570s

The 570s decade ran from January 1, 570, to December 31, 579.

Millennium: 1st millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments

Events

570

By place
Europe
  • Battle of Gwen Ystrad: A British alliance is forged between the kingdoms of Strathclyde, Bryneich and Elmet (approximate date).
  • Spoleto becomes the capital of an independent duchy, under the Lombard chieftain Faroald (approximate date).
  • Leutfred becomes duke of Alemannia (modern Germany).
Persia
Arabia
  • Muhammad, Islamic prophet, is born in Mecca (today's Saudi Arabia). His father Abdullah ibn Abd al Muttalib dies a few months before his birth, so he and his mother Aminah bint Wahb are protected by Muhammad's paternal grandfather, Abdul Muttalib who is recognized as the leading figure in his tribe the Quraysh.[2]
  • Abraha, Christian ruler of coastal Yemen, who was acting as a general for the Christian kingdom in Abyssinia, begins a military expedition in Arabia against the predominantly pagan Quraysh of Mecca,[3] known as the Year of the Elephant.

By topic
Religion

571

By place
Europe
Britain
  • Battle of Bedcanford: The Anglo-Saxons under King Cuthwulf fight against the Britons, and conquer the settlements of Aylesbury, Benson, Eynsham and Limbury (according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle).
  • Wuffa becomes the first king of East Anglia, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies (approximate date).

By topic
Religion

572

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • Byzantine–Sassanid War of 572–591: Emperor Justin II refuses to pay the annual tribute to Khosrau I, putting an end to the 50-year peace treaty established ten years earlier. The Armenians are considered allies to the Byzantine Empire, and Justin sends a Byzantine army into Persian territory, besieging the fortress city of Nisibis (modern Turkey).[4]
Europe
  • Siege of Pavia (569–572): King Alboin captures Ticinum (Pavia); after a siege the Byzantine garrison surrenders to the Lombards. The city is of strategic importance, lying at the rivers Po and Ticino, and becomes the capital of the Kingdom of the Lombards.
  • June 28 – Alboin, king of the Lombards, is murdered at Verona in his palace, at the instigation of his wife Rosamund (daughter of the Gepid king Cunimund), and her henchman, Helmechis (the king's squire); both flee to seek Byzantine protection in Ravenna. Alboin is succeeded as king by Cleph, who is not related by blood.
Britain
Asia
Mesoamerica
  • Calakmul defeats Tikal, bringing an end to the First Tikal-Calakmul War.

573

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • Byzantine–Sassanid War: Persian forces under the command of King Khosrau I capture the Byzantine stronghold of Dara, after a six-month siege. Meanwhile, a smaller Persian army under Adarmahan advances from Babylon through the desert, crosses the Euphrates River and ravages Syria. The cities of Apamea and Antiochia are plundered.[5]
Europe
  • King Sigibert I goes to war against his half brother Chilperic I of Neustria at the urging of his wife, Brunhilda. He appeals to the Germans on the right bank of the Rhine for help, and they obligingly attack the environs of Paris and Chartres.
  • The Lombards again raid Southern Gaul, but are defeated by the Franks under Mummolus, patricius and son of the Gallo-Roman count of Auxerre, and are driven out.
  • King Cleph completes the Lombard conquest of Tuscany (Central Italy) and extends his dominion to the gates of Ravenna.
  • Sigibert I appoints Gregory to succeed his mother's cousin, Eufronius, as bishop of Tours (approximate date).
Britain
  • The Battle of Arfderydd is fought between Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio and the sons of Eliffer, Gwrgi and Peredur. The forces of Gwenddoleu are killed, and Myrddin Wyllt goes mad watching this defeat (according to the Annales Cambriae).

