Oncocytoma

An oncocytoma is a tumor made up of oncocytes, epithelial cells characterized by an excessive amount of mitochondria, resulting in an abundant acidophilic, granular cytoplasm.[1][2] The cells and the tumor that they compose are often benign but sometimes may be premalignant or malignant.

Oncocytoma
Micrograph of a parotid gland oncocytoma (right of image). Normal parotid gland is also present (left of image). H&E stain.
SpecialtyOncology 

Presentation

An oncocytoma is an epithelial tumor composed of oncocytes, large eosinophilic cells having small, round, benign-appearing nuclei with large nucleoli.

Oncocytoma can arise in a number of organs.

Renal oncocytoma
Main article: Renal oncocytoma

Renal oncocytoma is thought to arise from the intercalated cells of collecting ducts of the kidney. It represents 5% to 15% of surgically resected renal neoplasms.

Salivary gland oncocytoma
Oncocytoma of the salivary gland. This lesion presented as a lateral anterior neck mass. At surgery, it was found to be a soft 3.0 × 2.1 × 1.8 cm tumor of the submandibular salivary gland. The photo shows the characteristic dark color of an oncocytoma, a rare type of benign neoplasm, at the left side of the image (the normal lobulated salivary gland tissue is to the right).

The salivary gland oncocytoma is a well-circumscribed, benign neoplastic growth also called an oxyphilic adenoma. It comprises about 1% of all salivary gland tumors. The histopathology is marked by sheets of large swollen polyhedral epithelial oncocytes, which are granular acidophilic parotid cells with centrally located nuclei. The granules are created by the mitochondria.

Symptoms

Salivary gland oncocytomas are most common in ages 70–80, females, the parotid gland (85–90%), and are firm, slowly growing, painless masses of less than 4 cm. They may be bilateral.

Thyroid oncocytoma

Thyroid oncocytomas can be benign (adenomas) or malignant (carcinomas). Also known as Hürtle cell tumours. Grossly, oncocytic adenomas are encapsulated, solid nodules with a characteristic brown cut surface. The gross appearance of a minimally invasive oncocytic carcinoma is indistinguishable to that of an adenoma, while widely invasive oncocytic carcinomas are obviously invasive macroscopically and display pervasive vascular invasion with multifocal involvement of the thyroid gland. There are no reliable cytologic features which distinguish oncocytic adenomas from carcinomas and the only criterion for a diagnosis of malignancy is the identification of transcapsular or vascular invasion.

Symptoms

Patients with thyroid oncocytomas present with a thyroid nodule, usually with normal thyroid function. If the tumor is big or invasive, there may be other symptoms such as difficulty swallowing or talking.

Additional images

See also

References
  1. Coburn V, Radfar A, Snook D, Mahalingam M (April 2007). "Cutaneous oncocytoma - a report of three cases and review of the literature". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology. 34 (4): 355–359. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2006.00620.x. PMID 17381809. S2CID 19955625.
  2. "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology - Thyroid:oncocytic tumors". Retrieved 2009-02-01.
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