Global Peace Index

Global Peace Index (GPI) is a report produced by the Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) which measures the relative position of nations' and regions' peacefulness.[2] The GPI ranks 163 independent states and territories (collectively accounting for 99.7 per cent of the world's population) according to their levels of peacefulness. In the past decade, the GPI has presented trends of increased global violence and less peacefulness.[3]

Global Peace Index 2022 (countries appearing with a deeper shade of green are ranked as more peaceful, countries appearing more red are ranked as more violent).[1]

The GPI is developed in consultation with an international panel of peace experts from peace institutes and think tanks with data collected and collated by the Economist Intelligence Unit. The Index was first launched in May 2009, with subsequent reports being released annually. In 2015 it ranked 165 countries, up from 121 in 2007. The study was conceived by Australian technology entrepreneur Steve Killelea, and is endorsed by individuals such as former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the Dalai Lama, archbishop Desmond Tutu, former President of Finland and 2008 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Martti Ahtisaari, Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, economist Jeffrey Sachs, former president of Ireland Mary Robinson, former Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations Jan Eliasson and former United States president Jimmy Carter. The updated index is released each year at events in London, Washington, DC, and at the United Nations Secretariat in New York.

The 2022 GPI indicates Iceland, New Zealand, Ireland, Denmark, and Austria to be the most peaceful countries, and Afghanistan, Yemen, Syria, Russia, and South Sudan to be the least peaceful.[4] Long-term findings of the 2017 GPI include a less peaceful world over the past decade, a 2.14 per cent deterioration in the global level of peace in the past decade, growing inequality in peace between the most and least peaceful countries, a long-term reduction in the GPI Militarization domain, and a widening impact of terrorism, with historically high numbers of people killed in terrorist incidents over the past 10 years.[2]

The main findings of the 2017 Global Peace Index are:[2]

  • The overall score for the 2017 GPI improved slightly this year due to gains in six of the nine geographical regions represented. More countries improved their levels of peacefulness than deteriorated: 93 compared to 68.
  • Peace-building activities can be highly cost-effective, providing cost savings 16 times the cost of the intervention.
  • The global economic impact of violence was $14.3 trillion PPP in 2016, equivalent to 12.6 per cent of global GDP, or $1,953 per person.
  • In Low-Peace environments, the most important factors are related to Well-Functioning Government, Low Levels of Corruption, Acceptance of the Rights of Others and Good Relations with Neighbours.
  • Due to armed conflict in MENA, many related indicators such as deaths from internal conflict, number of refugees and IDPs, and organized internal conflict are at high levels.
  • Safety and Security improved due to many countries recording a lower homicide rate and lower levels of political terror.

International panel

The international panel for the 2016 and 2017 GPI consisted of:

  • Kevin P. Clements, Foundation Chair of Peace and Conflict Studies and Director, National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Otago, New Zealand
  • Sabina Alkire, Director, Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
  • Ian Anthony, Research Coordinator and Director of the Programme on Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-proliferation, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden
  • Isabelle Arrandon, Director of Research and Deputy Director of Communications & Outreach, International Crisis Group, Belgium
  • Manuela Mesa, Director, Centre for Education and Peace Research (CEIPAZ) and President, Spanish Association for Peace Research (AIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
  • Nick Grono, CEO, The Freedom Fund, United Kingdom
  • Ekaterina Stepanova, Head, Unit on Peace and Conflict Studies, Institute of the World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia

Methodology

In assessing peacefulness, the GPI investigates the extent to which countries are involved in ongoing domestic and international conflicts and seeks to evaluate the level of harmony or discord within a nation. Ten indicators broadly assess what might be described as safety and security in society. Their assertion is that low crime rates, minimal incidences of terrorist acts and violent demonstrations, harmonious relations with neighbouring countries, a stable political scene, and a small proportion of the population being internally displaced or refugees can be suggestive of peacefulness.

In 2017, 23 indicators were used to establish peacefulness scores for each country. The indicators were originally selected with the assistance of an expert panel in 2007 and are reviewed by the expert panel on an annual basis. The scores for each indicator are normalized on a scale of 1–5, whereby qualitative indicators are banded into five groupings, and quantitative ones are scored from 1–5, to the third decimal point. A table of the indicators is below.[5] In the table, UCDP stands for the Uppsala Conflict Data Program maintained by the University of Uppsala in Sweden, EIU for The Economist Intelligence Unit, UNSCT for the United Nations Survey of Criminal Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems, ICPS is the International Centre for Prison Studies at King's College London, IISS for the International Institute for Strategic Studies publication The Military Balance, and SIPRI for the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Arms Transfers Database.

Indicator Source Coding
1 Number and duration of internal conflicts[lower-alpha 1] UCDP, IEP Total number
2 Number of deaths from external organized conflict UCDP Armed Conflict Dataset Total number
3 Number of deaths from internal organized conflict International Institute for Strategic Studies, Armed Conflict Database Total number
4 Number, duration, and role in external conflicts UCDP Battle-related Deaths Dataset, IEP Total number
5 Intensity of organized internal conflict EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
6 Relations with neighbouring countries EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
7 Level of perceived criminality in society EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
8 Number of refugees and displaced persons as percentage of population UNHCR and IDMC Refugee population by country or territory of origin, plus the number of a country's internally displaced people (IDP's) as a percentage of the country's total population
9 Political instability EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
10 Impact of terrorism Global Terrorism Index (IEP) Quantitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
11 Political terror Amnesty International and US State Department Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
12 Number of homicides per 100,000 people UNODC Surveys on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (CTS); EIU estimates Total number
13 Level of violent crime EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
14 Likelihood of violent demonstrations EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5
15 Number of jailed persons per 100,000 people World Prison Brief, Institute for Criminal Policy Research at Birkbeck, University of London Total number
16 Number of internal security officers and police per 100,000 people UNODC CTS; EIU estimates Total number; Civil police force distinct from national guards or local militia[lower-alpha 2]
17 Military expenditure as a percentage of GDP The Military Balance and IISS Cash outlays of central or federal government to meet costs of national armed forces, as a percentage of GDP, scores from 1 to 5 based on percentages[lower-alpha 3]
18 Number of armed-services personnel per 100,000 The Military Balance and IISS All full-time active armed-services personnel
19 Volume of transfers of major conventional weapons as recipient (imports) per 100,000 people SIPRI Arms Transfers Database Imports of major conventional weapons per 100,000 people[lower-alpha 4]
20 Volume of transfers of major conventional weapons as supplier (exports) per 100,000 people SIPRI Arms Transfers Database Exports of major conventional weapons per 100,000 people
21 Financial contribution to UN peacekeeping missions United Nations Committee on Contributions and IEP percentage of countries' "outstanding payments versus their annual assessment to the budget of the current peacekeeping missions" over an average of three years, scored from 1–5 scale based on percentage of promised contributions met
22 Nuclear and heavy weapons capability The Military Balance, IISS, SIPRI, UN Register of Conventional Arms and IEP 1–5 scale based on accumulated points; 1 point per armoured vehicle and artillery pieces, 5 points per tank, 20 points per combat aircraft, 100 points per warship, 1000 points for aircraft carrier and nuclear submarine[lower-alpha 5]
23 Ease of access to small arms and light weapons EIU Qualitative scale, ranked 1 to 5

