Wolfgang Clement

Clement was a member of the State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1 October 1993 to 6 November 2002.[2] Between 1994 and 2001, he was also was on the SPD State Executive in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW),[9] and was the deputy leader of the executive from 1996.[9] He became a member of the SPD federal executive board in 1995,[9] and served until his exit from the party in 2008.[5]

Clement was elected as Johannes Rau's successor as the Minister president of North Rhine-Westphalia on 27 May 1998.[10] With state debts in excess of 130,000 million marks (DEM), he announced drastic cuts and austerity measures including reduction in the size of his own cabinet.[11]

In one of his first moves on 17 June 1998, he announced the merger of the Justice and Interior ministries into one entity.[12] There were doubts if this decision was compatible with the German Constitution, as it was seen by some as a violation of the division of powers.[13] On 9 February 1999, the Constitutional Court of North Rhine-Westphalia ruled that the amalgamation violated the rights of the state parliament.[14] In addition with pressure from coalition partner Bündnis '90/Die Grünen (the Green party), the merger was canceled. He took on the responsibilities of justice minister for a brief period between 10 to 22 March 1999, before handing the position over to Jochen Dieckmann, who served as the Justice Minister for NRW through the end of the legislature term on 27 June 2000. During this period, Clement also served as the deputy chairman of the SPD from December 1999. In the 2000 state elections under his leadership, the SPD received 42.8% of the votes, a drop of 3.2% from the previous election.[15] However, the party was able to form a coalition government with the Green Party.[16] In this coalition, there were debates between Clement and the Green Party's Bärbel Höhn, who opposed the continuation of coal mining subsidies and the support for large industrial projects like the Garzweiler surface mine, that were supported by Clement.[17]

After Clement started his term of office as state premier of North Rhine-Westphalia on 27 May 1998, four ministers resigned or left their position early —Minister for the Economy Bodo Hombach (moved to Bonn as Minister of the Chancellery),[18] Justice Minister Reinhard Rauball (resigned after a week in position),[19] Minister for European and Federal Affairs Detlev Samland (resigned due to tax misdemeanor),[20] and Finance Minister Heinz Schleußer (Flugaffäre flights misuse).[21] This was also the time when Clement proclaimed that the media industry in NRW would be the "engine of structural change" in the state. The move however, saw limited success. An animation studio in Oberhausen received €50 million in funding as part of this program, but generated limited employment in the end.[22]

In Clement's time in office as the state premier of NRW, four parliamentary investigative committees, or Parlamentarische Untersuchungsausschüsse (PUAs), were set up:[23] Review of state enterprises,[24] High Definition Oberhausen (HDO – PUA II),[25] High Definition Oberhausen (HDO – PUA III),[25] and Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale.[26]

Wolfgang Clement with the then Indian Union Finance Minister, P. Chidambaram during a ministerial state visit to New Delhi, India. (April 2005)

After the 2002 federal elections, Clement was part of the Social Democrats’ team in negotiations with the Green Party on a new coalition agreement for a government under the leadership of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. He gave up his office of Minister-President of NRW on 21 October 2002 and was appointed Federal Minister of Economics and Labour in the new government led by Schröder.[27] In this role, he was taking over the newly created so-called “super ministry” that had been formed by the amalgamation of the Economic and Labour ministries.[28][4]

The prevailing social democratic thinking in Europe was re-shaped by the Schröder-Blair paper of 1999, a joint working paper between German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and British Prime Minister Tony Blair, which introduced the "third way" or "Neue Mitte" in that a social democratic future required a comprehensive economization of society with the state withdrawing from the markets and other welfare measures.[29] This represented an abrupt U-turn with respect to the exiting programs of the SPD. In continuation of this thinking, Schröder and Clement, came up with the Agenda 2010 series of reforms where the economy was given more freedom, and labor market reforms starting with the Hartz I through IV programs were introduced.[30][31] Agenda 2010 was announced as the single largest reform efforts in post-war Germany, and included a set of actions that sought to rethink how the government organized education, social security, and employment.[32] The market reforms relaxed labor market restrictions and reduced social benefits in a bid to boost employment.[31][33] The reforms emerged to be a divisive topic in Germany with a section of the business community stating that these reforms laid the foundation for the sustainable and employment intensive recovery that took off in 2005.[31] The labor and welfare reforms have been credited with reducing unemployment and contributing to Germany's growth years.[28] However, the reforms led to a rift between the left and centrist sections of the SPD, driven by oppositions from the trade unions and social organizations, ultimately resulting in the split Germany's center-left, and led to the creation of the far-left party Die Linke and significantly weakened the SPD.[31][34][35]

Following the 2005 elections, Angela Merkel was elected Chancellor on 22 November 2005,[36] and Clement was replaced by Michael Glos.[37]

On 31 July 2008, Clement was expelled from the SPD[38] by the Landesschiedskommission (i.e. State arbitration board) of NRW after making a statement in which he advised against voting for the SPD. Clement went to the superior Bundesschiedskommission (Federal arbitration board) which subsequently cancelled the verdict on 24 November 2008. On 25 November, Clement announced his decision to leave the party.[5] He went on to support the Free Democratic Party led by Christian Lindner, but did not join the party.[39]

• Deutsche Wohnen AG, Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2011)[45]
• Peter Dussmann Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2011)[46]
• Energy Consulting Group, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2009)[47]
• Daldrup & Söhne AG, Chairman of the Supervisory Board (since 2008)[48]
• Citigroup, Member of the German Advisory Board (since 2006)[49]
• M. DuMont Schauberg, Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2006)[50]
• Wolters Kluwer Deutschland, Chairman of the Advisory Board (since 2006)[49]
• Dussmann Verwaltungs AG, Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2005)[51]
• RiverRock, Member of the Advisory Board (since 2009)[52]
• RSBK Strategie Beratung Kommunikation AG, Member of the Advisory Board[53]
• Shepard Fox Communications, Chairman of the Advisory Board[54]
• DIS AG, Member of the Supervisory Board (until 2016)[55]

• Ostinstitut Wismar, Chairman of the Board[56]
• Bonner Akademie für Forschung und Lehre praktischer Politik (BAPP), Member of the Board of Trustees[57]
• German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Member of the Advisory Council[58]
• Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne, Member of the Advisory Board[59]
• Institute for Energy, Economics and Energy Law at the University of Bochum, Board of Trustees[60]
• Hertie School of Governance, Member of the Board of Trustees[61]
• Friends of the Berlin State Opera, Member of the Board of Trustees[62]
• Free Democratic Party (FDP), Member of the Business Forum[63]