List of political ideologies

In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. autocracy or democracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology that supports that economic system. The same term may also refer to multiple ideologies, which is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. For example, while the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism–Leninism.[1]

Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".[2] While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism as it is commonly defined) and from single issues around which a party may be built (e.g. civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. Several studies show that political ideology is heritable within families.[3][4][5][6][7]

The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into several groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to the names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically, and ideologically related to each other. As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.

Anarchism

Anarchy symbol
Political internationals
  • Anarkismo (platformism and specifism)
  • International of Anarchist Federations (synthesis anarchism)
  • International Confederation of Labor (anarcho-syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism)
  • International Union of Anarchists (anarcho-communism)
  • International Workers' Association (anarcho-syndicalism)

Classical

Post-classical

Contemporary

  • Anarcho-transhumanism
  • Black anarchism
  • Free-market anarchism
  • Post-anarchism
  • Post-colonial anarchism
  • Post-left anarchism
  • Queer anarchism

Opposition

Religious variants

  • Buddhist anarchism
  • Christian anarchism
    • Catholic Worker Movement
    • Diggers
    • Tolstoyan movement
  • Hindu anarchism
  • Islamic anarchism
  • Jewish anarchism
    • Orthodox Jewish anarchism

African

  • Algeria
  • Egypt
  • Morocco
  • Nigeria
  • South Africa
  • Tunisia

American

  • Latin America
    • Argentina
    • Bolivia
    • Brazil
    • Chile
    • Colombia
    • Cuba
    • Ecuador
    • French Guiana
    • Mexico
      • Neo-Zapatism
      • Magonism
      • Zapatism
    • Puerto Rico
    • Venezuela
  • North America
    • Canada
    • United States
      • Individualist anarchism

Asian

  • Armenia
  • Azerbaijan
  • Bangladesh
  • China
    • Hong Kong
  • East Timor
  • Egypt
  • Georgia
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • Israel
  • Japan
  • Korea
  • Malaysia
  • Mongolia
  • Philippines
  • Singapore
  • Syria
    • Democratic confederalism
  • Turkey
  • Vietnam

European

  • France
    • Individualist anarchism
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Iceland
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Monaco
  • Poland
  • Romania
  • Russia
    • Narodnism
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom

Oceanian

  • Australia
  • New Zealand

Authoritarianism

General

Other

Opposition

Religious variants

African

American

Asian

  • Afghanistan
  • Cambodia
  • China
  • Indonesia
  • Iraq
  • Iran
  • Japan
  • Kazakhstan
  • Myanmar
  • North Korea
  • Pakistan
  • Philippines
  • Saudi Arabia
  • South Korea
    • Ilminism
  • Syria
  • Tajikistan
  • Thailand
  • Turkey
  • Turkmenistan
  • United Arab Emirates
  • Uzbekistan

European

Communitarianism

General

Other

  • Christian socialism
  • Pre-Marxist communism
  • Primitive communism
  • Religious communism
    • Christian communism
    • Islamic communism
    • Jewish communism
  • Utopian socialism
  • Eurasianism

Regional variants

  • Kibbutz
  • Obshchina
  • Singapore
  • Zadruga

Communism

Political internationals
  • Committee for a Workers' International (Trotskyism)
  • Committee for Revolutionary International Regroupment (Trotskyism)
  • Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
  • Fourth International (Trotskyism)
  • Fourth International (ICR) (Trotskyism)
  • Fourth International (post-reunification) (Trotskyism)
  • Fourth International Posadist (Trotskyism)
  • International Bolshevik Tendency (Trotskyism)
  • International Committee of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
  • International Communist Current (left communism)
  • International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) (Trotskyism)
  • International Communist Party (left communism)
  • International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter) (Maoism)
  • International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) (Hoxhaism)
  • International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations (anti-revisionism)
  • International League of Peoples' Struggle (Marxism–Leninism–Maoism)
  • International Marxist Tendency (orthodox Trotskyism)
  • International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties (Marxism–Leninism)
  • International Socialist Alternative (Trotskyism)
  • International Socialist Tendency (neo-Trotskyism)
  • International Workers League – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
  • International Workers' Unity – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
  • Internationalist Communist Tendency (left communism)
  • Internationalist Communist Union (Trotskyism)
  • League for the Fifth International (Trotskyism)
  • League for the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
  • Liaison Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
  • Revolutionary Communist International (Trotskyism)
  • Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
  • United Secretariat of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
  • World Socialist Movement (anti-Leninism, classical Marxism, impossibilism and international socialism)
  • Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
  • Barracks communism
    • Nechayevshchina
  • Blanquism
  • Leninism
  • Nechayevism
  • Tkachevism

