Tianjin

The land where Tianjin is located today was created in between 900 and 1300 CE by sedimentation of various rivers entering the sea at Bohai Gulf, including the Yellow River, which entered the open sea in this area at one point. The construction of the Grand Canal under the Sui dynasty helped the future development of Tianjin as the canal ran from Hangzhou to the Beijing and Tianjin region by 609 CE. Grain from southern China was regularly transported to the north through the canal and was used during the subsequent dynasties. Tianjin begins to be increasingly mentioned in records during the Song dynasty and gains importance during the Yuan dynasty. Tianjin experienced development under the Yuan and became a prime location for the storage of goods and grains. Tianjin became a garrison town and shipping station during the Ming dynasty. It became a center of commerce and prosperity by the 17th century.[17]

During the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) Tianjin Prefecture or Zhou (州) was established in 1725, and Tianjin County was established within the prefecture in 1731. Later it was upgraded to an urban prefecture or Fu (府) before becoming a relay station (駐地) under the command of the Viceroy of Zhili.

1913 map of Tianjin

In 1856, Chinese soldiers boarded The Arrow, a Chinese-owned ship registered in Hong Kong flying the British flag and suspected of piracy, smuggling, and of being engaged in the opium trade. They captured 12 men and imprisoned them. In response, the British and French sent gunboats under the command of Admiral Sir Michael Seymour to capture the Taku forts near Tianjin in May 1858. At the end of the first part of the Second Opium War in June of the same year, the British and French prevailed, and the Treaty of Tientsin were signed, which opened Tientsin (Tianjin) to foreign trade. The treaties were ratified by the Xianfeng Emperor in 1860, and Tianjin was formally opened to Great Britain and France, and thus to the outside world. Between 1895 and 1900, Britain and France were joined by Japan, Germany and Russia, and even by countries without Chinese concessions such as Austria-Hungary, Italy and Belgium, in establishing self-contained concessions in Tianjin, each with its own prisons, schools, barracks and hospitals.[18] These nations left many architectural reminders of their rule, notably churches and thousands of villas.

Church of Our Lady's Victories, built in 1869, was the site of the Tianjin Church Massacre.

The presence of foreign influence in Tianjin was not always peaceful; one of the most serious violent incidents to date was the Tianjin Church Massacre. In June 1870, the orphanage held by the Wanghailou Church (Church Our Lady's Victories), in Tianjin, built by French Roman Catholic missionaries, was accused of the kidnapping and brainwashing of Chinese children. On June 21, the magistrate of Tianjin County initiated a showdown at the church that developed into violent clashes between the church's Christian supporters and some non-Christian Tianjin residents. The furious protesters eventually burned down Wanghailou Church and the nearby French consulate and killed eighteen foreigners including ten French nuns, the French consul himself, and merchants. France and six other Western nations complained to the Qing government, which was forced to pay compensation for the incident.

In 1885 Li Hongzhang founded the Tianjin Military Academy (天津武備學堂) for Chinese army officers with German advisors, as part of his military reforms.[19] The move was supported by Anhui Army commander Zhou Shengchuan.[19]^: 267 The academy was to serve Anhui Army and Green Standard Army officers. Various practical military, mathematic and science subjects were taught at the academy. The instructors were German officers.[19]^: 267 Another program was started at the academy for five years in 1887 to train teenagers as new army officers.[19]^: 268 Mathematics, practical and technical subjects including sciences, foreign languages, Chinese Classics and history were taught at the school. Exams were administered to students. The instruction for Tianjin Military Academy was copied at the Weihaiwei and Shanhaiguan military schools.[19]^: 268 The 'maritime defense fund' supplied the budget for the Tianjin Military Academy, which was shared with the Tianjin Naval Academy.[19]^: 268 The Tianjin Military Academy in 1886 adopted as part of its curriculum the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.[20] Among its alumni were Wang Yingkai and Duan Qirui. Among its staff was Yinchang.

Peiyang University, established 1895

In June 1900, the Boxers were able to seize control of much of Tianjin. On June 26, European defense forces heading towards Beijing were stopped by Boxers at nearby Langfang, and were defeated and forced to turn back to Tianjin. The foreign concessions were also under siege for several weeks.

