Estadio Monumental (Buenos Aires)

The Club Atlético River Plate was founded in 1901 and by 1934, it had won two championships. At the time, the club was nicknamed "Los Millonarios" (The Millionaires in Spanish) because of the purchase of forward Carlos Peucelle for whom River had paid a huge amount of money. On October 31, 1934, River Plate purchased the land where the club was to build the new stadium in the neighborhood of Belgrano.[4]

The stadium under construction, 1937

El Monumental was built on land reclaimed from the marshy coast of Río de la Plata. On May 25, 1935, the cornerstone was laid on the Centennial (now Figueroa Alcorta) and Río de la Plata (Udaondo) Avenues. On December 1 of that year, the Steering Committee presented the approved project in detail to its members at an assembly. They obtained a loan of $2,500,000 from the government and on September 27, 1936, construction began under the direction of architects José Aslan and Héctor Ezcurra.

The initial cost of work reached the figure of $4,479,545.80, but was reduced to about 3 million dollars when the committee decided to halt the construction of the north end of the stadium due to a lack of adequate funds.[4]

Entrance to the stadium on the day of its inauguration

The foundation of the stadium was to be six or eight feet deep. This required open pit excavation to ensure the stability of the ground, and pumping bilge water from the site. The construction of the three stands was completed in two years. There are 50 km of steps, with 26,000 square meters of reinforced concrete and almost 3,000 tons of steel.

The stadium was inaugurated on Wednesday 26 May, amidst a crowd of approximately 70,000 people. They witnessed the handing over of an Argentine flag, one from the club, paid for by a group of associates, and then sang the national anthem and the River Plate chant.

The next day, nearly 68,000 spectators were present. After various activities the evening ended with a match between River Plate and Uruguay team Peñarol, with a 3–1 victory for the home squad. In the 2016-17 league season, River Plate drew an average home attendance of 37,000, the second-highest in the league.

When the Monumental project was originally designed, it consisted of four double decker stands. As the bank loan was not enough to carry out the entire project, the stadium was left with a horseshoe shape. The horseshoe was partially enclosed in 1958, under the club presidency of Enrique Pardo. The new construction, the first tier Colonia stand, was financed by proceeds from the mn$10 million transfer of Omar Sivori to Juventus of Italy. With the new construction the stadium's capacity reached 90,000.

View of the stadium before the remodeling for the FIFA World Cup 1978. Only one tier of the Sivori stand had been built by then

The stadium was remodelled and finally completed to meet the original project after Argentina was awarded the right to host the 1978 World Cup. River Plate was lent money by the Military Government in charge of the country at the time but they struggled to meet repayments due to the changes of currency, which had a detrimental effect on the team. Monumental was the headquarters for the 1978 World Cup. The venue was opened on June 1 for the match between West Germany and Poland. They hosted seven more games, including the final between Argentina and the Netherlands.

San Lorenzo earned the record for highest number of people attending a match for a visiting team in 1982. In their second division match against Tigre, San Lorenzo (which did not have a stadium at the time), brought more than 70,000 people to River's stadium. In 1975 when River played Racing for the title (after an 18 years drought) 100,000 were present. At the end of the 1986 and 1996 Copa Libertadores second-leg finals (both against América de Cali), more seats were added and approximately 86,000 spectators were in attendance. It is estimated that for the Argentina versus Uruguay 1987 Copa América semifinal more than 87,000 spectators attended. In 1993, in a qualification match for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, Argentina lost 5–0 to Colombia, its greatest ever defeat at home. Since then, however, Argentina had never lost a match in World Cup qualifying within this stadium until Ecuador won 2–0 on October 8, 2015.

The total length of the seating in the stands of the stadium is over 70 kilometers.

Panoramic view from inside the stadium. River Plate played Independiente in the Apertura 2004, Round 16. River Plate won 3–0

The Monumental, aside from being River Plate's home ground, also accommodates the Argentina national football team in their home games for events such as the FIFA World Cup qualification.

The Monumental also hosted the closing ceremonies and the athletics events of the First Pan American Games in 1951. The stadium host the first Super Special Stage of the 2007 Rally Argentina of WRC.

Rugby union matches featuring the Argentina national rugby union team, Los Pumas, also take place occasionally on this field, although the Pumas more frequently play at other stadiums.