Leninism

  • Democratic centralism
  • Marxism–Leninism
  • Trotskyism
    • Neo-Trotskyism
      • Pabloism
      • Posadism
      • Third camp Trotskyism
    • Orthodox Trotskyism
  • Vanguardism
  • War communism

Marxism–Leninism

  • Brezhnevism
    • Brezhnev Doctrine
    • Real socialism
  • Castroism
  • Ceaușism
  • Dubčekism
  • Gorbachevism
  • Guevarism
    • Focalism
  • Ho Chi Minh Thought
    • Kaysone Phomvihane Thought
  • Hoxhaism
  • Husakism
  • Juche
  • Kadarism
  • Khrushchevism
    • De-Stalinization
    • Khrushchev Thaw
  • Maoism
    • Khmer Rouge ideology
    • Maoism–Third Worldism
      • Third Worldism
      • Third World socialism
    • Nazi-Maoism
    • New Synthesis
    • Mao-Spontex
    • Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
      • Gonzalo Thought
      • Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path
      • National Democracy
      • Naxalism
    • Socialism with Chinese characteristics
      • Deng Xiaoping Theory
      • Mao Zedong Thought
      • Scientific Outlook on Development
      • Three Principles of the People
      • Three Represents
      • Xi Jinping Thought
  • Marxist–Leninist atheism
  • Scientific communism
  • Stalinism
    • Anti-revisionism
    • Neo-Stalinism
    • Socialism in one country
      • National communism
      • National Bolshevism
      • Socialist patriotism
        • Soviet socialist patriotism
          • Soviet nostalgia
    • Soviet antisemitism
      • Left-wing antisemitism
    • Soviet anti-Zionism
  • Titoism
    • Đilasism
    • Rankovićism
    • Socialist nationalism
      • Socialist Yugoslavism
        • Yugo-nostalgia

Libertarian

An Anarchist A laid over a Communist Hammer and sickle.

Marxism

  • Classical Marxism
    • Orthodox Marxism
      • Impossibilism
        • World Socialist Movement
      • Kautskyism
  • Libertarian Marxism
    • Autonomism
      • Workerism
    • Left communism
    • Mao-Spontex
    • Marxism–De Leonism
    • Neo-Trotskyism
      • Chaulieu–Montal tendency
      • Johnson–Forest tendency
      • Third camp
        • Shachtmanism
          • Left Shachtmanism
    • Open Marxism
  • Western Marxism
    • Austro-Marxism
    • Frankfurt School
    • Freudo-Marxism
    • Hegelian Marxism
    • Marxist humanism
      • Budapest School
      • Praxis School
    • Neo-Marxism
      • Analytical Marxism
      • Conflict theories
        • Dependency theory
        • Social conflict theory
        • World-systems theory
      • Freudo–Marxism
      • Gramscianism
        • Neo-Gramscianism
      • Instrumental Marxism
      • Neue Marx-Lektüre
      • Political Marxism
      • Structural Marxism
    • Post-Marxism
      • Radical democracy
        • Abahlali baseMjondolo
        • Landless Workers' Movement
        • Piqueteros
        • Zapatistas

Other

  • Agrarian communism
  • Centrist Marxism
  • Eco-communism
  • Eurocommunism
  • Fully automated luxury communism
  • International communism
  • Marxist democracy
  • National communism
  • Nihilist communism
  • Primitive communism
  • Pre-Marxist communism
  • Queer communism
  • World communism

Opposition

Religious variants

  • Christian communism
    • Bruderhofs
    • Diggers
    • Hutterites
    • Shakers
  • Islamic communism
  • Jewish communism