By topic
Religion

574

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • December 7 – Emperor Justin II retires due to recurring seizures of insanity; he abdicates the throne in favour of his general Tiberius. Justin proclaims him Caesar and adopts him as his own son.[6]
  • Winter – Empress Sophia and Tiberius agree to a one year truce with the Persians, at the cost of 45,000 solidi. The truce applies only to the Mesopotamian front; in the Caucasus, war continues.[7]
Europe
  • King Cleph is murdered after an 18-month reign by a guard, a slave who he has mistreated. For the next decade, the Lombard Kingdom is governed by independent duchies (Rule of the Dukes).[8]
  • The Visigoths under King Liuvigild invade Cantabria (Northern Spain), and destroy the city of Amaya (Burgos). He massacres the inhabitants and adds the province to the Visigothic Kingdom.
  • Áedán mac Gabráin becomes king of Dál Riata (Scotland) (approximate Date).
Asia
Unidentified
  • A major volcanic eruption occurs in the Antarctic.[10]

By topic
Religion

575

By place
Europe
  • The Franks under Sigibert I pursue his half brother Chilperic I, and conquer the cities Poitiers and Tournai. While he is proclaimed new king of Neustria by the nobles, Sigibert is assassinated at Vitry-en-Artois (Northern Gaul) by hirelings of Fredegund.
  • Childebert II succeeds his father Sigibert I as king of Austrasia. His mother Brunhilda becomes regent and seeks protection from Guntram, king of Burgundy. He adopts Childebert as his own son and heir. A group of Frankish aristocrats rule Austrasia.
  • The Visigoths under King Liuvigild invade the Suebian Kingdom (Northern Spain). Intermarriage between Goths and non-Goths is allowed in the Visigothic Kingdom (approximate date).
Britain
  • The Convention of Druim Cett: Irish kings discuss the relationship between them and King Áedán mac Gabráin of Dál Riata. The Irish colony (now western Scotland) is confirmed, and rights to tax and levy are agreed to between the rulers.
  • The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of East Anglia is divided into the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, and perhaps the eastern part of the Cambridgeshire Fens[11] (approximate date).
Asia Minor
Asia
  • Tardu succeeds his father Istämi, as governor (yabgu) of the Western Turkic Khaganate (Central Asia).

By topic
Religion

576

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • Byzantine–Sassanid War: A Persian army under King Khosrau I breaks through the Caucasus into Anatolia (modern Turkey). They attack the cities of Theodosiopolis and Caesarea, but are thwarted. Khosrau is forced to retreat and sacks Sebasteia. On the way home, he is intercepted by a Byzantine force under Justinian (magister militum of the East), and severely defeated near Melitene. The royal baggage is captured, and many Persians drown, while escaping across the Euphrates.[12]
Europe
  • Baduarius, son-in-law of the Byzantine emperor Justin II, is sent to Italy to resist the Lombard conquest. He leads an aborted counter-assault against the Lombards and dies soon after.[13]
  • The Visigoths under King Liuvigild establish the capital of their kingdom in Toledo, located in central Spain (approximate date).
Asia

577

By place
Byzantine Empire
Europe
Asia
  • Winter – Northern Qi, one of the Northern Dynasties, is conquered by Northern Zhou under Emperor Wu Di. He orders the last ruler (Gao Wei) and other members of the Gao clan to commit suicide. Northern China, above the Yangtze River, is once again brought under the control of a single power.[16]

By topic
Religion
Science and Invention
  • A predecessor of the modern match, small sticks of pinewood impregnated with sulfur, are first used in China. Besieged by military forces of Northern Zhou and Chen, Northern Qi court ladies use the "lighting sticks" to start fires for cooking and heating.[18]

578

By place
Byzantine Empire
  • Byzantine–Sassanid War: A Byzantine army under command of Maurice (magister militum per Orientem) invades Upper Mesopotamia, and raids on both sides of the Tigris. He deports 70,000 captives from Hyrcania to Cyprus, and installs military colonists to guard the strategic locations.[19]
  • October 5 – Emperor Justin II dies after several periods of insanity. On the advice of his wife Sophia, he has raised his general Tiberius to the rank of co-emperor (Caesar). From December 574 he has ruled jointly with Sophia, and now succeeds them as emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
Asia
  • Summer – Emperor Wu Di engages in military campaigns on two fronts: against the invading Göktürks to the north and against the Chen Dynasty in the south.
  • Wu Di, age 35, dies from an illness, and is succeeded by his eldest son Xuan Di as emperor of Northern Zhou.
  • Kongō Gumi, the world's oldest construction company (578–2006), is founded in Osaka (Japan).

