dantzer, Robert (1 December 2016). "Cytokine, Sickness Behavior, and Depression". Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America. 29 (2): 247–264. doi:10.1016/j.iac.2009.02.002. ISSN 0889-8561. PMC 2740752. PMID 19389580.
- One example can be found in The Next 200 Years: A Scenario for America and the World, by Herman Kahn et al., published in 1976, p. 2.
- ""Crisis of Confidence" Speech (July 15, 1979)". Miller Center, University of Virginia. Archived from the original (text and video) on July 21, 2009.