African

  • Angola
  • Benin
  • Congo
  • Egypt
  • Eritrea
  • Ethiopia
  • Mozambique
  • Somalia
  • South Africa
    • Trotskyism
  • Tanzania
  • Tunisia

American

Asian

  • Afghanistan
  • Armenia
  • Azerbaijan
  • Cambodia
    • Khmer Rouge
    • Salvation Front
  • China
    • New Left
    • Ultra-left
  • India
  • Georgia
  • Indonesia
    • Sumatra
  • Iran
  • Israel
  • Japan
    • New Left
  • Kazakhstan
  • Korea
  • Kurdistan
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Laos
  • Mongolia
  • Nepal
  • Palestine
  • Pakistan
  • Philippines
  • Soviet Union
  • Tajikistan
  • Thailand
  • Turkey
  • Turkmenistan
  • Uzbekistan
  • Vietnam
    • Trotskyism
  • Yemen

European

  • Albania
  • Bosnia, and Herzegovina
  • Bulgaria
  • Belarus
  • Croatia
  • Cyprus
  • Czechoslovakia
    • Bohemia and Moravia
    • Slovakia
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • France
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Hungary
  • Italy
  • Latvia
  • Lithuania
  • Macedonia
  • Moldova
  • Montenegro
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
    • National communism
  • Russia
    • Bolshevism
      • Bolsheviks
        • Centre
        • Left Opposition
          • Left communism
          • Group of Democratic Centralism
          • Left–Right Bloc
          • Trotskyism
          • United Opposition
          • Workers' Opposition
            • Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party
            • Workers' Truth
        • Old Bolsheviks
          • Recallists
          • Ultimatists
        • Right Opposition
          • Anti-Party Group
          • Bukharinism
          • Noginism
          • Rykovism
          • Tomskyism
          • Gang of Eight
          • Left–Right Bloc
          • Soyuz
          • Union of Marxist–Leninists
  • Serbia
  • Slovenia
  • Spain
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
    • Trotskyism
      • Neo-Trotskyism
  • Yugoslavia

Oceanian

  • Australia
  • New Zealand

Conservatism

Political internationals

General

  • Authoritarian conservatism
  • Bioconservatism
  • Black conservatism
  • Civic conservatism
  • Classical conservatism
    • Distributism
  • Conservative corporatism
  • Conservative liberalism
  • Cultural conservatism
  • Fiscal conservatism
  • Green conservatism
  • LGBT conservatism
  • Liberal conservatism
  • Libertarian conservatism
    • Fusionism
    • Libertarian Republicanism
    • Paleolibertarianism
    • Western conservatism
  • Monarchism
  • National conservatism
    • Ethnic nationalism
  • Neoconservatism
  • Paleoconservatism
    • Paleolibertarianism
  • Paternalistic conservatism
  • Right-wing populism
  • Social conservatism
  • Social Darwinism
    • Kraterocracy
  • Theoconservatism
    • Christian right
    • State religion
      • Antidisestablishmentarianism
      • Caesaropapism
      • Dominionism
      • Theocracy
      • Theonomy
    • Ultramontanism
  • Traditionalist conservatism

Reactionary

Opposition

Religious variants

African

  • Egypt
  • Gabon
  • Ghana
  • Ivory Coast
  • Kenya
  • Liberia
  • Malawi
  • Morocco
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • South Africa
  • Sudan
  • Uganda

American

  • Latin America
    • Brazil
    • Chile
      • Pinochetism
    • Colombia
    • Puerto Rico
  • North America
    • Canada
      • Bernierism
      • Blue Toryism
      • Monarchism
      • Nativism
      • Pink Toryism
      • Red Toryism
      • Trumpism
    • United States
United States

Asian

European

Oceanian

  • Australia
  • Fiji
  • New Zealand
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Samoa
  • Tonga
  • Vanuatu

Corporatism

General

Other

  • Consociationalism
  • Cooperativism
  • Corporate welfarism
  • Guild socialism
  • Guildism
  • Managerialism
  • Mutualist movement
  • National syndicalism

Religious variants

  • Christian corporatism
    • Distributism

Regional variants

Western Europe

Democracy

General

Other

  • Demarchism
  • Democratic capitalism
  • Democratic centralism
  • Democratic confederalism
  • Democratic globalization
    • Democratic mundialization
  • Democratic republicanism
  • Democratic socialism
  • Democratic transhumanism
  • Majoritarianism
  • Producerism
  • Sortitionism