Tung Lai Bank building on Heping Road, built in 1930

In July 1900, the Eight-Nation Alliance recaptured Tientsin. This alliance soon established the Tianjin Provisional Government, composed of representatives from each of the occupying forces (Russian, British, Japanese, German, French, American, Austro-Hungarian, and Italian). The city was governed by this council until August 15, 1902 when the city was returned to Qing control. Eminent Qing General Yuan Shikai led efforts to transform Tianjin into a modern city, establishing the first modern Chinese police force. In 1907, Yuan supervised China's first modern democratic elections for a county council.

Major crossing (Rue Général Foch and Rue de Chaylard) of downtown Tientsin in French concession

Western nations were permitted to garrison the area to ensure open access to Beijing. The British maintained a brigade of two battalions in Tianjin, and the Italians, French, Japanese, Germans, Russians, and Austro-Hungarians maintained under strength regiments; the United States did not initially participate. During World War I, the German and Austro-Hungarian garrisons were captured and held as Prisoners of War by Allied Forces while the Bolshevik government withdrew the Russian garrison in 1918. In 1920, the remaining participating nations asked the United States to join them, and the US then sent the 15th Infantry Regiment, less one battalion, to Tianjin from the Philippines.

Because of the rapid development of industry, commerce and finance, Tientsin was established as a municipality of China in 1927. From 1930 to 1935, Tientsin was the provincial capital of Hopeh, after which it was reestablished as a municipality.

Garrison duty was highly regarded by the troops. General George C. Marshall, the "architect of victory" in World War II when he was the United States Army Chief of Staff, served at Tianjin in the 1920s as Executive Officer of the 15th Infantry. The US withdrew this unit in 1938 and a US presence was maintained only by the dispatch of a small US Marine Corps unit from the Embassy Guard at Beijing.

Asahi Street (now Heping Road) in 1939 Tianjin flood

On July 30, 1937, Tianjin fell to Japan, as part of the Second Sino-Japanese War, but was not entirely occupied, as the Japanese for the most part respected foreign concessions until 1941, when the American and British concessions were occupied. In the summer of 1939, there occurred a major crisis in Anglo-Japanese relations with the Tientsin Incident. On June 14, 1939, the Imperial Japanese Army surrounded and blockaded the British concession over the refusal of the British authorities to hand over to the Japanese six Chinese who had assassinated a locally prominent Japanese collaborator, and had taken refuge in the British concession. For a time, the 1939 crisis appeared likely to cause an Anglo-Japanese war, especially when reports of the maltreatment by the Japanese Army of British subjects wishing to leave or enter the concession appeared in the British press. The crisis ended when the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was advised by the Royal Navy and the Foreign Office that the only way to force the Japanese to lift the blockade was to send the main British battle fleet to Far Eastern waters, and that given the current crisis in Europe that it would be inappropriate to send the British fleet out of European waters, thus leading the British to finally turn over the six Chinese, who were then executed by the Japanese. During the Japanese occupation, Tianjin was ruled by the North China Executive Committee, a puppet state based in Beijing.

On August 9, 1940, all of the British troops in Tianjin were ordered to withdraw. On November 14, 1941 the American Marine unit stationed in Tianjin was ordered to leave, but before this could be accomplished, the Japanese attacked the United States. The American Marine detachment surrendered to the Japanese on December 8, 1941. Only the Italian and French concessions (the local French officials were loyal to Vichy) were allowed by the Japanese to remain. When Italy signed an armistice with the Allies in September 1943, Japanese troops took the Italian concession following a battle with its garrison, and the Italian Social Republic formally ceded it to Wang Jingwei's Japan-controlled puppet state. Japanese occupation of the city lasted until August 15, 1945, with the surrender of Japan marking the end of World War II.

P.R.China's 10th anniversary parade in Tianjin in 1959

In the Pingjin Campaign of the Chinese Civil War, the city was captured after 29 hours of fighting. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) took Tianjin on January 15, 1949.