Indicators not already ranked on a 1 to 5 scale were converted by using the following formula: x = [x - min(x)] / [max(x) - min(x)], where max(x) and min(x) are the highest and lowest values for that indicator of the countries ranked in the index. The 0 to 1 scores that resulted were then converted to the 1 to 5 scale. Individual indicators were then weighted according to the expert panel's judgment of their importance. The scores were then tabulated into two weighted sub-indices: internal peace, weighted at 60% of a country's final score, and external peace, weighted at 40% of a country's final score. "Negative Peace", defined as the absence of violence or of the fear of violence, is used as the definition of peace to create the Global Peace Index. An additional aim of the GPI database is to facilitate deeper study of the concept of positive peace, or those attitudes, institutions, and structures that drive peacefulness in society. The GPI also examines relationships between peace and reliable international measures, including democracy and transparency, education and material well-being. As such, it seeks to understand the relative importance of a range of potential determinants, or "drivers", which may influence the nurturing of peaceful societies, both internally and externally.[6]

Statistical analysis is applied to GPI data to uncover specific conditions conducive of peace. Researchers have determined that Positive Peace, which includes the attitudes, institutions, and structures that pre-empt conflict and facilitate functional societies, is the main driver of peace. The eight pillars of positive peace are well-functioning government, sound business environment, acceptance of the rights of others, good relations with neighbours, free flow of information, high levels of human capital, low levels of corruption, and equitable distribution of resources. Well-functioning government, low levels of corruption, acceptance of the rights of others, and good relations with neighbours are more important in countries suffering from high levels of violence. Free flow of information and sound business environment become more important when a country is approaching the global average level of peacefulness, also described as the Mid-Peace level. Low levels of corruption is the only Pillar that is strongly significant across all three levels of peacefulness. This suggests it is an important transformational factor at all stages of a nation's development.

Global Peace Index 2022 ranking

CountryRankScore[4]
 Iceland11.107
 New Zealand21.269
 Ireland31.288
 Denmark41.296
 Austria51.300
 Portugal61.301
 Slovenia71.316
 Czech Republic81.318
 Singapore91.326
 Japan101.336
 Switzerland111.357
 Canada121.389
 Hungary131.411
 Finland141.439
 Croatia151.440
 Germany161.462
 Norway171.465
 Malaysia181.471
 Bhutan191.481
 Slovakia201.499
 Netherlands211.522
 Belgium221.526
 Qatar231.533
 Bulgaria241.541
 Poland251.552
 Sweden261.564
 Australia271.565
 Mauritius281.570
 Spain291.603
 Taiwan301.618
 Romania311.640
 Italy321.643
 Estonia331.662
 United Kingdom341.667
 Latvia351.673
 North Macedonia361.704
 Lithuania371.724
 Costa Rica381.732
 Kuwait391.739
 Ghana401.759
 Albania411.761
 Mongolia421.775
 South Korea431.779
 Vietnam441.786
 The Gambia451.792
 Uruguay461.795
 Indonesia471.800
 Botswana48=1.801
 Montenegro48=1.801
 Sierra Leone501.803
 Laos511.809
 Serbia521.832
 Greece531.838
 Timor-Leste541.839
 Chile551.840
 Zambia561.841
 Jordan571.849
 Bosnia and Herzegovina581.850
 Equatorial Guinea591.863
 United Arab Emirates601.865
 Panama611.876
 Cambodia62=1.882
 Moldova62=1.882
 Oman641.889
 France65=1.895
 Malawi65=1.895
 Cyprus671.903
 Namibia681.908
 Argentina691.911
 Senegal701.916
 Kosovo711.938
 Rwanda721.945
   Nepal731.947
 Morocco741.969
 Gabon75=1.973
 Liberia75=1.973
 Paraguay771.976
 Angola781.982
 Ecuador791.988
 Bolivia801.989
 Dominican Republic81=1.990
 Jamaica81=1.990
 Armenia831.992
 Madagascar841.995
 Tunisia851.996
 Tanzania86=2.001
 Uzbekistan86=2.001
 Trinidad and Tobago882.005
 China892.010
 Sri Lanka902.020
 Kyrgyz Republic912.028
 Tajikistan922.031
 Eswatini932.033
 Papua New Guinea942.046
 Georgia952.065
 Bangladesh962.067
 Kazakhstan972.071
 Cuba982.083
 Bahrain992.085
 Lesotho1002.089
 Peru1012.091
 Togo1022.094
 Thailand1032.098
 Turkmenistan1042.116
 Benin1052.125
 Guatemala1062.139
 Guyana1072.140
 Cote d'Ivoire1082.144
 Algeria1092.146
 Guinea-Bissau1102.156
 Republic of the Congo1112.184
 Mauritania1122.193
 Djibouti1132.213
 El Salvador1142.231
 Haiti1152.254
 Belarus1162.259
 Honduras1172.269
 South Africa1182.283
 Saudi Arabia1192.288
 Kenya1202.303
 Uganda1212.309
 Mozambique1222.316
 Guinea1232.332
 Nicaragua1242.334
 Philippines1252.339
 Egypt1262.342
 Zimbabwe1272.350
 Azerbaijan1282.437
 United States of America1292.440
 Brazil1302.465
 Burundi1312.470
 Eritrea1322.494
 Palestine1332.552
 Israel1342.576
 India1352.578
 Chad1362.591
 Mexico1372.612
 Lebanon1382.615
 Myanmar1392.631
 Niger1402.655
 Iran1412.687
 Cameroon1422.709
 Nigeria1432.725
 Colombia1442.729
 Turkey1452.785
 Burkina Faso1462.786
 Pakistan1472.789
 Venezuela1482.798
 Ethiopia1492.806
 Mali1502.911
 Libya1512.930
 North Korea1522.942
 Ukraine1532.971
 Sudan1543.007
 Central African Republic1553.021
 Somalia1563.125
 Iraq1573.157
 Democratic Republic of the Congo1583.166
 South Sudan1593.184
 Russia1603.275
 Syria1613.356
 Yemen1623.394
 Afghanistan1633.554