579

By place
Byzantine Empire
Central America
Europe
Britain
  • Frithuwald succeeds his brother Theodoric as king of Bernicia (Scotland). He rules from 579–585 (approximate date).
Persia
  • Khosrau I dies after a 48-year reign, during which he has extended his realm from the River Oxus to the Red Sea. He is succeeded by his son Hormizd IV, who becomes king of the Persian Empire.
  • Summer – Hormizd IV refuses to give up territories, and breaks off negotiations with the Byzantine Empire.[20] The Türks invade Khorasan and reach Hyrcania on the Caspian Sea.
Asia
  • Emperor Xuan Di abdicates the throne to his son Jing Di, age 6, and rules as regent the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
  • Jinpyeong becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Silla.[21]

By topic
Religion
  • July 30 – Pope Benedict I dies after a 4-year reign, and is succeeded by Pelagius II as the 63rd pope. During the Lombard siege of Rome, he labors to solve the problems of famine.
  • Pelagius II sends Gregory as his apocrisiarius (ambassador to the imperial court in Constantinople).[22] He is part of a Roman delegation to ask for military aid against the Lombards.
  • Leander, Catholic bishop of Seville, is exiled by Liuvigild and withdraws to Constantinople. At the Byzantine court he composes works against Arianism (approximate date).

Significant people

Births

570

  • Ammar ibn Yasir, companion of Muhammad and Ali ibn Abi Talib (d. 657)
  • Chen Yuan, crown prince of the Chen Dynasty (approximate date)
  • Childebert II, king of Austrasia (d. 595)
  • Gao Heng, emperor of Northern Qi (d. 577)
  • Imerius of Immertal, Swiss monk (approximate date)
  • Li Dashi, Chinese official and historian (d. 628)
  • Muhammad, founder of Islam (d. 632) (approximate date)
  • Namri Songtsen, king of Tibet (approximate date)
  • Pei Ji, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 629)
  • Pybba, king of Mercia (approximate date)
  • Rigunth, daughter of Chilperic I (d. 585)
  • Theodelinda, queen of the Lombards (d. 628)

571

572

  • Chen Shuda, Chinese statesman

573

  • Abu Bakr, Muslim Caliph (approximate date)
  • Chen Yin, crown prince of the Chen Dynasty
  • Dou Jiande, general of the Sui Dynasty (d. 621)
  • Jing Di, emperor of Northern Zhou (d. 581)
  • Lupus of Sens, French bishop (approximate date)

574

575

576

577

579

  • Fang Xuanling, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 648)

Deaths

570

  • January 15 – Íte of Killeedy, Irish nun
  • Abdullah ibn Abd al Muttalib, father of Muhammad (b. 545)
  • Abraha, an Aksumite army general, Islamic tradition places his death immediately after his expedition to the Hejaz
  • Antonina, wife of Belisarius (approximate date)
  • Armel, Breton prince and bishop (approximate date)
  • Fei Di, emperor of the Chen Dynasty
  • Gildas, British cleric (approximate date)
  • John Philoponus, Aristotelian commentator (b. 490)
  • Soga no Iname, leader of the Soga clan
  • Zhang Yao'er, empress dowager of the Chen Dynasty (b. 506)

571

  • April 15 – Kinmei, emperor of Japan (b. 509)
  • November 29? – Brendan of Birr, Irish monastic saint
  • Fall – killed in dynastic intrigue
    • Gao Yan, prince of Northern Qi (b. 558)
    • He Shikai, high official of Northern Qi (b. 524)
  • Liuva I, king of the Visigoths (or 572)
  • May 20 – Saint Yared, Axumite composer (b. 505)

572

  • June 28 – Alboin, king of the Lombards
  • Æthelric of Bernicia, Scottish king
  • Báetán mac Muirchertaig, High King of Ireland
  • Corippus, Byzantine epic poet (approximate date)
  • Eochaid mac Domnaill, High King of Ireland
  • Hulü Guang, general of Northern Qi (b. 515)
  • Liuva I, king of the Visigoths (or 571)
  • Muqan Qaghan, ruler of the Göktürks
  • Waldrada, Lombard princess (b. 531)
  • Wei Shou, Chinese author (b. 506)
  • Yuwen Hu, regent of Northern Zhou (b. 515)
  • Sky Witness, ruler of Calakmul