From 1949 to February 1958, Tianjin was a municipality directly under the control of the central government. In October 1952, Tanggu New Port officially opened its doors, and the first 10,000-ton ferry arrived at Newport Pier. In February 1958, due to the "Great Leap Forward" and Tianjin's good industrial foundation, Tianjin was incorporated into Hebei Province and Hebei Province was relocated to Tianjin for eight years. During the period, under the coordination of the State Council, the city of Tianjin implemented a separate policy for central planning, which was independent of Hebei Province. However, a large number of factories and colleges in Tianjin moved to Hebei, adversely affecting Tianjin's economic development. In January 1967, due to "preparation, preparation for disasters", and concerns that Tianjin would become a battlefield, Hebei Province repatriated the provincial capital to Baoding, and the CCP Central Committee decided that Tianjin should be restored to the central municipality and remain so far. In April 1970, in the event that the Central Government had applied for funding for the construction of the subway, the Tianjin Municipal Government decided to raise funds on its own to establish the project on the basis of the name of the channel, and build it on the basis of the old walled river. In July 1973, five counties including Jixian, Baodi, Wuqing, Jinghai, and Ninghe were formally placed under the jurisdiction of Tianjin.

Luanhe hydraulic engineering monument and Tianjin Eye

On July 28, 1976, during the 7.6 magnitude Tangshan Earthquake, Tianjin was affected by the shock waves and suffered major loss of life. In the city, 24,345 people died and 21,497 were seriously injured. 60% of the city's buildings were destroyed and more than 30% of the enterprises and Peking Port Reservoir and Yuqiao Reservoir were seriously damaged. Nearly 700,000 people were left homeless. On October 10 of the same year, the Tianjin Underground Railway was opened to traffic. In 1981, Miyun Reservoir was built on the upper reaches of the Hai River and is used to supply water for Beijing, however the reservoir stopped the river from supplying water to Tianjin, resulting in difficulty in the use of water in Tianjin. In the same year, the State Council of the People's Republic of China decided to initiate a project to solve the problem of water use in Tianjin and attract talented individuals to the city's academic centers.

Monument of TEDA

In 1984, during the beginning of the Chinese government's economic reforms, Tianjin was listed as one of the 14 coastal open cities by the State Council and the Tianjin Development Zone's economy began to develop rapidly, However, the overall development speed of Tianjin is still slower than that of special economic zones and that of other southeast coastal areas. In 1994, Tianjin began its strategic industrial shift towards the east and developed the Binhai New Area with the Tianjin Port as the core. In October 2005, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CCP Central Committee was convened. The meeting decided to incorporate the development and opening up of the Binhai New Area into the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" and the national development strategy. In March 2006, the State Council executive meeting positioned Tianjin as an "international port city, a northern economic center, and an "ecological city". Since then, the dispute between the Beijing-Tianjin economic center at the policy level has come to an end. In May 2006, the State Council approved the Binhai New Area as a national integrated reform pilot area. In June of the same year, the "State Council's Opinions on Promoting the Development and Opening of the Tianjin Binhai New Area" was announced and clearly stated: "In financial enterprises, financial services, financial markets, and finance Major reforms such as opening up can, in principle, be scheduled to precede the Tianjin Binhai New Area.

In August 2008, China's first high-speed railway, the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway, with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour was opened. In August 2008 Tianjin was the co-host city of the 29th Olympic Games. In September 2008, the Annual Meeting of the New Champions of World Economic Forum (also called Summer Davos) began to be established in Tianjin and is held every two years.[21] In October 2010, the UN Climate Change Conference convened in Tianjin.[22] In 2012, the Tianjin Metro Lines 2, 3, and 9 were completed and open to traffic, and Tianjin Rail Transit was formally networked.

In October 2013, Tianjin hosted the East Asian Games, which was the first time Tianjin hosted an international comprehensive event. In 2014, the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei was officially incorporated into the national strategy. Tianjin was positioned as "National Advanced Manufacturing R&D Base, Northern International Shipping Core Area, Financial Innovation Operation Demonstration Area, and Reform and Opening-up Preceding Area". In the same year, the first phase of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project was completed, and the water availability in Tianjin improved. On February 26, 2015, the Tianjin National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone was formally established. On April 21, the China (Tianjin) Free Trade Pilot Zone was formally established. On April 27, Jincheng Bank, the first private bank in northern China, officially opened its doors.