Global Peace Index rankings (2007–2021)
Country 2021 rank2021 score[7] 2020 rank2020 score[8] 2019 rank2019 score[9] 2018 rank2018 score[10] 2017 rank2017 score[11] 2016 rank2016 score[12] 2015 rank2015 score[13] 2014 rank2014 score[14] 2013 rank2013 score[15] 2012 rank2012 score[16] 2011 rank2011 score[17] 2010 rank2010 score[18] 2009 rank2009 score[19] 2008 rank2008 score[20] 2007 rank2007 score[21][22]
 Luxembourg — — — — — — — — — — — 7=1.341 131.341 91.446 —
 Hong Kong — — — — — — — — — — — — — 231.608 231.657
 Iceland 11.100 11.078 11.072 11.096 11.111 11.192 11.148 11.189 11.162 11.113 11.148 21.212 41.225 11.176 —
 New Zealand 21.253 21.198 21.221 21.192 21.241 41.287 41.221 41.236 31.237 2=1.239 21.279 11.188 11.202 41.350 21.363
 Denmark 31.256 51.283 51.316 51.353 51.337 21.246 21.150 21.193 21.207 2=1.239 41.289 7=1.341 2=1.217 21.333 31.377
 Portugal 41.267 31.247 31.274 41.318 31.258 51.356 111.344 181.425 181.467 161.470 171.453 131.366 141.348 71.412 8=1.481
 Slovenia 51.315 111.369 81.355 111.396 71.364 101.408 151.378 141.398 131.374 81.330 101.358 111.358 9=1.322 161.491 151.539
 Austria 61.317 41.275 41.291 31.274 41.265 31.278 31.198 31.200 41.250 6=1.328 61.337 41.290 51.252 101.449 101.483
 Switzerland 71.323 101.366 111.383 121.407 91.373 71.370 51.275 51.258 51.272 101.349 161.421 181.424 181.393 121.465 141.526
 Ireland 81.326 121.375 121.390 101.393 10=1.408 121.433 121.354 131.384 121.370 6=1.328 111.370 61.337 121.333 61.410 41.396
 Czech Republic 91.329 81.337 101.375 71.381 61.360 61.360 101.341 11=1.381 141.404 131.396 51.320 121.360 111.328 171.501 131.524
 Canada 101.330 61.298 61.327 61.372 81.371 81.388 71.287 71.306 81.306 41.317 81.355 141.392 81.311 111.451 8=1.481
 Singapore 111.347 71.321 71.347 81.382 211.534 201.535 241.490 251.545 16=1.438 231.521 241.585 301.624 231.533 291.673 291.692
 Japan 121.373 91.360 91.369 91.391 10=1.408 91.395 81.322 81.316 61.293 51.326 31.287 31.247 71.272 51.358 51.413
 Finland 131.402 141.404 141.488 151.506 171.515 111.429 61.277 61.297 71.297 91.348 71.352 91.352 9=1.322 81.432 61.447
 Norway 141.438 17=1.496 201.536 161.519 141.486 171.500 171.393 101.371 111.359 181.480 91.356 51.322 2=1.217 31.343 11.357
 Sweden 151.460 151.479 18=1.533 141.502 181.516 141.461 131.360 11=1.381 91.319 141.419 131.401 101.354 61.269 131.468 71.478
 Australia 161.470 131.386 131.419 131.435 121.425 151.465 91.329 151.414 16=1.438 221.494 181.455 191.467 191.476 271.652 251.664
 Croatia 17=1.480 261.615 281.645 271.639 311.665 261.633 271.550 26=1.548 281.571 351.648 371.699 411.707 491.741 601.926 672.030
 Germany 17=1.480 161.494 221.547 17=1.531 161.500 161.486 161.379 171.423 151.431 151.424 151.416 161.398 16=1.392 141.475 121.523
 Hungary 191.494 241.559 211.540 17=1.531 151.494 191.534 221.463 211.482 231.520 171.476 201.495 201.495 271.575 18=1.576 181.575
 Belgium 201.496 17=1.496 18=1.533 211.560 19=1.525 181.528 141.368 91.354 101.339 111.376 141.213 171.400 151.359 151.485 111.498
 Netherlands 211.506 211.528 171.530 231.574 19=1.525 211.541 201.432 201.475 221.508 281.606 251.628 271.610 221.531 221.607 201.620
 Bhutan 221.510 191.501 151.506 191.545 131.474 131.445 181.416 161.422 201.487 191.481 341.693 361.665 40=1.667 261.616 191.611
 Malaysia 231.515 201.525 161.529 251.619 291.637 301.648 281.561 331.659 291.574 201.485 191.467 221.539 261.561 381.721 371.744
 Poland 241.524 291.657 291.654 321.727 331.676 221.557 191.430 231.532 251.530 241.524 221.545 291.618 321.599 311.687 271.683
 Romania 251.530 221.541 251.606 241.596 251.600 311.649 261.542 351.677 301.584 321.627 401.742 451.749 311.591 241.611 261.682
 Slovakia 261.557 251.568 231.550 221.568 261.611 241.603 231.478 191.467 331.622 261.590 231.576 211.536 241.539 18=1.576 171.571
 Bulgaria 271.577 281.628 261.607 261.635 281.631 291.646 321.607 321.637 34=1.663 391.699 531.845 501.785 561.775 571.903 541.936
 Mauritius 281.592 231.544 241.562 201.548 221.547 231.559 251.503 241.544 211.497 211.487 — — — — —
 Qatar 291.605 271.616 311.696 561.869 301.664 341.716 301.568 221.491 191.480 121.395 121.398 151.394 16=1.392 331.694 30=1.702
 Estonia 301.612 301.680 371.727 331.732 361.712 361.732 381.677 311.635 381.710 411.715 471.798 461.751 381.661 351.702 281.684
 Spain 311.621 381.712 321.699 301.678 231.568 251.604 211.451 26=1.548 271.563 251.548 281.641 251.588 281.577 301.683 211.633
 Italy 321.652 311.690 391.754 38=1.766 381.737 391.774 361.669 341.675 34=[lower-alpha 6]1.663 381.690 451.775 401.701 361.648 281.653 331.724
 United Kingdom 331.658 421.770 45=1.801 571.876 41=1.786 471.830 391.685 471.798 441.787 291.609 261.631 311.631 351.647 491.801 491.898
 Taiwan 341.662 371.707 361.725 341.736 401.782 411.787 351.657 281.558 261.538 271.602 271.637 351.664 371.652 441.779 361.731
 Latvia 351.686 341.700 351.718 311.689 321.670 321.680 401.695 391.745 41=1.772 451.774 461.793 541.827 54=1.773 39=1.723 471.848
 Kuwait 361.688 39=1.723 431.794 421.799 581.909 511.842 331.626 371.679 371.705 471.792 291.667 391.693 421.680 451.786 461.818
 Lithuania 371.689 361.705 381.728 361.749 371.732 371.735 371.674 461.797 431.784 431.741 431.760 421.713 431.687 39=1.723 431.788
 Ghana 381.715 431.776 441.796 411.772 431.793 441.809 541.840 61=1.902 581.899 501.807 421.752 481.781 521.761 39=1.723 401.765
 Costa Rica 391.735 321.691 331.706 401.767 341.701 331.699 341.654 421.781 401.755 361.659 311.681 261.590 291.578 341.701 30=1.702