1978 FIFA World Cup

The stadium served as venue for the following matches during the World Cup:

View of the stadium during the opening of the 1978 FIFA World Cup

Date	R	G	Team 1	Vs.	Team 2
June 1	1	2	West Germany	0–0	Poland
June 2		1	Argentina	2–1	Hungary
June 6				2–1	France
June 10			Italy	1–0	Argentina
June 14	2	A	West Germany	0–0	Italy
June 18			Italy	1–0	Austria
June 21			Netherlands	2–1	Italy
June 24	Third place game		Brazil	2–1	Italy
June 25	Final		Argentina	3–1	Netherlands

International friendly matches

Date	Local	R	Visit
14 May 1953	Argentina	3–1	England
5 July 1953		1–0	Spain
24 June 1956		1–0	Italy
24 July 1960		2–0	Spain
18 November 1961		1–2	Soviet Union
28 March 1962		1–0	Mexico
1 December 1965		1–1	Soviet Union
28 November 1976		0–0	Soviet Union
25 April 1979		2–1	Bulgaria
9 October 1980		2–0	Bulgaria
12 October 1980		2–1	Poland
28 October 1981		1–2	Poland
11 November 1981		1–1	Czechoslovakia
24 March 1982		1–1	Germany
14 April 1982		1–1	Soviet Union
2 August 1984		0–0	Uruguay
9 May 1985		1–1	Paraguay
14 May 1985		2–0	Chile
20 June 1987		0–1	Paraguay
18 June 1992		1–0	Australia
27 December 1994		1–0	Yugoslavia
8 November 1995		0–1	Brazil
25 May 1998		2–0	South Africa
4 September 1999		2–0	Brazil
24 May 2010		5–0	Canada
7 September 2010		4–1	Spain
20 June 2011		4–0	Albania
4 June 2014		3–0	Trinidad and Tobago

Rugby union test matches

12 November 2000

Argentina	33–37	South Africa

Attendance:65,000 Referee: (Scott Young )

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1 December 2001

Argentina	20–24	New Zealand

Attendance: 50,000 Referee: (Scott Young )

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2 November 2002

Argentina	6–17	Australia

Attendance: 65,000 Referee: (Kevin Deaker )

When an international performing artist or band visits Buenos Aires, the concerts are usually held in this stadium, as it is the biggest in the city and in all of Argentina.

Sting performing at River Plate, 11 December 1987

In December 1987, former leader of The Police, Sting, performed at River Plate making his debut in Argentina as soloist. He was the first artist to perform with sold out tickets at that venue.[5]

The stadium played host to Amnesty International's final Human Rights Now! Benefit Concert on 15 October 1988. The show was headlined by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, and also featured Sting, Peter Gabriel, Tracy Chapman, Youssou N'Dour, León Gieco and Charly García the concert was attended by 75,000 people.

David Bowie's Sound+Vision Tour was held on 29 September 1990. He sold more than 81,900 tickets from only one show.[6]

On 5 October 1990, Eric Clapton played a concert during his Journeyman World Tour in front of a sold-out crowd of 70,000 people.[7]

INXS performed at the stadium on 22 January 1991 during The X Factor World Tour.

Prince performed at the stadium in January 1991 as part of a Rock & Pop Festival. The festival included singers Robert Plant, Joe Cocker and Billy Idol, among others.

Elton John performed at the stadium on 21 and 22 November 1992 during The One Tour. It was his first performance in Argentina.

Paul Simon performed at the stadium in December 1992 on Derby Festival. The festival included the following bands The Cult, John Kay, Inspiral Carpets, among others.

Axl Rose during one of the two concerts performed by Guns N' Roses at River Plate, December 1992

Guns N' Roses first performed at the stadium with two concerts on 5–6 December 1992, as part of their Use Your Illusion Tour. Over half a year later on 16–17 July 1993, the band played two additional concerts as the final shows of the same tour, marking their last performances with most of their original lineup for over two decades. Twenty-three years later, the group reunited with classic members Slash and Duff McKagan, playing two shows on 4–5 November 2016, as part of the Not in This Lifetime... Tour.

In 1993, the American superstar Michael Jackson performed three sold-out concerts as part of his Dangerous World Tour at the stadium, on 8, 10 and 12 October, for a total audience of 225,000 fans (75,000 people per show). The last concert was recorded for a documentary however, it was later cancelled by Michael Jackson due to him being unsatisfied with the performance. However, this concert leaked online. (Live in Buenos Aires: The Dangerous Tour)

Paul McCartney played three concerts at the stadium in December 1993 during The New World Tour, for the first time in the country. Seventeen years later he returned to Argentina to play two concerts to a crowd of 82,000, as part of his Up and Coming Tour in November, 2010.

Phil Collins performed at the stadium on 23 and 24 April 1995 during the Both Sides of the World Tour.

The Rolling Stones at River Plate, February 1995: (left): the concert stage on the pitch; (right): Mick Jagger and Keith Richard during one of the concerts

The Rolling Stones performed five sold-out concerts at the stadium during the Voodoo Lounge Tour in 1995. The British band performed five times once again in 1998 for the Bridges to Babylon Tour, and two more times in 2006 during the A Bigger Bang tour. These last concerts were released as part of the four-disc concert DVD The Biggest Bang in 2007.

Seminal punk rock band The Ramones played their final South American show on 16 March 1996.

Also Luis miguel sold out two consecutive concerts in 1996 for over 120,000 thousand people for the two nights in November 1996, Luis miguel is the only Latin artist that have broken records of assistance in Argentina.

Backstreet Boys performed at the stadium on 28 April 2001 during Black & Blue Tour.

