Prime Minister of Yugoslavia

The prime minister of Yugoslavia (Serbian: Премијер Југославије, romanized: Premijer Jugoslavije) was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.

Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
Премијер Југославије
Premijer Jugoslavije
Standard of the Prime Minister
(SFR Yugoslavia)
Longest serving
Josip Broz Tito
2 November 1944 – 29 June 1963
Government of Yugoslavia
Member ofParliament of Yugoslavia
Reports toKing of Yugoslavia (Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) (1918–1945)
President of Yugoslavia (1945–1971)
Presidency of Yugoslavia (1971–1992)
SeatBelgrade, Serbia
NominatorKing of Yugoslavia (Serbs, Croats and Slovenes) (1918–1945)
Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
AppointerParliament of Yugoslavia
PrecursorPrime Minister of Serbia
President of the National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
Formation1 December 1918 (1 December 1918)
First holderStojan Protić
Final holderAnte Marković
Abolished14 July 1992 (14 July 1992)
Superseded byPrime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Prime Minister of Croatia
Prime Minister of North Macedonia
Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
Prime Minister of Slovenia
DeputyDeputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia

History

Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Main article: Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created by the unification of the Kingdom of Serbia (Montenegro had united with Serbia five days previously, while the regions of Kosovo and Metohija, Baranya, Syrmia, Banat, Bačka and Vardar Macedonia were parts of Serbia prior to the unification) and the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (itself formed from territories of the former Austria-Hungary) on 1 December 1918.

Until 6 January 1929, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was a parliamentary monarchy. On that day, King Alexander I abolished the Vidovdan Constitution (adopted in 1921), prorogued the National Assembly and introduced a personal dictatorship (so-called 6 January Dictatorship).[1] He renamed the country Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 3 October 1929, and although introduced the 1931 Constitution, he continued to rule as a de facto absolute monarch until his assassination on 9 October 1934, during a state visit to France. After his assassination, parliamentary monarchy was put back in place.

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was defeated and occupied on 17 April 1941 after the German invasion. The monarchy was formally abolished and the republic proclaimed on 29 November 1945.

In 1945 there were ten living former prime ministers. Out of these, Nikola Uzunović, Dušan Simović, Miloš Trifunović and Ivan Šubašić lived in the Democratic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia while Petar Živković, Bogoljub Jevtić, Milan Stojadinović, Dragiša Cvetković, Slobodan Jovanović and Božidar Purić remained in exile.

SFR Yugoslavia
Main article: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

After the German invasion and fragmentation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Partisan resistance in occupied Yugoslavia formed a deliberative council, the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) in 1942. On 29 November 1943 the AVNOJ proclaimed the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, and appointed the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ), led by Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito, as its government. Josip Broz Tito was quickly recognized by the Allies at the Tehran Conference, and the royalist government-in-exile in London was pressured into agreeing on a merge with the NKOJ. In order to facilitate this, Ivan Šubašić was appointed by the King to head the London government.

For a period, Yugoslavia had two recognized prime ministers and governments (which both agreed to formally merge as soon as possible): Josip Broz Tito leading the NKOJ in occupied Yugoslavia, and Ivan Šubašić leading the King's government-in-exile in London. With the Tito-Šubašić Agreement in 1944, the two prime ministers agreed that the new joint government would be led by Tito. After the liberation of Yugoslavia's capital Belgrade in October 1944, the joint government was officially formed on 2 November 1944, with Josip Broz Tito as the prime minister.

After the war, elections were held ending in an overwhelming victory for Tito's People's Front. The new parliament deposed King Peter II on 29 November 1945, and declared a Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (in 1963, the state was renamed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). The government was first headed by a prime minister up to 14 January 1953, when major decentralization reforms reorganized the government into the Federal Executive Council chaired by a President, who was still usually called "Prime Minister" in non-Yugoslav sources. Josip Broz Tito held the post from 1944 to 1963; from 1953 onward, he was also President of the Republic.