 North Macedonia 401.744 621.900 65=1.933 872.058 1022.133 942.092 71=1.944 87=2.056 792.044 681.935 782.048 83=2.048 882.039 872.119 822.170
 Botswana 411.753 331.693 301.676 291.659 271.622 281.639 311.597 361.678 321.598 311.621 351.695 331.641 341.643 461.792 421.786
 Indonesia 42=1.783 491.831 411.785 551.853 521.850 421.799 46=1.768 541.853 541.879 631.913 681.979 671.946 671.853 681.983 782.111
 Mongolia 42=1.783 39=1.723 421.792 46=1.821 461.801 501.838 431.706 411.778 641.921 581.884 571.880 922.101 892.040 882.155 —
 Serbia 441.797 511.846 501.812 541.851 561.888 481.834 46=1.768 52=1.849 621.912 641.920 842.071 902.071 781.951 852.110 842.181
 Laos 451.809 501.843 45=1.801 46=1.821 451.800 521.852 411.700 381.723 391.724 371.662 321.687 341.661 451.701 511.810 —
 Sierra Leone 461.813 461.820 521.822 351.740 391.760 431.805 591.864 66=1.942 591.904 521.855 611.904 531.818 — — —
 Uruguay 471.817 351.704 341.711 371.761 351.709 351.726 441.721 291.565 241.528 331.628 211.521 241.568 251.557 211.606 241.661
 Albania 481.824 551.872 511.821 52=1.849 571.908 541.867 521.821 651.939 691.961 66=1.927 631.912 651.925 75=1.925 792.044 —
 Chile 491.831 451.804 271.634 281.649 241.595 271.635 291.563 301.591 311.589 301.616 381.710 281.616 201.481 18=1.576 161.568
 Vietnam 501.835 64=1.920 571.877 601.905 591.919 591.906 561.848 451.792 41=1.772 341.641 301.670 381.691 391.664 371.720 34=1.729
 Montenegro 511.847 691.944 671.939 581.893 671.950 571.884 571.854 551.860 731.976 81=2.006 892.113 882.060 912.046 — —
 United Arab Emirates 521.848 411.752 531.847 451.820 651.944 611.931 49=1.805 401.748 361.679 461.785 331.690 441.739 40=1.667 421.745 381.747
 The Gambia 531.853 60=1.891 621.908 761.989 1102.211 92=2.091 992.086 942.085 932.091 741.961 621.910 631.890 — — —
 Senegal 541.864 471.824 581.883 52=1.849 601.929 701.978 49=1.805 721.974 852.061 781.994 772.047 792.031 801.984 712.011 652.017
 France 551.868 661.930 60=1.892 611.909 511.839 461.829 451.742 48=1.808 531.863 401.710 361.697 321.636 301.579 361.707 34=1.729
 East Timor 561.873 541.863 48=1.805 591.895 531.866 561.879 581.860 691.947 511.854 — — — — — —
 South Korea 571.877 481.829 55=1.867 491.823 471.823 531.858 421.701 52=1.849 471.822 421.734 501.829 431.715 331.627 321.691 321.719
 Tanzania 581.892 521.850 541.860 511.837 541.876 581.899 64=1.903 59=1.889 551.887 551.873 561.858 551.832 59=1.798 58=1.919 571.966
 Malawi 59=1.909 591.885 401.779 441.811 481.825 451.817 511.814 771.995 74=1.984 601.894 391.740 51=1.813 471.711 732.024 682.038
 Moldova 59=1.909 711.950 681.951 641.939 621.938 651.953 701.942 711.971 74=1.984 66=1.927 591.892 661.938 75=1.925 832.091 71=2.059
 Cyprus 611.912 64=1.920 631.914 621.913 641.940 711.994 681.924 511.844 49=1.840 731.957 712.013 762.013 481.737 521.847 511.915
 Equatorial Guinea 621.915 60=1.891 701.957 651.946 611.930 621.940 811.987 932.079 892.072 872.039 752.041 68=1.948 61=1.801 641.964 71=2.059
 Jordan 631.916 721.958 77=2.012 98=2.104 952.087 962.127 71=1.944 561.861 521.858 621.905 641.918 68=1.948 641.832 651.969 631.997
 Panama 641.919 561.875 471.804 501.826 491.835 491.837 64=1.903 571.877 561.893 611.899 491.812 611.878 59=1.798 47=1.797 451.798
 Namibia 651.927 531.861 60=1.892 431.806 501.838 551.873 481.784 48=1.808 461.807 491.804 541.850 591.864 651.841 772.042 642.003
 Greece 661.932 57=1.877 65=1.933 792.020 731.998 822.044 611.878 862.052 681.957 771.976 651.947 621.887 571.778 541.867 441.791
 Kazakhstan 671.936 701.948 641.932 701.974 721.992 752.019 872.008 1032.150 782.031 1052.151 932.137 95=2.113 842.018 722.018 61=1.995
 Argentina 681.945 741.978 751.989 661.947 551.880 671.957 601.865 431.789 601.907 441.763 551.852 711.962 661.851 561.895 521.923
 Eswatini 691.995 671.934 72=1.986 721.980 772.010 902.074 1012.102 87=2.056 882.069 85=2.028 69=1.995 731.966 — — —
 Madagascar 701.963 631.905 55=1.867 38=1.766 441.797 381.763 671.911 66=1.942 90=2.074 99=2.124 1052.239 77=2.019 721.912 431.770 411.766
 Zambia 711.964 441.794 48=1.805 481.822 41=1.786 401.783 551.846 441.791 481.832 511.830 521.833 51=1.813 581.779 531.856 531.930
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 721.970 792.040 812.019 892.065 84=2.035 601.915 531.839 61=1.902 711.967 651.923 601.893 601.873 501.755 661.974 752.089
 Oman 731.982 681.941 691.953 731.984 701.983 742.016 74=1.947 59=1.889 451.806 591.887 411.743 231.561 211.520 251.612 221.641
 Jamaica 741.992 802.041 832.038 902.068 922.072 92=2.091 1092.153 1072.203 1172.274 1132.222 1062.244 982.138 1022.111 962.226 812.164
 Paraguay 751.997 751.991 882.055 771.997 681.961 802.037 892.023 731.976 842.060 761.973 661.954 77=2.019 731.916 701.997 551.946
 Kyrgyz Republic 76=1.998 932.094 952.105 1082.181 1112.216 1242.297 1212.249 1252.382 1312.391 1312.359 1142.296 — — — —
 Liberia 76=1.998 57=1.877 591.889 631.931 822.023 72=1.998 781.963 842.014 802.048 1012.131 96=2.159 992.148 — — —
 Cambodia 782.008 782.011 892.066 96=2.101 892.065 1042.161 111=2.179 1062.201 1152.263 1082.207 1152.301 1112.252 1052.179 912.179 852.197
 Morocco 792.015 832.057 902.070 711.979 752.004 912.086 862.002 631.915 571.897 541.867 581.887 581.861 631.811 62=1.954 481.893
 Angola 80=2.017 912.087 77=2.012 832.048 1002.116 982.140 882.020 1022.143 1022.148 95=2.105 872.109 862.057 1002.105 1102.364 1122.587
 Kosovo 80=2.017 852.070 862.049 922.078 762.007 772.022 691.938 641.929 721.969 — — — — — —
 Dominican Republic 822.024 761.992 842.041 912.073 992.114 99=2.143 1002.089 95=2.093 942.103 902.068 912.125 932.103 701.890 822.069 742.071