On 6 October 2001 Eric Clapton performed at the stadium during his Reptile World Tour, selling a total of 35,000 tickets.[8]

Red Hot Chili Peppers played a concert at the stadium on 16 October 2002 during their By The Way Tour. Later they played another concert on 18 September 2011 during the I'm with You World Tour. In 1998 Irish rock band U2 brought their PopMart Tour to South America and performed Mothers of the Disappeared with the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, the mothers of the children who had disappeared under the Argentinian and Chilean dictatorships, brought on stage. The band returned again for their Vertigo Tour in 2006 to film what would become U23D, the first live-action, 3D digital film.

Madonna performed two sold-out concerts in October 1993 during The Girlie Show[9] and another four in December 2008, during her Sticky & Sweet Tour; two of these concerts were filmed and later released on a CD/DVD titled Sticky & Sweet Tour. She holds the record for fastest sell-out of a concert at the stadium for her first show, with more than 263,000 tickets sold in three hours. She also performed at the stadium on 13 and 15 December 2012 as part of The MDNA Tour.

In 2003, the international pop singer Shakira played a sold-out concert during her Tour of the Mongoose, being the first and only female Latin artist to sell out River Plate Stadium. Robbie Williams performed at the stadium on 14 and 15 October during his 2006 Close Encounters Tour. On 15–16 May 2007, High School Musical performed their hits from High School Musical The Tour, entitled High School Musical The Concert

The Police in 2007, during their Reunion Tour

Aerosmith performed at the stadium in 2007 on Quilmes Rock show. The attendance was over 70,000 Spectators. The festival included the following bands Keane, Evanescence, Velvet Revolver, Bad Religion, The Psychedelic Furs. The Police performed at Estadio Monumental on 1 and 2 December 2007 during their Reunion Tour. In 2008, the band released the live CD/DVD Certifiable that was recorded during this concerts.

In 2009 the British band Oasis presented one of the biggest concerts in their history. Noel Gallagher and the Argentine public shared an emotional moment, playing "Don't Look Back in Anger".

AC/DC in 2009, during their Black Ice World Tour

AC/DC performed three sold-out shows in December 2009, during their Black Ice World Tour. These shows were filmed and released on the DVD and Blu-ray Live at River Plate, in May 2011. In November 2012, they released a live album of the second of the three shows, which happened on 4 December.

Legendary New Jersey rockers Bon Jovi have played the stadium numerous times, most recently in 2010 as part of The Circle Tour.

The band Coldplay performed at the stadium on 26 February 2010 during Viva la Vida Tour. They are due to return in 2022 to play a record-breaking ten shows as part of their Music of the Spheres World Tour, the most of any musical act at the stadium.

In May 2011, the Teen Queen, Miley Cyrus brought her Gypsy Heart Tour which sold out in a week, filling the stadium with 65,000 people, becoming the third female artist to fill the stadium after Shakira and Madonna.

Roger Waters performed nine concerts at the stadium in March 2012, during which he and his band performed The Wall in its entirety on their 2010-2012 The Wall Live tour.[10] Kiss played on 3 September 1994; 14 March 1997; 10 April 1999; 5 April 2009 and 7 November 2012. The 2009 concert was recorded and eventually released as a live six song DVD included on the Sonic Boom three disc package.[11] Lady Gaga performed a sold-out show here for her tour The Born This Way Ball on 16 November 2012.

The Monsters of Rock festival was held in the stadium in 1994 and 1999 with Kiss, Black Sabbath, Slayer, Metallica, and Sepultura. Metallica again performed at the stadium in 2010 in the World Magnetic Tour.

Iron Maiden performed at the venue on 27 September 2013 as part of the Maiden England World Tour. The British metallers performed for over 60,000 people in a 145-minute show.[12]

Soda Stereo performed the final concert on 20 September 1997 during the farewell tour. This concert was recorded and released in two parts, El Último Concierto A and B and DVD. Later they performed a series of six sold-out historic concerts at the stadium in 2007 during the tour Me Verás Volver, holding the record of the South American and Spanish bands, with the most sold-out concerts at the same stadium. One of the concerts was recorded and became the CD/DVD Gira Me Verás Volver

Ciudad Universitaria station next to the stadium

The stadium can house 74,624 people, after its renovation for the 1978 World Cup. The opening and final matches were both held in the Monumental, which had a capacity of 76,600 at the time because all of the popular stands were standing-only.

Microestadio, indoor arena that hosts River Plate's basketball and volleyball matches.

The stadium complex also has facilities for tennis, basketball, and other sports, as well as living quarters for young footballers, a theatre hall, a parking lot, museum etc. It can be accessed by several train and bus lines as it is located within walking distance from the Barrancas de Belgrano transportation hub. Contrary to most other stadiums in the Buenos Aires area, there is a sizable car park outside the stadium.

• Club Atlético River Plate
• Antonio Vespucio Liberti
• List of association football stadiums by capacity

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti.

• Official website
• Stadium picture
• In depth history of 'El Monumental'
• History of the stadium 'El Monumental' (written by fans)