On August 12, 2015, a major fire and explosion accident occurred in a chemical warehouse in Tianjin Port, causing 173 deaths, hundreds of injuries, and property losses.[23] The first two explosions occurred within 30 seconds of each other at the facility, which is located in the Binhai New Area of Tianjin, China. The second explosion was far larger and involved the detonation of about 800 tonnes of ammonium nitrate (approx. 256 tonnes TNT equivalent). Fires caused by the initial explosions continued to burn uncontrolled throughout the weekend, resulting in eight additional explosions on 15 August. The buildings of seven more surrounding logistics companies were destroyed. The cost to businesses caused by the explosion was estimated at $9 billion, making it the third most expensive supply chain disruption of 2015.

Panorama of Hai River

Tianjin has a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk bordering on Dwa). It has a four-season, monsoon-influenced climate, typical of East Asia, with cold, windy, very dry winters reflecting the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone, and hot, humid summers, due to the monsoon. Spring in the city is dry and windy, occasionally seeing sandstorms blowing in from the Gobi Desert, capable of lasting for several days. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −3.4 °C (25.9 °F) in January to 26.8 °C (80.2 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 48% in July to 61% in October, the city receives 2,522 hours of bright sunshine annually. Having a low annual total precipitation of 511 millimeters (20.1 in), and nearly three-fifths of it occurring in July and August alone, the city lies within the semi-arid zone, with parts of the municipality being humid continental (Köppen BSk/Dwa, respectively).[26]

Extreme temperatures have ranged from −22.9 °C (−9 °F) to 40.5 °C (105 °F).[27]

In May 2014, the city's administration enacted new laws in an attempt to lower the city's pollution levels. These measures included several restrictions on days of severe pollution; halving the number of vehicles allowed on roads, halting construction and manufacturing activity, closing schools, and halting large-scale outdoor activities.[30]

Flights have also been grounded and highways closed.[31]

Foreign-born professional sportsmen have made statements regarding Tianjin's air quality, citing it as an impediment to athletic activity and being thick enough to "taste".[32]

Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area

As one of the first state-level economic and technological development zones, the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA) was founded on December 6, 1984, with the approval of the State Council. It enjoys relevant state preferential policies with the major task of attracting domestic and foreign investment to develop high and new technology oriented modern industries. As an affiliated organ of the Tianjin Municipal Government, the Administrative Commission of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area exercises unified administration of TEDA on behalf of the Tianjin Municipal Government and enjoys provincial-level administrative and economic management rights.

The Tianjin Export Processing Zone is one of the first 15 export processing zones approved by the State Council on April 27, 2000. This is a special enclosed zone where the Customs conduct 24-hour administration on commodities transported into and out of the zone and relevant places. The central government granted this special economic zone special preferential policies to attract enterprises in the business of processing and trade to invest in the zone. Tianjin Export Processing Zone is located to the northeast of TEDA with a planned area of 2.54 km² (0.98 sq mi). The area developed in the first phase is 1m². A permanent wall is built to separate export processing zone and non-export processing zone.[39]

The Tianjin Airport International Logistics Zone is jointly invested by Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone and Tianjin Binhai International Airport. It is located inside the airfreight area of Tianjin Binhai International Airport. It has domestic and foreign excellent airfreight logistics enterprises engaged in sorting, warehousing, distribution, processing, exhibition. It is in the process of constructing the largest airfreight base in northern China.[40]

US Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi visiting a Tianjin Qingyuan Electric Vehicle factory in 2009

The Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone is the only free trade zone in northern China. The zone was approved to be established in 1991 by State Council. It is 30 km (19 mi) from Tianjin city proper, less than 1 km (0.62 mi) away from the wharf and only 38 km (24 mi) away from Tianjin Binhai International Airport.[41]

The Tianjin Tanggu Marine High-Tech Development Area was established in 1992, and was upgraded to the national-level high-tech development area by the State Council in 1995, it is the only national-level high-tech development area specializing in developing the marine Hi-Tech industry. By the end of 2008, the zone had 2068 corporations and 5 industries there including new materials, oil manufacturing, modern machinery manufacturing, and electronic information.[42]

The Tianjin Nangang Industrial Zone is a heavy and chemical industry base and harbor; an important part of the "dual-city, dual-harbor"space development strategy of Tianjin, a demonstration zone of circular economy. The total planned area of Nangang Industrial Zone is 200 km² (77 sq mi), of which the terrestrial area is 162 km² (63 sq mi).