 Rwanda 832.028 812.049 792.014 1032.140 1132.227 1282.323 1392.420 1372.494 1352.444 1192.250 992.185 752.012 862.027 762.030 —
 Trinidad and Tobago 842.029 882.078 932.094 84=2.053 97=2.095 842.056 972.070 892.065 90=2.074 942.082 792.051 942.107 872.035 982.230 942.286
   Nepal 852.033 731.974 762.003 84=2.053 932.080 782.026 621.882 761.989 822.058 802.001 952.152 822.044 771.939 — —
 Peru 862.034 842.066 802.016 741.986 711.986 85=2.057 92=2.029 1192.304 113=2.258 791.995 852.077 892.067 791.972 802.046 702.056
 Cuba 872.042 86=2.074 912.073 812.037 882.056 85=2.057 821.988 751.986 651.922 701.951 671.964 721.964 681.856 62=1.954 591.968
 Ecuador 882.044 902.085 711.980 751.987 661.948 762.020 84=1.997 852.042 832.059 85=2.028 902.116 1012.185 1092.211 1002.274 86=2.219
 Georgia 892.054 95=2.116 992.122 1022.130 942.084 85=2.057 791.973 111=2.225 1392.511 1412.541 1342.558 1422.970 134=2.736 — —
 Uzbekistan 902.062 1032.158 1022.166 104=2.144 1012.132 1092.216 1132.187 1042.179 1242.333 1102.219 109=2.260 1102.242 106=2.202 1112.377 1102.542
 Bangladesh 912.068 972.121 1012.128 932.084 84=2.035 832.045 84=1.997 982.106 1052.159 912.071 832.070 872.058 902.045 862.118 86=2.219
 Guinea 922.069 892.082 1002.125 96=2.101 962.089 101=2.148 1172.214 1182.296 1162.272 922.073 922.126 — — — —
 Gabon 932.074 95=2.116 962.112 952.099 872.052 792.033 661.904 681.945 761.995 751.972 812.059 741.981 511.758 551.878 561.952
 Armenia 942.075 99=2.135 1182.294 1202.287 1122.220 1102.218 912.028 972.097 982.123 1152.238 109=2.260 1132.266 — — —
 Sri Lanka 952.083 772.003 72=1.986 671.954 802.019 972.133 1142.188 1052.197 1102.230 1032.145 1262.407 1332.621 1252.485 1252.584 1112.575
 Benin 962.093 1062.182 72=1.986 691.973 792.014 72=1.998 771.958 1002.129 1042.156 1142.231 — — — — —
 Tajikistan 972.095 1072.188 105=2.196 1142.266 1182.263 1222.293 1082.152 126=2.395 1182.282 99=2.124 1032.225 — — — —
 Tunisia 982.108 922.090 822.035 781.998 691.977 641.949 761.952 792.001 772.005 721.955 441.765 371.678 441.698 47=1.797 391.762
 Guinea-Bissau 992.113 101=2.157 1122.237 116=2.275 1222.309 1162.264 1202.235 1452.591 1322.431 95=2.105 — — — — —
 China 100=2.114 1042.166 1102.217 1122.243 1162.242 1202.288 1242.267 1082.207 1012.142 892.061 802.054 802.034 741.921 671.981 601.980
 Guyana 100=2.114 822.050 922.075 822.043 812.021 952.105 92=2.029 832.003 701.962 691.937 882.112 912.095 972.098 — —
 Bahrain 1022.121 1102.209 1242.357 1302.437 1312.404 1322.398 1072.142 111=2.225 952.109 1182.247 1232.398 701.956 691.881 742.025 61=1.995
 Cote d'Ivoire 103=2.123 1052.169 1072.203 1102.207 1212.307 1182.279 1052.133 1402.520 1512.732 1342.419 1282.417 1182.297 1172.342 1222.451 1132.638
 Mozambique 103=2.123 99=2.135 942.099 862.056 782.013 681.963 801.976 822.004 611.910 481.796 481.809 471.779 531.765 501.803 501.909
 Bolivia 1052.140 86=2.074 852.044 942.092 862.045 812.038 902.025 701.969 862.062 842.021 762.045 812.037 811.990 782.043 692.052
 Djibouti 1062.146 1122.215 1092.207 1152.269 1072.196 1212.292 1022.113 741.979 631.917 56=1.881 — — — — —
 Papua New Guinea 1072.149 101=2.157 982.118 1002.109 97=2.095 99=2.143 962.064 902.066 99=2.126 932.076 942.139 95=2.113 932.059 952.224 882.223
 Haiti 1082.151 1112.211 872.052 882.064 832.026 892.066 982.074 992.127 922.075 1072.179 1132.288 1142.270 1162.330 1092.362 —
 Turkmenistan 1092.154 1162.276 1152.265 1192.283 1192.270 106=2.202 1062.138 95=2.093 1032.154 1172.242 1082.248 1172.295 1012.110 1022.302 —
 El Salvador 1102.184 1132.243 1132.262 116=2.275 1152.239 111=2.237 1232.263 1162.280 1122.240 111=2.220 1022.215 1032.195 942.068 892.163 892.244
 Guatemala 1112.195 1152.267 1142.264 1112.214 1172.245 1172.270 1182.215 1152.248 1092.221 1242.287 1252.405 1122.258 1112.218 1032.328 932.285
 Lesotho 1122.202 982.131 1032.167 104=2.144 902.066 631.941 631.891 501.839 49=[lower-alpha 7]1.840 531.864 — — — — —
 Thailand 1132.205 1142.245 1172.278 1132.259 1202.286 1252.312 1262.303 126=2.395 1302.378 1262.303 1072.247 1242.393 1182.353 1182.424 1052.491
 Uganda 1142.219 1092.202 105=2.196 1072.168 1052.182 101=2.148 111=2.179 1102.221 1062.180 982.121 96=2.159 1002.165 1032.140 1142.391 1042.489
 Togo 1152.239 1082.201 1082.205 98=2.104 631.939 661.954 71=1.944 80=2.003 671.954 — — — — — —
 Kenya 1162.254 1252.375 1192.300 1232.315[lower-alpha 8] 1252.336 1312.379 1332.342 1322.452 1362.466 1202.252 1112.276 1202.369 1132.266 1192.429 912.258
 Belarus 1172.285 942.111 972.115 1012.112 1032.141 106=2.202 1102.173 922.078 962.117 1092.208 1122.283 1052.204 982.103 942.194 —
 Mauritania 1182.290 117=2.287 1222.333 1272.355 1282.355 1232.295 1222.262 1202.350 1222.326 1252.301 1302.425 1232.389 1242.478 1202.435 —
 Republic of the Congo 1192.291 1242.343 1212.323 1262.343 1242.334 1142.249 1152.196 1092.211 1072.183 1042.148 982.165 1022.192 106=2.202 1172.417 —
 Algeria 1202.310 117=2.287 1112.219 1092.182 1092.201 1082.213 1042.131 1142.239 1192.284 1212.255 1292.423 1162.277 1102.212 1122.378 1072.503
 Azerbaijan 1212.334 1202.300 1302.425 1322.454 1322.426 1342.450 1322.325 1232.365 1262.350 1322.360 1222.379 1192.367 114=2.327 1012.287 1012.448
 United States 1222.337 1212.307 1282.401 1212.300 1142.232 1032.154 942.038 1012.137 99=2.126 882.058 822.063 852.056 832.015 972.227 962.317
 South Africa 1232.344 1232.317 1272.399 1252.328 1232.324 1262.316 1362.376 1222.364 1212.292 1272.321 118[lower-alpha 9]2.35[lower-alpha 9] 1212.380 1232.437 1162.412 992.399
