Prime Minister of Albania

The Prime Minister of Albania (Albanian: Kryeministri i Shqipërisë), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Kryeministri i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and the most powerful and influential person in Albanian politics. The prime minister holds the executive power of the nation and represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings.

Prime Minister of Albania
Kryeministri i Shqipërisë
Incumbent
Edi Rama
since 13 September 2013
StyleHis Excellency (diplomatic)
Member ofCouncil of Ministers
ResidenceKryeministria
AppointerPresident of the Republic of Albania
Term lengthFour years, renewable
Formation29 November 1912 (1912-11-29)
First holderIsmail Qemali
Salary228,730 lek monthly[1]
Websitekryeministria.al
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 Albania  •  Politics portal

The prime minister is appointed by the president of Albania after each general election and must have the confidence of the Parliament of Albania to stay in office. The Council is responsible for carrying out both foreign and domestic policies. It directs and controls the activities of the ministries and other state organs. The prime minister is elected on the basis of universal suffrage, through a secret ballot, for a four-year term. The Constitution of Albania sets no limit as to office terms of the prime minister.

The 33rd and current officeholder is Edi Rama of the Socialist Party who was elected on 23 June 2013 and started his first four-year-term on 13 September 2013.

Powers, duties and responsibilities

The prime minister of the Albania, officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania, is the most powerful and influential state officeholder in the Albanian system of government.

One important role of the president is to designate a candidate for the office of prime minister who, in the opinion of the president, is best able to command a majority of the members of the Parliament.[2] As head of government, the prime minister is charged with directing the internal policy of the country and leads the public administration. In this regard, the government cooperates with other interested social actors. If the prime minister is temporarily absent or incapable of exercising its executive power, the deputy prime minister takes over his functions, such as chairing the cabinet and the council of ministers.

The Constitution states that the prime minister represents the council of ministers and chairs its meetings,[3] outlines and presents the principal general policies of the state and is responsible for them, assures the implementation of legislation and policies approved by the Council of Ministers, coordinates and supervises the work of the members of the Council of Ministers and other institutions of the central state administration, performs other duties contemplated in the Constitution and laws, resolves disagreements among ministers, and issues orders in the exercise of his powers.[4] The prime minister can also initiate a proceeding of the Constitutional Court of Albania.[5]

Oath

Before assuming duty, the prime minister-elect is required to take an oath of office before the President, swearing loyalty to the Constitution. The text of the oath in its Albanian form is sensitive to gender and all nouns always retain a neutral form. The prime minister-elect takes the following oath of office, specified by the Constitution:[6][7]

Albanian: Betohem se do t’i bindem Kushtetutës dhe ligjeve të vendit, do të respektoj të drejtat dhe liritë e shtetasve, do të mbroj pavarësinë e Republikës së Shqipërisë dhe do t’i shërbej interesit të përgjithshëm dhe përparimit të Popullit Shqiptar. (The President may add:) Zoti më ndihmoftë!

English:

I swear that I will obey to the Constitution and laws of the country, that I will respect the rights and freedoms of citizens, protect the independence of the Republic of Albania, and I will serve the general interest and the progress of the Albanian People. (The President may add:) God help me! (optative)

Office and residence
The facade of the Kryeministria.

The Prime Minister's Office (Albanian: Kryeministria) is the official office and residence of the prime minister. It provides secretarial assistance to the prime minister. The prime minister through his office coordinates with all ministers in the central union cabinet, minister of independent charges and governors and ministers of state government. Furthermore informal meetings between the prime minister and other government or foreign officials takes place in the Office. It also consists of the immediate staff of the prime minister of Albania, as well as multiple levels of support staff reporting to the prime minister. Since 1941, the building serves as the office and residence of the prime minister. The building is in the capital city of Tirana at the Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard, near the Mother Teresa Square.

The building was planned by the Italian architects Florestano Di Fausto and Gherardo Bosio, and constructed together with the Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard, the Mother Teresa Square and all the buildings located on these squares, during the Italian occupation of Albania in 1939 to 1941, in a Rationalist style.