Farmland takes up about 40% of Tianjin Municipality's total area. Wheat, rice, and maize are the most important crops.

Tianjin Municipality also has deposits of about 1 billion tonnes of petroleum, with Dagang District containing important oilfields. Salt production is also important, with Changlu Yanqu being one of China's most important salt production areas. Geothermal energy is another resource of Tianjin. Deposits of manganese and boron under Tianjin were the first to be found in China.

Tianjin Electric Power Utility serves with construction, delivering and supporting electrical power service.

The Tianjin Binhai New Area (TBNA) is located in the juncture of the Beijing-Tianjin City Belt and the Circum-Bohai City Belt. It is the gateway to North China, Northeast China, and Northwest China. Lying in the center of Northeast Asia, it is the nearest point of departure of the Eurasian Continental Bridge.

The first German newspaper in northern China, Tageblatt für Nordchina, was published in Tianjin.[54]

In 1912 Tianjin had 17 Chinese-language newspapers and 5 daily newspapers in other languages; none of the newspapers in the Tianjin district were trade papers. Of the foreign language newspapers, three were in English and one each was in French and German. Newspapers from Tianjin published in Tianjin included China Critic, Peking and Tientsin Times, The China Times,[55] Tageblatt für Nordchina, L'Écho de Tientsin, China Tribune, Ta Kung Pao (L'Impartial), Min Hsing Pao, and Jih Jih Shin Wen Pao (Tsientsin Daily News).[56] Newspapers from Beijing published in Tianjin included Pei Ching Jih Pao, Peking Daily News, and Le Journal de Peking.[55]

In 1930, the newspaper Deutsch-Mandschurische Nachrichten[11] moved from Harbin to Tianjin and changed its name to the Deutsch-Chinesische Nachrichten.[57]

More and more, China's leading Internet information providers (usually located in Beijing), including social network Sina Weibo, Douban and the online video website Sohu, tend to relocate their censorship departments to Tianjin, where labor costs are cheaper than Beijing, as censorship is a kind of labor-intensive work. In fact, Tianjin has become the censorship capital of Chinese Internet.[11][58]

Tianjin Binhai International Airport Terminal 1 and 2

Tianjin Binhai International Airport is located in Dongli District roughly 13 km (8 mi) away from downtown area. The city is also served by the new Beijing Daxing International Airport in Beijing.

Tianjin Binhai International Airport now has a terminal building which covers an area of 25,000 m² (269,000 sq ft), a merchandise warehouse which covers an area of 29,500 m² (318,000 sq ft) and runways measuring 3.6 km (2.2 mi) in total. It has a grade 4E airstrip, which all kinds of large aircraft can take off from and land safely on. Tianjin Binhai International Airport[61] has 59 flight routes, connecting 48 cities, including 30 domestic cities and 17 foreign cities. Airline companies like Japan Airlines, All Nippon Airways, Korean Air, Asiana Airlines, Singapore Airlines Cargo and Martinair Holland all have flights to Tianjin Binhai International Airport.

Port of Tianjin pilot boat berth

Tianjin port is the world's top-level and China's largest artificial deep water harbor, and the throughput capacity ranks fifth in the world. Located in Binhai Economic Zone, a national new economic zone of China, Tianjin harbor is the port of call of international cruises visiting the wider area, including Beijing.

The TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram is one of the two rubber tire tram systems in Asia

Tianjin's harbor area of Binhai/TEDA has a modern, high speed rubber tired tram system, which is the first of its kind in China and Asia. Constructed in 2006, this marked a return of the tram to Tianjin, which once had an extensive standard steel-wheeled tramway network. The original Tianjin tram network was constructed by a Belgian company[62] in 1904 and opened in 1906. It was the first citywide tramway system in China. It closed in 1972.