 Honduras 1242.371 1192.288 1232.341 1182.282 1062.185 111=2.237 1162.210 1172.281 1232.332 1292.339 1172.327 1252.395 1122.265 1042.335 982.390
 Saudi Arabia 1252.376 1282.443 1292.409 1292.417 1332.474 1292.338 952.042 80=2.003 972.119 1062.178 1012.192 107=2.216 1042.167 1082.357 902.246
 Egypt 1262.397 1302.481 1362.521 1422.632 1392.583 1422.574 1372.382 143=2.571 113=2.258 111=2.220 732.023 491.784 54=1.773 691.987 732.068
 Philippines 1272.417 1292.471 1342.516 1372.512 1382.555 1392.511 1412.462 1342.456 1292.374 1332.415 1362.574 1302.574 114=2.327 1132.385 1002.428
 Brazil 1282.430 1262.413 1162.271 1062.160 1082.199 1052.176 1032.122 912.073 812.051 832.017 742.040 83=2.048 852.022 902.168 832.173
 Burundi 1292.434 1322.506 1352.520 1342.488 1412.641 1382.500 130=2.323 1302.418 1442.593 1382.524 1322.532 1312.577 1272.529 — —
 Nicaragua 1302.445 1352.553 1202.312 681.960 742.002 691.975 74=1.947 581.882 661.931 81=2.006 722.021 641.924 61=1.801 58=1.919 662.020
 Myanmar 1312.457 1272.424 1252.393 1222.302 1042.179 1152.256 130=2.323 1362.473 1402.528 1392.525 1332.538 1322.580 1262.501 1262.590 1082.524
 Chad 1322.489 1342.538 1372.522 1352.498 1352.495 1362.464 1402.429 1422.558 1382.493 1452.671 1412.740 1412.964 1382.880 1353.007 —
 Zimbabwe 1332.490 1312.485 1322.463 1242.326 1272.352 1272.322 1252.294 1482.662 1492.696 1402.538 1402.722 1352.678 134=2.736 1242.513 1062.495
 Burkina Faso 1342.527 1222.316 1042.176 802.029 912.070 882.063 831.994 781.998 872.064 56=1.881 511.832 571.852 711.905 812.062 —
 India 1352.553 1392.628 1412.605 1362.504 1372.541 1412.566 1432.504 143=2.571 1412.570 1422.549 1352.570 1282.516 1222.422 1072.355 1092.530
 Eritrea 1362.555 1362.567 1332.504 1382.522 1362.505 1352.460 1272.309 1242.377 1202.288 1222.264 1042.227 — — — —
 Niger 1372.589 1382.608 1262.394 1282.359 1262.343 1132.239 1292.320 1212.351 1272.362 1162.241 119=2.356 — — — —
 Palestine 1382.610 1432.699 1422.608 1412.621 1452.774 1482.832 — — — — — — — — —
 Ethiopia 1392.613 1332.526 1312.434 1392.524 1342.477 1192.284 1192.234 1392.502 1462.630 1372.504 1312.468 1272.444 1282.551 1212.439 1032.479
 Mexico 1402.620 1372.572 1402.600 1402.583 1422.646 1402.557 1442.530 1382.500 1332.434 1352.445 1212.362 107=2.216 1082.209 932.191 792.125
 Iran 1412.637 1422.672 1392.542 1312.439 1292.364 1332.411 1382.409 1312.437 1372.473 1282.324 119=2.356 1042.202 992.104 1052.341 972.320
 Ukraine 1422.660 1482.927 1502.950 1523.113 1543.184 1563.287 1502.845 1412.546 1112.238 711.953 69=1.995 972.115 822.010 842.096 802.150
 Israel 1432.669 1452.775 1462.735 1462.764 1442.707 1442.656 1482.781 1492.689 1502.730 1502.842 1452.901 1443.019 1413.035 1363.052 1193.033
 Colombia 1442.694 1402.646 1432.661 1452.729 146=2.777 1472.764 1462.720 1502.701 1472.634 1442.625 1392.700 1382.787 1302.645 1302.757 1162.770
 Cameroon 1452.700 1412.650 1382.538 1332.484 1302.390 1302.356 1342.349 1132.235 1082.191 972.113 862.104 1062.210 952.073 922.182 762.093
 Nigeria 1462.712 1472.865 1482.898 1482.873 1492.849 1492.877 1512.910 1512.710 1482.693 1462.801 1422.743 1372.756 1292.602 1292.724 1172.898
 Lebanon 1472.797 1462.828 1472.800 1472.778 1482.782 1462.752 1452.623 1462.620 1422.575 1362.459 1372.597 1342.639 1322.718 1322.840 1142.662
 Mali 1482.813 1442.729 1452.710 1442.686 1402.596 1372.489 1282.310 1352.465 1252.346 1022.132 1002.188 1092.240 962.086 992.238 —
 Turkey 1492.843 1502.959 1523.015 1492.898 146=2.777 1452.710 1352.363 1282.402 1342.437 1302.344 1272.411 1262.420 1212.389 1152.403 922.272
 Pakistan 1502.868 1522.973 1533.072 1513.079 1523.058 1533.145 1543.049 1543.107 1573.106 1492.833 1462.905 1453.050 1372.859 1272.694 1152.697
 North Korea 1512.923 1512.962 1512.995 1502.950 1502.967 1502.944 1532.977 1533.071 1543.044 1522.932 1493.092 1393.855 1312.717 1332.850 —
 Venezuela 1522.934 1492.936 1442.671 1432.642 1432.652 1432.651 1422.493 1292.410 1282.370 1232.278 1242.403 1222.387 1202.381 1232.505 1022.453
 Sudan 1532.936 1533.043 1492.921 1533.155 155=3.213 1553.269 1563.295 1573.362 1583.242 1563.193 1513.223 1463.125 1402.922 1383.189 1203.182
 Russia 1542.993 1543.049 1543.093 1543.160 1513.047 1513.079 1522.954 1523.039 1553.060 1532.938 1472.966 1433.013 1362.750 1312.777 1182.903
 Central African Republic 1553.131 1553.237 1573.296 1553.236 155=3.213 1573.354 1583.332 1563.331 1533.031 1512.872 1442.869 1362.753 1332.733 1342.857 —
 Libya 1563.166 1573.258 1563.285 1573.262 1573.328 1543.200 1492.819 1332.453 1452.604 147=2.830 1432.816 561.839 461.710 611.927 581.967
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1573.196 1563.243 1553.218 1563.251 1533.061 1523.112 1553.085 1553.213 1563.085 1543.073 1483.016 1402.925 1392.888 1282.707 —
 Somalia 1583.211 1583.302 1583.300 1593.367 1583.387 1593.414 1573.307 1583.368 1613.394 1583.392 1533.379 1483.390 1423.257 1393.293 —
 Iraq 1593.257 1613.487 1593.369 1603.425 1613.556 1613.570 1613.444 1593.377 1593.245 1553.192 1523.296 1493.406 1443.341 1403.514 1213.437
 South Sudan 1603.363 1603.447 1613.526 1613.508 1603.524 1623.593 1593.383 1603.397 1432.576 — — — — — —
 Syria 1613.371 1623.539 1623.566 1633.600 1633.814 1633.806 1623.645 1623.650 1603.393 147=2.830 1162.322 1152.274 922.049 752.027 772.106
 Yemen 1623.407 1593.411 1603.412 1583.305 1593.412 1583.399 1472.751 1472.629 1522.747 1432.601 1382.670 1292.573 1192.363 1062.352 952.309
 Afghanistan 1633.631 1633.644 1633.574 1623.585 1623.567 1603.538 1603.427 1613.416 1623.440 1573.252 1503.212 1473.252 1433.285 1373.126 —