List of prime ministers (1912–present)
No. Portrait Name Term in office Government
Albania (1912–1914)[8]
1st Ismail Qemali
(1844–1919)
 4 December 1912 22 January 1914 Provisional Government
1 year, 49 days
— International Control Commission 22 January 1914 7 March 1914 Members
54 days
Principality of Albania (1914–1925)
2nd Turhan Pasha Përmeti
(1846–1927)
 14 March 1914 3 September 1914 Përmeti Governments (I and II)
173 days
3rd Esad Toptani
(1863–1920)
 5 October 1914 27 January 1916 Toptani Government
1 year, 114 days
Austro-Hungarian Command
(23 January 1916 – 30 October 1918)
— Turhan Pasha Përmeti
(1846–1927)
 25 December 1918 29 January 1920 Përmeti III Government
1 year, 35 days
4th Sulejman Delvina
(1884–1933)
 30 January 1920 14 November 1920 Delvina Government
289 days
5th Ilias Vrioni
(1882–1932)
 15 November 1920 16 October 1921 Vrioni Governments (I and II)
335 days
6th Pandeli Evangjeli
(1859–1949)
 16 October 1921 6 December 1921 Evangjeli I Government
51 days
7th Qazim Koculi
Acting Prime Minister
(1887–1943)
 6 December 1921 6 December 1921 Koculi Government
0 days
8th Hasan Prishtina
(1873–1933)
 7 December 1921 12 December 1921 Prishtina Government
5 days
9th Idhomen Kosturi
Acting Prime Minister
(1873–1943)
 12 December 1921 24 December 1921 Kosturi Government
12 days
10th Xhafer Ypi
(1880–1940)
 24 December 1921 2 December 1922 Ypi Government
343 days
11th Ahmet Zogu
(1895–1961)
 2 December 1922 25 February 1924 Zogu I Government
1 year, 85 days
12th Shefqet Vërlaci
(1877–1946)
 3 March 1924 27 May 1924 Vërlaci Government
85 days
— Ilias Vrioni
(1882–1932)
 30 May 1924 10 June 1924 Vrioni III Government
11 days
13th Fan Noli
(1882–1965)
 16 June 1924 24 December 1924 Noli Government
191 days
— Ahmet Zogu
(1895–1961)
 6 January 1925 31 January 1925 Zogu II Government
260 days
During the period of the Republic, the role of the prime minister was exercised by the Minister of Justice.[lower-alpha 1]
(1 February 1925 – 1 September 1928)
Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)
14th Kostaq Kotta
(1886–1947)
 5 September 1928 5 March 1930 Kotta I Government
1 year, 181 days
— Pandeli Evangjeli
(1859–1949)
 6 March 1930 16 October 1935 Evangjeli Governments (II, III and IV)
5 years, 224 days
15th Mehdi Frashëri
(1872–1963)
 21 October 1935 7 November 1936 Frashëri Government
1 year, 17 days
— Kostaq Kotta
(1886–1947)
 9 November 1936 7 April 1939 Kotta II Government
2 years, 149 days
Interim Administrative Committee
(8 April 1939 – 12 April 1939)
Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)
— Shefqet Vërlaci
(1877–1946)
 12 April 1939 3 December 1941 Vërlaci II Government
2 years, 235 days
16th Mustafa Merlika-Kruja
(1887–1958)
 3 December 1941 4 January 1943 Merlika-Kruja Government
1 year, 32 days
17th Ekrem Libohova
(1882–1948)
 18 January 1943 11 February 1943 Libohova I Government
24 days
18th Maliq Bushati
(1880–1946)
 12 February 1943 28 April 1943 Bushati Government
75 days
— Ekrem Libohova
(1882–1948)
 11 May 1943 12 September 1943 Libohova II Government
124 days
German occupation of Albania (1943–1944)
Interim Executive Committee
(14 September 1943 – 4 November 1943)
19th Rexhep Mitrovica
(1887–1967)
 5 November 1943 16 June 1944 Mitrovica Government
224 days
20th Fiqri Dine
(1897–1960)
 18 July 1944 28 August 1944[9] Dine Government
41 days
21st Ibrahim Biçakçiu
(1905–1977)
 6 September 1944 25 October 1944 Biçaku Government
49 days
People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1944–1991)
22nd Enver Hoxha
(1908–1985)
 23 October 1944 19 July 1954 Hoxha Governments (I, II and III)
9 years, 269 days
23rd Mehmet Shehu
(1913–1981)
 20 July 1954 18 December 1981 Shehu Governments (I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII)
27 years, 151 days
24th Adil Çarçani
(1922–1997)
 18 December 1981 21 February 1991 Çarçani Governments (I, II and III)
9 years, 65 days
Republic of Albania (1991–present)
25th Fatos Nano
(born 1952)
 22 February 1991 4 June 1991 Nano Governments (I and II)
102 days
26th Ylli Bufi
(born 1948)
 11 June 1991 6 December 1991 Government of Stability
178 days
27th Vilson Ahmeti
(born 1951)
 18 December 1991 13 April 1992 Ahmeti Government
117 days
28th Aleksandër Meksi
(born 1939)
 13 April 1992 1 March 1997 Meksi Governments (I and II)
4 years, 322 days
29th Bashkim Fino
(1962–2021)
 11 March 1997 24 July 1997 Fino Government
135 days
— Fatos Nano
(born 1952)
 25 July 1997 28 September 1998 Nano III Government
1 year, 65 days
30th Pandeli Majko
(born 1967)
 2 October 1998 25 October 1999 Majko I Government
1 year, 23 days
31st Ilir Meta
(born 1969)
 28 October 1999 29 January 2002 Meta Governments (I and II)
2 years, 93 days
— Pandeli Majko
(born 1967)
 22 February 2002 25 July 2002 Majko II Government
153 days
— Fatos Nano
(born 1952)
 29 July 2002 10 September 2005 Nano IV Government
3 years, 43 days
32nd Sali Berisha
(born 1944)
 11 September 2005 11 September 2013 Berisha Governments (I and II)
8 years, 0 days
33rd Edi Rama
(born 1964)
 13 September 2013 Incumbent Rama Governments (I, II and III)
9 years, 53 days