Five out of nine heads of government of Yugoslavia in this period were of Croatian ethnicity. Three were from Croatia itself (Josip Broz Tito, Mika Špiljak, and Milka Planinc), while two were Bosnian Croats (Branko Mikulić and Ante Marković). Ante Marković however, though a Croat from Bosnia and Herzegovina by birth, was a politician of Croatia like Špiljak and Planinc, serving (at different times) as both prime minister and president of the presidency of that federal unit.

List
  People's Radical Party
  Democratic Party
  Slovene People's Party
  Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy / Yugoslav National Party
  Yugoslav Radical Union
  Croatian Peasant Party
  Communist Party of Yugoslavia / League of Communists of Yugoslavia
  Union of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia
  Socialist Party of Serbia
  Independent
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Ethnicity Term of office Political party Election Cabinet Notes
Took office Left office Time in office
In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
–
Nikola Pašić
(1845–1926)
Acting		Serb1 December 191822 December 191821 daysNRS–Pašić XIIActing prime minister, as the last prime minister of Serbia.
1
Stojan Protić
(1857–1923)		Serb22 December 191816 August 1919237 daysNRS–Protić IFirst Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (that will be renamed to "Yugoslavia").
2
Ljubomir Davidović
(1863–1940)		Serb16 August 191919 February 1920187 daysDS–Davidović I.
(1)
Stojan Protić
(1857–1923)		Serb19 February 192016 May 192087 daysNRS–Protić II.
3
Milenko Vesnić
(1863–1921)		Serb16 May 19201 January 1921230 daysNRS1920Vesnić.
4
Nikola Pašić
(1845–1926)		Serb1 January 192128 July 19243 years, 209 daysNRS1923Pašić XIII–XIV–XV–XVI–XVII–XVIII–XIXSecond term.
Vidovdan Constitution adopted on June 28, 1921.
(2)
Ljubomir Davidović
(1863–1940)		Serb28 July 19246 November 1924101 daysDS–Davidović IISecond term
(4)
Nikola Pašić
(1845–1926)		Serb6 November 19248 April 19261 year, 153 daysNRS1925Pašić XX–XXI–XXIIThird term
5
Nikola Uzunović
(1873–1954)		Serb8 April 192617 April 19271 year, 9 daysNRS–Uzunović I–II.
6
Velimir Vukićević
(1871–1930)		Serb17 April 192728 July 19281 year, 102 daysNRS1927Vukićević I–IIResigned after assassination attempt on opposition leader Stjepan Radić in the Parliament.
7
Anton Korošec
(1872–1940)		Slovene28 July 19287 January 1929[1]163 daysSLS–KorošecAppointed after the assassination attempt on Stjepan Radić, until the 6 January Dictatorship.
8
Petar Živković
(1879–1947)		Serb7 January 1929[1]4 April 19323 years, 88 daysJNS1931ŽivkovićPrime Minister during the 6 January Dictatorship.
Sentenced to death in absentia in 1946.
9
Vojislav Marinković
(1876–1935)		Serb4 April 19323 July 193290 daysJNS–MarinkovićPreviously a (founding) member of the Democratic Party.
10
Milan Srškić
(1880–1937)		Serb3 July 193227 January 19341 year, 208 daysJNS–Srškić I–II.
(5)
Nikola Uzunović
(1873–1954)		Serb27 January 193422 December 1934329 daysJNS–Uzunović IIIThe Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy party was renamed into the Yugoslav National Party.
11
Bogoljub Jevtić
(1886–1960)		Serb22 December 193424 June 1935184 daysJRZ
JNS		1935Jevtić.
12
Milan Stojadinović
(1888–1961)		Serb24 June 19355 February 19393 years, 226 daysJRZ1938Stojadinović I–II–III.
13
Dragiša Cvetković
(1893–1969)		Serb5 February 193927 March 19412 years, 50 daysJRZ–Cvetković I–IISentenced in absentia in 1945.[2]
In the Yugoslav government-in-exile
14
Dušan Simović