Note: The GPI's methodology is updated regularly and is improved to reflect the most up-to-date datasets. Each year's GPI report includes a detailed description of the methodology used. Also, the data is revised periodically and so values from different years may change accordingly.
This table contains the scores and ranking published in the official yearly reports, for the latest revised data please visit the Interactive world map of the Global Peace Index.

International response

The Index has received endorsements as a political project from a number of major international figures, including the former Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan; former President of Finland and 2008 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Martti Ahtisaari; the Dalai Lama; Archbishop Desmond Tutu; Muhammad Yunus; and former United States President Jimmy Carter.[23] Steve Killelea, A.M., the Australian philanthropist who conceived the idea of the Index, argues that the Index is "a wake-up call for leaders around the globe".[24]

The Index has been widely recognized. Professor Jeffrey Sachs, Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, said: "The GPI continues its pioneering work in drawing the world's attention to the massive resources we are squandering in violence and conflict. The lives and money wasted in wars, incarcerations, weapons systems, weapons trade, and more could be directed to ending poverty, promoting education, and protecting the environment. The GPI will not only draw attention to these crucial issues but help us understand them and to invest productively in a more peaceful world."[25]

Following the release of the 2015 GPI, Professor Sir Lawrence Freedman of King's College in London called the Index "an extraordinarily useful body of information", declaring of its analysis: "The best indicator of future conflict is past conflict. The challenge is how we break that cycle."[26]

The Economist, in publishing the first edition of the index in 2007, admitted: "The index will run into some flak." Specifically, according to The Economist, the weighting of military expenditure "may seem to give heart to freeloaders: countries that enjoy peace precisely because others (often the USA) care for their defence," and said the true utility of the index may lie not in its specific current rankings of countries but in how those rankings change over time, thus tracking when and how countries become more or less peaceful.[27] In 2012, The Economist suggested: "Quantifying peace is a bit like trying to describe how happiness smells." The publication admitted that the GPI has produced some "surprising results" and argued that "part of the appeal of the index is that readers can examine each of the variables in turn and think about how much weight to add to each."[28]

The Australian National University says that the GPI report presents "the latest and most comprehensive global data on trends in peace, violence and war" and "provides the world's best analysis of the statistical factors associated with long-term peace, as well as economic analysis on the macroeconomic impacts of everyday violence and war on the global economy."[29]

The GPI has been criticized for not including indicators specifically relating to violence against women and children. In 2007 Riane Eisler, writing in the Christian Science Monitor, argued: "To put it mildly, this blind spot makes the index very inaccurate." She mentions a number of specific cases, including Egypt, where she claims 90% of women are subject to genital mutilation, and China, where, she says, "female infanticide is still a problem", according to a 2000 UNICEF study.[30]

World leaders talking about the GPI

During a Peace Forum in August 2017, Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernandez said that "receiving such high praise from an institute that once named this country the most violent in the world is extremely significant... My administration will keep fighting to protect all Honduran citizens." The President has recently launched an initiative to build a series of safe parks across Honduras and hopes to see further improvement reflected in future GPI rankings.[31]

Malaysia ranked 29th in the 2017 GPI. The country's Communications and Multimedia Minister, Datuk Seri Salleh Said Keruak said that this ranking along with Malaysia's high place in the 2017 World Happiness Report was proof that the "government's efforts have made Malaysia a safe and prosperous country." He also admitted, "there's still much room for improvement to make Malaysia the best among the better countries and that's what we're doing now."[32]

After the release of the 2016 GPI, the Botswanan Office of the President released a proud statement, "in this year's Index, Botswana was ranked as 28 out of 163 countries, up 3 places from last year. This continues to place Botswana above over half of the European region countries surveyed as well as all five of the Permanent Members of the United Nations Security Council... in addition Botswana was one of only five countries, to achieve a perfect score in the domestic and international conflict domain."[33]

Navid Hanif, Director of the United Nations Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination said, "it's intuitive that peace is useful and peacefulness is a reward in itself, but the IEP is trying to make the conclusion more evidence-based. Now that the index covers 99% of the population, it has come a long way. The report systemically measures peacefulness and identifies the determinants of peace."[34]

Reacting to the 2017 results of the GPI, which ranked the Philippines 138 out of 163 countries, mainly because of poor scores in societal safety and security due to President Duterte's war on drugs, Philippine Presidential spokesman Ernesto Abella countered, "We're not entirely sure where the GPI, Global Peace Index analyst... who apparently is supposed to be a local, is really coming from. Maybe there's a political slant somewhere... based on survey results, the net satisfaction of Filipino people is quite high."[35]

Sierra Leone ranked 39th in the 2017 Global Peace Index. Former Chief of Staff and Office of National Security (ONS) adviser, Dr. Jonathan PJ Sandy, "welcomed the 2017 Global Peace Index report released recently which ranked Sierra Leone in first position, as the most peaceful country in West Africa and third in the African continent... He observed that going by the report itself, [future] elections might be successfully held." Presidential Spokesman, Abdulai Bayraytay "said the favourable Global Peace rating of Sierra Leone would serve as an impetus for the country to do more."[36]

Media coverage

The Independent: Global Peace Index: US Facing New Era of Instability as Middle East Sinks Further into Turmoil: "An annual global peace index has concluded that US political turmoil had pushed North America into deep instability in 2016 while the Middle East sank deeper into turmoil. Despite depicting tumult across continents, the 2017 Global Peace Index said the world had overall become more peaceful in the past year when measured against a range of indicators."[37]

BBC: Global Peace Index 2017: World 0.28% more peaceful than last year: "Levels of peace around the world have improved slightly for the first time since the Syrian war began, but harmony has decreased in the US and terrorism records have increased, a Sydney-based think-tank has found."[38]

Forbes: "The Global Peace Index, which the Institute compiles annually, paints a sombre picture: The world has become even less peaceful in 2016, continuing a decade-long trend of increased violence and strife. Published every year since 2008, the Index ranks 163 independent states and territories by their level of peacefulness."[3]

Forbes: The World's Most and Least Peaceful Countries [Infographic]: "The 2017 Global Peace Index has found that the world has become a slightly safer place over the past year. However, the political fallout and deep rooted division brought on by the US presidential election campaign has led to a deterioration of peace levels in North America."[39]

The Guardian: Fraught White House Campaign Blamed as US Bucks Global Trend Towards Peace: "The divisive nature of Donald Trump's rise to the White House has increased mistrust of the US government and means social problems are likely to become more entrenched, said the authors of the annual Global Peace Index, in which 163 countries and territories are analysed."[40]

HuffingtonPost: Global Peace Index 2017: Donald Trump Fallout Causes North America To Plummet Down Ranking: "While the world became a safer place to live overall, the 2017 Global Peace Index found disruption caused by the perception of corruption and attacks on media in the US led to its deterioration."[41]