See also
  • List of Albanian monarchs
  • List of heads of state of Albania
  • Deputy Prime Minister of Albania

Notes
  1. Ministers of Justice during that time were Petro Poga, Milto Tutulani, Josif Kedhi, Petro Poga (again), Ilias Vrioni and Hiqmet Delvina.

References
  1. Halili, Eduart (23 December 2021). "Govt Salaries Made Public through Data Leak". Albanian Daily News. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  2. "1998 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA". osce.org. p. 19. At the beginning of a legislature, as well as when the position of Prime Minister is vacant, the President of the Republic appoints the Prime Minister on the proposal of the party or coalition of parties that has the majority of seats in the Assembly.
  3. "1998 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA". osce.org. p. 20. represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings;
  4. Article 102, Section 1-3 of the Constitution of Albania (22 November 1998)
  5. Article 134, Section 1(b) of the Constitution of Albania (22 November 1998)
  6. "1998 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA". osce.org. p. 19. Before taking office, the Prime Minister, the deputy prime minister, and the ministers take an oath before the President of the Republic.
  7. "KUSHTETUTA E REPUBLIKËS SË SHQIPËRISË" (PDF). wipo.int (in Albanian). Betohem se do t'i bindem Kushtetutes dhe ligjeve te vendit, do te respektoj te drejtat dhe lirite e shtetasve, do te mbroj pavaresine e Republikes se Shqiperise dhe do t'i sherbej interesit te pergjithshem dhe perparimit te Popullit Shqiptar". Presidenti mund te shtoje edhe: "zoti me ndihmofte
  8. Dervishi, Kastriot (2012). Kryeministrat dhe ministrat e shtetit shqiptar në 100 vjet. Tiranë: Shtëpia Botuese "55". p. 273. ISBN 978-9994356225. OCLC 861296248.
  9. Pearson, Owen (2005). Albania in Occupation and War: From Fascism to Communism, 1940-1945. London: The Centre for Albanian Studies. p. 1982. ISBN 1-84511-014-5.
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