(1882–1962)		Serb27 March 194111 January 1942290 daysIndependent–SimovićChief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army. Took power by military coup d'état. He led government into exile in London.
15
Slobodan Jovanović
(1869–1958)		Serb11 January 194226 June 19431 year, 166 daysIndependent–Jovanović I-IIHeaded government-in-exile.
Found guilty of treason in absentia in 1946.
16
Miloš Trifunović
(1871–1957)		Serb26 June 194310 August 194345 daysNRS–TrifunovićHeaded government-in-exile
17
Božidar Purić
(1891–1977)		Serb10 August 19438 July 1944333 daysIndependent–PurićHeaded government-in-exile
18
Ivan Šubašić
(1892–1955)		Croat8 July 19442 November 1944117 daysHSS–ŠubašićHeaded government-in-exile.
Merged into coalition government on November 2, 1944, with Josip Broz Tito presiding.[3][4]
In the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
19
(1)
Josip Broz Tito
(1892–1980)		Croat2 November 194429 June 196318 years, 239 daysSKJ
SKJ		1945
1950
1953
1958
1963		Tito I–II–III–IV–V–VIHeld post simultaneously (as head of the NKOJ) first with Božidar Purić, then Ivan Šubašić. Headed joint coalition government.
20
(2)
Petar Stambolić
(1912–2007)		Serb29 June 196316 May 19673 years, 321 daysSKJ–Stambolić.
21
(3)
Mika Špiljak
(1916–2007)		Croat16 May 196718 May 19692 years, 2 daysSKJ–Špiljak.
22
(4)
Mitja Ribičič
(1919–2013)		Slovene18 May 196930 July 19712 years, 73 daysSKJ1969Ribičič.
23
(5)
Džemal Bijedić
(1917–1977)		Bosniak30 July 197118 January 1977 †5 years, 172 daysSKJ1974BijedićKilled in a plane crash.[5]
24
(6)
Veselin Đuranović
(1925–1997)		Montenegrin18 January 1977[6]16 May 19825 years, 118 daysSKJ1978Đuranović.
25
(7)
Milka Planinc
(1924–2010)		Croat16 May 198215 May 19863 years, 364 daysSKJ1982PlanincFirst female head of the government.
26
(8)
Branko Mikulić
(1928–1994)		Croat15 May 198616 March 19892 years, 305 daysSKJ1986MikulićResigned on 30 December 1988, amid widespread protests.
27
(9)
Ante Marković
(1924–2011)		Croat16 March 198920 December 19912 years, 279 daysSKJ
SRSJ		1989MarkovićLast prime minister of Yugoslavia.
League of Communists was dissolved in 1990, Marković formed his own party.
–
Aleksandar Mitrović
(1933–2012)
Acting		Serb20 December 199114 July 1992207 daysSPS–MarkovićActing prime minister.
Installed by Serbia and Montenegro.

Timeline
Josip Broz Tito

See also
  • Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
  • List of heads of state of Yugoslavia
  • Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Prime Minister of Croatia
  • Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
  • Prime Minister of Montenegro
  • Prime Minister of North Macedonia
  • Prime Minister of Serbia
  • Prime Minister of Slovenia

References
  1. Edwin Leland James (7 January 1929). "KING OF YUGOSLAVIA ASSUMES ALL POWER". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  2. Rehabilitovan Dragiša Cvetković
  3. Lampe, John R.; Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country; Cambridge University Press, 2000 ISBN 0-521-77401-2
  4. Ramet, Sabrina P.; The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918-2005; Indiana University Press, 2006 ISBN 0-253-34656-8
  5. Malcolm Browne (19 January 1977). "Bijedic, Yugoslav Prime Minister, Is Killed in Crash of Executive Jet". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  6. "Montenegrin Is Appointed Premier of Yugoslavia". The New York Times. 16 March 1977. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
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