The Washington Times: U.S. Ranked the 114th Most Peaceful Nation on Earth says Annual Global Ranking: "The index is produced by the Australia-based Institute for Economics and Peace, which figures that the impact of strife worldwide is $14.3 trillion. News is not all bad, though. In a nutshell, the index found that 93 nations became 'more peaceful' in the last year, 68 were 'less peaceful.'"[42]

Business Insider: The 12 Safest Countries in the World: "The think tank Institute for Economics and Peace recently published the Global Peace Index 2017, which reveals the safest — as well as the most dangerous — countries in the world. The report ranked 163 countries based on how peaceful they are. The rankings were determined by 23 factors, which included homicide rate, political terror, and deaths from internal conflict."[43]

Indian news websites, ZeeNews, HindustanTimes, and Jagran Josh: The three Indian news agencies described the GPI's ranking system, global peace trends, highlights from that year's GPI and India's own placement in the GPI. The Hindustan Times quoted the GPI and emphasized that "violence impacted India's economy by USD 679.80 billion in 2016, 9 % of India's GDP, or USD 525 per person"[44][45][46]

Philstar, Filipino newspaper: "Among all the 163 countries, the Philippines is ranked 138. For perspective, India is ranked just one notch above, at 137. Despite this low ranking, however, it has remained relatively stable in this low rank over time a long time. Though the raw score has worsened over the previous year, the country's rank has not been far off from this rank in previous years...Though the point of view of the report deserves respect concerning societal safety, another side of the story needs more hearing internationally."[47]

World Economic Forum: These are the Most Peaceful Countries in the World: "The Global Peace Index ranks 163 countries according to their domestic and international conflicts, safety and security and degree of militarization. It found 93 had improved, while 68 had deteriorated, and overall peace levels had inched up 0.28%."[48]

Academic references

The International Journal of Press/Politics: "Social Media and the Arab Spring: Politics comes first": This article utilized the findings of the 2010 GPI to construct a human rights index, which was used in their overall study on the use of social media in political uprisings, and in the Arab Spring context in particular.[49]

Contemporary Security Policy: "Failed states and international order: constructing a post-Westphalian world": The Global Peace Index, along with four other global indices, is used in this study's ranking of 'state failure'. "Although this index focuses primarily on trends of armed conflict and violence it is relevant to state weakness and failure as the indicators measured for the assessment of 'peace' in this context are also indicative of state capacity."[50]

Biological Reviews: "Does Infectious Disease cause Global Variation in the Frequency of Intrastate Armed Conflict and Civil War?": This study used the 2008 Global Peace Index to build what they call a 'path analysis,' in which they sought to uncover "whether infectious disease causes the emergence of a collectivist culture."[51]

Political Research Quarterly: "Measuring the Rule of Law": This article attempts to measure the rule of law, and in doing so "correlated the rule of law indices with a measure of violent crime (for 2007) included in the Global Peace Index."[52]

Applied Energy: "The Analysis of Security Cost for Different Energy Sources": This study utilized the Global Peace Index in calculating a disruption probability from geopolitical instability, with the overall aim of analysing security costs for different sources of energy.[53]

International Political Science Review: "Measuring Effective Democracy: A Defence": In the construction of an effective democracy index (EDI), the authors built a table that includes 2008 GPI scores as a dependent variable in a regression analysis of economic development and various indices of democracy.[54]

Institute for Security Studies: "African Futures 2050- The Next Forty Years": The African human security research institution utilized the findings of the Global Peace Index of 2010 to emphasize trends in drug crime and violence on the African continent.[55][56]

Nature Communications: "Global Priorities for an Effective Information Basis of Biodiversity Distributions": In their article about insufficient digital accessible information about ecosystems and biodiversity, the authors utilized the GPI to model the "effects of secure conditions" based on the index as a measure of political stability, armed conflict, and public safety levels.[57]

Nordic Journal of Religion and Society: "Why are Danes and Swedes so Irreligious": This article uses the Global Peace Index, and its very high rankings of Denmark (3rd in 2008) and Sweden (13th in 2008) to support claims that the countries' lack of religiosity can be linked to prosperous societal structures.[58]

Food Security: "Tracking phosphorus security: indicators of phosphorus vulnerability in the global food system": Along with eleven other indicators, the GPI was used as a measure of political instability for the development of a utilized in the development of a phosphorus vulnerability analysis, aimed at formulating food production methods and government policy.[59]

World Politics: "The System Worked: Global Economic Governance During the Great Recession": Drezner uses GPI measurements, particularly the fact that interstate violence and military expenditures have decreased in the years studied, to bolster an argument suggesting that the Great Recession has not led to an increase in global violence and conflict.[60]

Journal of Sustainable Development Studies: "Insecurity and Socio-economic Development in Nigeria": This sustainable development study utilized the GPI, in conjunction with the Human Development Index and the Corruption Perception Index to track fluctuations in Nigeria's socio-economic climate and insecurity issues over the past decade.[61]

Harvard Educational Review: "Peace Education in a Violent Culture": In criticizing the United States' culture of violence, the author refers to the developed country's remarkably low ranking on the Global Peace Index as evidence of violence's impact on societal peacefulness.[62]

International Security: "The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States": In this piece, the authors use the Global Peace Index as one of three measures of state security; the GPI is specifically used as a "general measure of state peacefulness". The report concludes that higher levels of women's physical security correlates positively with the GPI.[63]

The Equal Rights Review: "The Mental Health Gap in South Africa: A Human Rights Issue": South Africa's poor GPI ranking, among other measures is cited by the authors as part of their overall argument that the national government is not implementing promises made towards the achievement of equality, as signatories of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).[64]

Environment, Development and Sustainability: "Creating a 'Values' Chain for Sustainable Development in Developing Nations: Where Maslow meets Porter": This study uses the 'safety and security' measures of the GPI, including political instability, level of violent crime, and likelihood of violent demonstrations, for supporting an argument that renders societal safety and security necessary for sustainable development.[65]

See also
  • Global Terrorism Index
  • Human Development Index
  • Institute for Economics and Peace
  • Steve Killelea
  • United Kingdom Peace Index
  • United States Peace Index
  • World Happiness Report
  • World peace

Notes
  1. In this case, a conflict is defined as, "a contested incompatibility that concerns government and/or territory where the use of armed force between two parties, of which at least one is the government of a state, results in at least 25 battle-related deaths in a year."
  2. Excludes militia and national guard forces.
  3. This includes, "cash outlays of central or federal government to meet the costs of national armed forces—including strategic, land, naval, air, command, administration and support forces as well as paramilitary forces, customs forces and border guards if these are trained and equipped as a military force."
  4. This includes transfers, purchases, or gifts of aircraft, armoured vehicles, artillery, radar systems, missiles, ships, engines
  5. Rates the destructive capability of a country's stock of heavy weapons via a categorized system. As of 2013, countries with nuclear capabilities receive a score of five, the highest possible score.
  6. Ranking error in the report's main table, please refer to pg. 7.
  7. Ranking error in the report's main table, please refer to pg. 12.
  8. Wrong value in the report's main table, please refer to pg. 18.
  9. Omitted in the report's main table, please refer to pg. 14.

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