573

  • June 11 – Emilian of Cogolla, Iberic saint (b. 472)
  • Brendan of Birr, Irish abbot (approximate date)
  • Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio, Brythonic king
  • Narses, Byzantine general (b. 478)
  • Wang Lin, Chinese general (b. 526)

574

575

  • August 2 – Ahudemmeh, Syriac Orthodox Grand Metropolitan of the East.[25]
  • Áed mac Echach, king of Connacht (Ireland)
  • Cerbonius, bishop of Populonia (Central Italy)
  • Istämi, ruler (yabgu) of the Western Turkic Khaganate
  • Sigebert I, king of Austrasia (approximate date)

576

  • May 28 – Saint Germain, bishop of Paris
  • Baduarius, Byzantine aristocrat (approximate date)

577

578

  • July 30 – Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa
  • October 5 – Justin II, Byzantine emperor
  • Abdul Muttalib, grandfather of Islamic prophet Muhammad
  • Wu Di, emperor of Northern Zhou (b. 543)
  • Wu Mingche, general of the Chen Dynasty (b. 512)
  • Wuffa, king of East Anglia (approximate date)
  • Yuwen Xian, prince of Northern Zhou (b. 544)
  • Approximate date -
    • Bhavyaviveka, Indian Madhyamaka scholar
    • Hatim al-Tai, Arabian poet
    • John Malalas, Byzantine chronicler (b. c.491)[26]

579

References
  1. Geography at about.com
  2. David Nicolle, Essential Histories: "The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750". The birth of Islam and the unifying of Arabia (2009), page 19.
  3. Walter W Müller, "Outline of the History of Ancient Southern Arabia"in Werner Daum (education) Yemen: "3000 Years of Art and Civilization in Arabia Felix" (1987)
  4. Frye, Richard N. (1983). The History of Ancient Iran.
  5. Greatrex & Lieu 2002, pp. 146–149, 150
  6. Tiberius II Constantine.
  7. Greatrex & Lieu 2002, p. 136.
  8. Lombard (2008).
  9. Esposito (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, ISBN 0-19-512558-4.
  10. Connor, Steve (2014-07-07). "Our explosive past is written in the Antarctic ice". i. London. p. 17.
  11. Beck, Frederick George Meeson (1911). "East Anglia" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 827.
  12. Rome at War AD 293–696 (p. 60). Michael Whitby, 2002. ISBN 1-84176-359-4
  13. Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992, p. 164
  14. "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  15. GRIG, LUCY (2013-03-19). "Cities in the 'long' Late Antiquity, 2000–2012 – a survey essay". Urban History. 40 (3): 554–566. doi:10.1017/s0963926813000369. ISSN 0963-9268.
  16. Imperial Chinese Armies (p. 23). C.J. Peers, 1995. ISBN 978-1-85532-514-2
  17.  Sinclair, W. M. (1911). "Eutychius" . In Wace, Henry; Piercy, William C. (eds.). Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century (3rd ed.). London: John Murray.
  18. Temple, Robert (1986). The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc. p. 98. ISBN 0-671-62028-2.
  19. Romano-Byzantine Armies 4th—9th Centuries (p. 9). David Nicolle, 1992. ISBN 978-1-85532-224-0
  20. Greatrex & Lieu 2002, pp. 160–162
  21. "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  22. Ekonomou, 2007, p. 8
  23. Meri, Josef W. (2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 525. ISBN 9781135456030.
  24. Connolly, S. J., ed. (February 24, 2011). The Oxford companion to Irish history (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780199691869.
  25. Brock, Sebastian P. (2011). "Aḥudemmeh of Balad". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Beth Mardutho. p. 13. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  26. "John Malalas | Byzantine chronicler". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 4 April 2019.

Bibliography
  • Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002). The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD). London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-14687-9.
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