The Tianjin Metro near Liuyuan station

The Tianjin Metro is formerly operated by two companies, Tianjin Metro General Corporation and Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit Development Company. However, in 2017, the two companies merged as Tianjin Rail Transit Group Corporation. They are currently under heavy expansion from five to nine lines. Six lines are currently operating both in the City and the Binhai area. As of April 2019, the entire network of Tianjin Metro has 155 stations and 6 lines.

Construction work on the Tianjin Metro started on July 4, 1970. It was the second metro to be built in China and commenced service in 1984. The total length of track was 7.4 kilometers (5 mi). The metro service was suspended on October 9, 2001 for reconstruction. The original line is now part of Line 1 of the new metro system. It was reopened to the public in June 2006. The track was extended to 26.2 km (16.280 mi)[63] and there are a total of 22 stations. Construction work on Line 2 and Line 3 was completed in 2012 and the two lines are now in operation. Several new metro lines are planned.

The two rapid transit operators in Tianjin are responsible for the service as follows:

• Tianjin Metro General Corporation, operates Lines 1, 2, 3 and 6
• Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit Development Company, operates Lines 5 and 9

Tianjin railway station

There are several railway stations in the city, Tianjin railway station being the principal one. It was built in 1888. The station was initially located at Wangdaozhuang (simplified Chinese: 旺道庄; traditional Chinese: 旺道莊; pinyin: Wàngdàozhuāng). The station was later moved to Laolongtou (simplified Chinese: 老龙头; traditional Chinese: 老龍頭; pinyin: Lǎolóngtóu) on the banks of the Hai He River in 1892, so the station was renamed Laolongtou Railway Station. The station was rebuilt from scratch in 1988. The rebuilding work began on April 15, 1987 and was finished on October 1, 1988. The Tianjin Railway Station is also locally called the 'East Station', due to its geographical position. In January 2007, the station began another long-term restructuring project to modernize the facility and as part of the larger Tianjin transport hub project involving Tianjin Metro lines 2, 3, and 9 as well as the Tianjin-Beijing High-speed rail.

Tianjin West railway station and Tianjin North railway station are also major railway stations in Tianjin. There is also Tanggu railway station is located in the important port area of Tanggu District, and Binhai railway station and Binhai North railway station located in TEDA, to the north of Tanggu. There are several other railway stations in the city that do not handle passenger traffic. Construction on a Beijing-Tianjin high-speed rail began on July 4, 2005 and was completed by August 2008.

The following rail lines go through Tianjin:

• Jingshan Railway, from Beijing to Shanhai Pass
• Jinpu Railway, from Tianjin to Pukou District, Nanjing
• Jinji Railway, from Tianjin urban area to Ji County, Tianjin
• Jinba Railway, from Tianjin to Bazhou, Hebei

Tianjin West railway station

The inter-city trains between Beijing and Tianjin will adopt a new numbering system: Cxxxx (C stands for interCity). The train numbers range between C2001～C2298:

• C2001～C2198: From Beijing South Station to Tianjin, directly
• C2201～C2268: From Beijing South Station to Tianjin, with stops at Wuqing Station (武清站)
• C2271～C2298: From Beijing South Station to Yujiapu Railway Station of Tianjin[64]

The new C trains take only 30 min to travel between Beijing and Tianjin, cutting the previous D train time by more than a half. The ticket price as of Aug 15, 08 is 69 RMB for the first-class seat and 58 RMB for the second-class seat.

Tianjin Bus Route 606

There were over 900 bus lines in the city as of 2005.[65]

Some roads and bridges have retained names that hark back to the Republic of China era (1912–1949) such as Minquan Gate and Beiyang Road. Like with most cities in China, many roads in Tianjin are named after Chinese provinces and cities. Also, Tianjin is unlike Beijing, in that very few roads run parallel to the major four cardinal directions.

Tianjin has three ring roads. The Inner and Middle Ring Roads are not closed, traffic-controlled roadways and some often have traffic light intersections. The Outer Ring Road is the closest thing to a highway-level ring road, although traffic is often chaotic.

