President of North Macedonia

The President of the Republic of North Macedonia (Macedonian: Претседател на Република Северна Македонија; Albanian: Presidenti i Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut) is the head of state of North Macedonia.

President of the Republic of North Macedonia
Претседател на Република Северна Македонија (Macedonian)
Presidenti i Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut (Albanian)
Presidential Coat of arms
Incumbent
Stevo Pendarovski
since 12 May 2019
StatusHead of State
ResidenceVilla Vodno[1]
AppointerDirect election
Term lengthFive years
renewable once
Constituting instrumentConstitution of North Macedonia
Formation16 April 1991
First holderKiro Gligorov
Salary17,250 USD annually[2]
Websitepretsedatel.mk
Politics of North Macedonia
Constitution
  • Human rights
    LGBT rights
  • Language and politics
Executive
  • President
    Stevo Pendarovski
  • Prime Minister
    Dimitar Kovačevski
Legislature
  • Assembly
    President: Talat Xhaferi
Elections
  • Recent elections
    • Presidential: 2014
    • 2019
    • Parliamentary: 2016
    • 2020
    • Local: 2013
    • 2017
    • 2021
  • Political parties
Administrative divisions
    • Municipalities
    • Regions
Foreign relations
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    Minister: Bujar Osmani
  • Diplomatic missions of / in North Macedonia
  • Nationality law
  • Passport
  • Visa requirements
  • Visa policy
 North Macedonia portal
  • Other countries

The office was first established a few months before the declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. The first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president in the world until his resignation in 1999. Although largely a ceremonial position, with most of the legislative power being vested in the prime minister and the Assembly, the president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the first body for performing foreign affairs.[3][4]

Presidential rights and obligations are determined by the Constitution and laws. The president must be a citizen of North Macedonia, be over 40 years of age and have lived in North Macedonia for at least ten of the previous fifteen years before election.[5]

Electoral system

The president of North Macedonia is elected using a modified two-round system; a candidate can only be elected in the first round of voting if they receive the equivalent of over 50% of the vote from all registered voters.[6] In the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be deemed valid.[7]

The Constitution mandates that the president must be over 40 years of age and have lived in the country for ten of the last fifteen years before election day.

Before 2009, the constitution required a 50% turnout in the second round. The XXXI amendment to the constitution, voted on 9 January 2009 by all 86 present deputies, lowered it to the current 40%,[8] as the government feared the tendency of ever lower election turnout would make presidential elections frequently invalidated. In the 2009 Macedonian presidential election that followed, the turnout in the second round ended up being 42.6%.[9]

History

During the period of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, there was a collective presidency which was abolished in 1991. Its first president was Metodija Andonov Čento, elected at the first plenary session of ASNOM, when the modern state was formed, while the last one was Vladimir Mitkov.[10]

Following the transition from socialist system to parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia changed the collective leadership with a single-president post in 1991, few months before independence. Kiro Gligorov became the first president of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on 27 January 1991.[11] On 16 April 1991 the parliament adopted a constitutional amendment removing the term "Socialist" from the official name of the country, and on 7 June of the same year, the new name Republic of Macedonia was officially established.[12] Hence Gligorov continued his function as President of the Republic of Macedonia.

After the process of dissolution of Yugoslavia began, the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed full independence following a referendum held on 8 September 1991. Kiro Gligorov was incapacitated after an assassination attempt in 1995. Stojan Andov served as acting president for 44 days during Gligorov's incapacitation. On completing his second term as head of the independent state, Gligorov was succeeded by Boris Trajkovski in 1999. Following Trajkovski's death in 2004, he was succeeded by Branko Crvenkovski. Gjorge Ivanov won the 2009 presidential election and took office on 12 May 2009. He was re-elected in 2014. Stevo Pendarovski is the current incumbent and he took the office on 12 May 2019.