• Inner Ring Road (neihuan)
• Middle Ring Road (zhonghuan)
• Outer Ring Road (waihuan)

Tianjin's roads often finish in dao (Chinese: 道; lit. 'avenue'), xian (simplified Chinese: 线; traditional Chinese: 線; lit. 'line'). These are most often used for highways and through routes. The terms lu (Chinese: 路; lit. 'road'). Jie (Chinese: 街; lit. 'street') are rare. As Tianjin's roads are rarely in a cardinal compass direction, jing (simplified Chinese: 经; traditional Chinese: 經; lit. 'avenue') roads and wei (simplified Chinese: 纬; traditional Chinese: 緯; lit. 'avenue') roads often appear, which attempt to run more directly north–south and east–west, respectively.

The following seven expressways of China run in or through Tianjin:

• Jingjintang Expressway, from Beijing, through Tianjin's urban area, to Tanggu District / TEDA
• Jinghu Expressway, from Jinjing Gonglu Bridge to Shanghai (together with Jingjintang Expressway, this is the expressway from Beijing to Shanghai)
• Jingshen Expressway, through Baodi District on its way from Beijing to Shenyang
• Tangjin Expressway, from Tanggu District, Tianjin, to Tangshan, Hebei—known in Tianjin as the Jintang Expressway
• Baojin Expressway, from Beichen District, Tianjin, to Baoding, Hebei—known in Tianjin as the Jinbao Expressway
• Jinbin Expressway, from Zhangguizhuang Bridge to Hujiayuan Bridge, both within Tianjin
• Jinji Expressway, from central Tianjin to Jixian County

The following six China National Highways pass through Tianjin:

• China National Highway 102, through Ji County, Tianjin on its way from Beijing to Harbin
• China National Highway 103, from Beijing, through Tianjin's urban area, to Tanggu District
• China National Highway 104, from Beijing, through Tianjin Municipality, to Fuzhou
• China National Highway 105, from Beijing, through Tianjin Municipality, to Macau
• China National Highway 112, circular highway around Beijing, passes through Tianjin Municipality
• China National Highway 205, from Shanhaiguan, Hebei, through Tianjin Municipality, to Guangzhou

Tianjin University and Nankai University Joint Research Building

Tianjin Normal University

Under the national Ministry of Education:

• Tianjin University (founded 1895, the first modern university in China)
• Nankai University (founded 1919, one of the most prestigious universities in China)

Under the municipal government:

• Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts
• Tianjin Agricultural College
• Tianjin Chengjian University
• Tianjin Conservatory of Music
• Tianjin Foreign Studies University
• Tianjin Institute of Physical Education
• Tianjin Medical University
• Tianjin Normal University
• Tianjin Polytechnic University
• Tianjin University of Commerce
• Tianjin University of Finance & Economics
• Tianjin University of Science & Technology
• Tianjin University of Technology
• Tianjin University of Technology and Education
• Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Tianjin Juilliard School in Binhai,Tianjin

Under the national Civil Aviation Authority of China:

• Civil Aviation University of China

Under the Hebei Provincial People's Government:

• Hebei University of Technology (founded 1903, the earliest institute of technology in China)

Foreign institutions:

• The Florida International University Tianjin Center, opened in 2006 as a cooperative venture between the municipal government and the Miami-based university.
• The Great Wall MBA Program Oklahoma City University Meinders School of Business, established in 1986 on the campus of Tianjin University of Finance & Economics.[75]
• Raffles Design Institute Tianjin is a joint-project between Tianjin University of Commerce, Boustead College and Raffles Design Institute, Singapore.

Private:

• Boustead College

Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.

Yaohua High School

Tianjin No.20 High School

• Tianjin Nankai High School (天津市南开中学)
• Tianjin No.1 High School (天津市第一中学)[76]
• Tianjin Yaohua Middle School (天津市耀华中学) was founded in 1927. It was previously named as Tianjin Gongxue by Mr. Lefeng Zhuang, and was renamed as Tianjin Yaohua Middle school in 1934.
• Tianjin Xinhua High School (天津市新华中学)[77]
• Tianjin Experimental High School (天津市实验中学)[78]
• Tianjin No.21 High School (天津第二十一中學): Tianjin No. 21 High School, formerly Fahan College (法漢學堂; 'French–Chinese (Han language) College'), was founded in 1895. The French ambassador to China and consul general in Tianjin called it the French academy, with the purpose of training Chinese in French talent; it was then renamed "工部局學校" in 1902 before moving to its current address in 1916, when it was then renamed Fahan College (法漢學堂); the French name is still "EcoleMunicipaleFrancaise". The school is located in the center of the political and cultural education in Heping district, adjacent to the largest Catholic church in northern China, thus the main building of the school has retained its church appearance The school covers an area of 10.1 mu (6.7 km²), while the building floor area is 10,300 square meters.
• Tianjin Tianjin High School (天津市天津中学)
• Tianjin Fuxing High School (天津市复兴中学)
• Tianjin Ruijing High School (天津市瑞景中学)
• The Foreign Languages School Affiliated to Tianjin Foreign Studies University (TFLS) (天津外国语学院附属外国语学校)[79]
• Tianjin No.20 High School (天津市第二十中学)
• Tianjin No.4 High School (天津市第四中学)[80]
• Tianjin Yangcun No.1 High School (天津市杨村第一中学)
• Tianjin Ji No.1 High School (天津市蓟县第一中学)
• Tianjin Dagang No.1 High School (天津市大港第一中学)
• Tianjin Second Nankai High School (天津市第二南开中学)[81]
• Tianjin Tanggu No.1 High School (天津市塘沽第一中学)
• Tianjin No.42 High School (天津市第四十二中学)
• Tianjin Baodi No.1 High School (天津市宝坻第一中学)
• Tianjin Dagang Oilfield Experimental High School (天津市大港油田实验中学)
• Tianjin No.47 High School (天津市第四十七中学)[82]
• Tianjin No.7 High School (天津市第七中学)[83]
• Tianjin Jinghai No.1 High School (天津市静海第一中学)
• Tianjin Haihe High School (天津市海河中学)
• Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area No. 1 High School (天津经济技术开发区第一中学)
• Tianjin No.55 High School (天津市第五十五中学)
• Tianjin High School Affiliated to Beijing Normal University (北京师范大学天津附属中学)
• Tianjin No.21 High School (天津市第二十一中学)
• Tianjin Xianshuigu No.1 High School (天津市咸水沽第一中学)
• The High School Affiliated to Nankai University (南开大学附属中学)
• Tianjin No.41 High School (天津市第四十一中学)
• Tianjin Lutai No.1 High School (天津市芦台第一中学)
• Tianjin No.2 High School (天津市第二中学)
• Tianjin No.3 High School (天津市第三中学)
• Tianjin Huiwen High School (天津市汇文中学)
• Tianjin Chonghua High School (天津市崇化中学)
• Tianjin No.100 High School (天津市第一〇〇中学)
• Tianjin Hangu No.1 High School (天津市汉沽第一中学)
• Tianjin Ziyun High School (天津市紫云中学)
• Tianjin No.102 High School (天津市第一〇二中学)
• Tianjin No.45 High School (天津市第四十五中学)
• Tianjin No.25 High School (天津市第二十五中学)
• The High School Affiliated to Tianjin University (天津大学附属中学)
• Tianjin No.5 High School (天津市第五中学)[84]
• Tianjin Yangliuqing No. 1 High School (天津市杨柳青第一中学)
• Tianjin No.14 High School (天津市第十四中学)
• Tianjin National High School (天津市民族中学)
• Tianjin No.54 High School (天津市第五十四中学)
• Tianjin No.43 High School (天津市第四十三中学)
• Tianjin Ironworks No.2 High School (天津铁厂第二中学)
• Tianjin No.9 High School (天津市第九中学)
• Tianjin No.57 High School (天津市第五十七中学)
• Tianjin No.51 High School (天津市第五十一中学)
• Tianjin Fulun High School (天津市扶轮中学)
• Tianjin Bohai Petroleum No.1 High School (天津市渤海石油第一中学)

• Tianjin No. 7 Middle School