List of presidents

SR Macedonia
Parties

  KPM/SKM   Independent

Status
  Acting President
No. Name
(Birth–Death)		 Portrait Term of office Political party
President of Initiatory Committee for Anti-Fascist Assembly of People's Liberation of Macedonia
1943–1944
1 Metodija Andonov-Čento
(1902–1957)		1 October 19432 August 1944KPM
Chairman of the Anti-Fascist Assembly of People's Liberation (ASNOM)
1944–1945
Metodija Andonov-Čento
(1902–1957)		2 August 19441 January 1945KPM
Presidents of the Presidium of the People's Assembly
1945–1953
Metodija Andonov-Čento
(1902–1957)		1 January 194515 March 1946KPM
— Dimitar Nestorov
(1890–1968)		16 March 194630 December 1946KPM
2 Blagoja Fotev
(1900–1993)		19474 January 1951KPM
— Vidoe Smilevski
(1915–1979)		4 January 19511953KPM
renamed in 1952 to
SKM
Presidents of the People's Assembly
1953–1974
3 Dimče Stojanov
(1910–1991)		195319 December 1953SKM
4 Lazar Koliševski
(1914–2000)		19 December 195326 June 1962SKM
5 Ljupčo Arsov
(1910–1986)		26 June 196224 June 1963SKM
6 Vidoe Smilevski
(1915–1979)		25 June 196312 May 1967SKM
7 Mito Hadživasilev
(1921–1968)		12 May 19671 August 1968SKM
8 Nikola Minčev
(1915–1997)		23 December 19686 May 1974SKM
Presidents of the Presidency
1974–1991
9 Vidoe Smilevski
(1915–1979)		6 May 197431 October 1979SKM
10 Ljupčo Arsov
(1910–1986)		31 October 197929 April 1982SKM
11 Angel Čemerski
(1923–2005)		29 April 198229 April 1983SKM
12 Blagoja Taleski
(1924–2001)		29 April 198329 April 1984SKM
13 Tome Bukleski
(1921–2018)		29 April 198426 April 1985SKM
14 Vančo Apostolski
(1925–2008)		26 April 198528 April 1986SKM
— Mateja Matevski
(1929–2018)		28 April 198630 April 1986SKM
15 Dragoljub Stavrev
(1932–2003)		30 April 1986May 1988SKM
16 Jezdimir Bogdanski
(1930–2007)		May 198828 April 1990SKM
17 Vladimir Mitkov
(born 1931)		28 April 199027 January 1991SKM
18 Kiro Gligorov
(1917–2012)		27 January 199118 September 1991Independent

Republic of Macedonia / North Macedonia
Parties

  LPM   DA   VMRO-DPMNE   SDSM   Independent

Status
  Acting president
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political party Election
Took office Left office Time in office
1
Kiro Gligorov
(1917–2012)		18 September 19914 October 19954 years, 16 daysIndependent1994
–
Stojan Andov
(born 1935)
Acting		4 October 199517 November 199544 daysLPM—
(1)
Kiro Gligorov
(1917–2012)		17 November 199519 November 19994 years, 2 daysIndependent–
–
Savo Klimovski
(born 1947)
Acting		19 November 199915 December 199926 daysDA—
2
Boris Trajkovski
(1956–2004)		15 December 199926 February 2004 †4 years, 73 daysVMRO-DPMNE1999
–
Ljupčo Jordanovski
(1953–2010)
Acting		26 February 200412 May 200476 daysSDSM—
3
Branko Crvenkovski
(born 1962)		12 May 200412 May 20095 years, 0 daysSDSM2004
4
Gjorge Ivanov
(born 1960)		12 May 200912 May 201910 years, 0 daysVMRO-DPMNE2009
2014
5
Stevo Pendarovski
(born 1963)		12 May 2019Incumbent3 years, 177 daysSDSM2019

Latest election
Candidate Party First round Second round
Votes % Votes %
Blerim RekaIndependent79.88810,60
Gordana Siljanovska-DavkovaVMRO-DPMNE318.34142,25377.71344,73
Stevo PendarovskiSocial Democratic Union of Macedonia322.58142,81436.21253,59
Invalid/blank votes32.6964,3430.4373,60
Total753.520100844.360100
Registered voters/turnout1.808.13141,671,808,13146,70
Source: SEC

See also
  • Vice President of North Macedonia
  • Prime Minister of North Macedonia
  • List of presidents of the Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia

References
  1. "www.dnevnik.com.mk". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011.
  2. "Infographic: What are the Monthly Salaries of Presidents in the Region". Sarajevo Times. 25 February 2018.
  3. "Macedonian President Urges Boycott Of Name Referendum". Radio Free Europe. 27 September 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  4. "Stevo Pendarovski wins North Macedonia's presidential election". Al Jazeera. 6 May 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  5. Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia, Article 80.
  6. Polls Open in Macedonia Presidential Elections Balkan Insight, 13 April 2014
  7. AMENDMENT XXXI Constitution of North Macedonia
  8. "The Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia". www.sobranie.mk.
  9. Anna Fruhstorfer; Michael Hein (12 October 2016). Constitutional Politics in Central and Eastern Europe: From Post-Socialist Transition to the Reform of Political Systems. Springer. pp. 325–. ISBN 978-3-658-13762-5.
  10. "Prof. Dr. Vladimir Mitkov - Faculty of Law, University of Skopje". Archived from the original on 30 June 2012.
  11. Kiro Gligorov was elected as a President on 27 January 1991, when the Socialist Republic of Macedonia was still an official name of the state. After the change of the state's name, he continued his function as a President of the Republic of Macedonia The Official Site of The President of the Republic of Macedonia Archived 2009-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
  12. "On This Day" - Macedonian Information Agency - MIA Archived 2008-01-25 at the Wayback Machine, see: 1991 (in Macedonian)
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