Direct democracy movements

  • Anticipatory democracy
  • Anti-corruption movements
  • Anti-establishmentarianism
  • Anti-particracy movements
  • Cellular democracy
  • Collaborative governance
  • Consensus democracy
  • Copyright reform movements
  • Council democracy
  • Cyber-utopianism
  • Deliberative democracy
  • Delegative democracy
  • Dynamic governance
  • E-democracy
  • Economic democracy
  • Empowered democracy
  • Grassroots democracy
  • Inclusive Democracy
  • Localism
  • Marxist democracy
  • Net neutrality movements
  • Open-source governance
  • Pirate politics
  • Popular democracy
  • Producerism
  • Semi-direct democracy

Pirate politics

Pirate politics
IdeologyAnti-corruption
Civil libertarianism
Civil rights
Direct democracy
E-democracy
Participatory democracy
Social liberalism
Political internationals
  • Pirate Parties International (pirate politics)
  • Anti-copyright movement
  • Anti-corruption movement
  • Civil rights movement
  • Civil libertarianism
  • Direct democracy
    • Economic democracy
    • E-democracy
    • Participatory democracy
  • Free speech movement
  • Information privacy movement
  • Net neutrality movement
  • Free and open-source software
    • Free software movement
    • Open-source-software movement

Opposition

  • Anti-democratism

Christian democracy

Political internationals
General
  • Distributism
    • Social credit movement
  • Gremialismo
  • Popularism
Other

Other

African

  • Egypt
  • Morocco

Asian

  • Bangladesh
  • China
    • Hong Kong
  • India
  • Iran
  • Israel
  • Lebanon
  • Pakistan
  • Palestine
  • Rojava
  • Singapore
  • Vietnam

American

  • Chile
  • Chiapas
  • United States
    • Direct democracy
    • Jacksonian democracy
    • Jeffersonian democracy

European

Oceanian

Environmentalism

Political internationals

Bright green environmentalism

  • Car-free movement
  • Climate movement
  • Conservation movement
  • Eco-modernism
    • Ecological modernization
    • Prometheanism
    • Technogaianism
  • Positive environmentalism
  • Steady-state economy

Deep green environmentalism

  • Anti-consumerism
    • Degrowth movement
    • Post-growth
    • Post-consumerism
  • Anti-globalization movement
    • Alter-globalization movement
    • Global justice movement
  • Anti-nuclear movement
  • Bioregionalism
  • Ecoauthoritarianism
  • Ecocentrism
  • Eco-fascism
  • Green anarchism
  • Neo-Luddism
  • Radical environmentalism
    • Animal rights movement
    • Deep Green Resistance
    • Earth liberation movement

Light green environmentalism

  • Free-market environmentalism
    • Eco-capitalism
      • Sustainable capitalism
    • Georgism
      • Geolibertarianism
    • Green libertarianism
  • Green conservatism
    • Fiscal environmentalism
  • Green liberalism

Other

  • Ecofeminism
  • Eco-nationalism
    • Green Zionism
  • Green left
    • Eco-socialism
  • Localism
  • Queer ecology

Opposition

  • Anti-environmentalism
  • Wise use movement

Religious variants

  • Christian environmentalism
    • Eco-theology
    • Evangelical environmentalism
  • Islamic environmentalism
  • Jewish environmentalism
  • Maori environmentalism
  • Spiritual ecology

African

  • South Africa

American

  • United States

Asian

  • Bangladesh
  • China
  • India
  • Israel
  • South Korea
  • Taiwan

European

  • Switzerland

Oceanian

  • Australia
  • New Zealand

Fascism and Nazism

General

  • Classical fascism
  • Crypto-fascism
  • Eco-fascism
  • Gay fascism
  • Neo-fascism
  • Para-fascism
  • Post-fascism
  • Proto-fascism
  • Techno-fascism
  • Tropical fascism

Other

  • Alt-right movement
  • Aryanism
  • Conservative revolutionary movement
  • Corporate statism
  • Fascist corporatism
  • Fascist mysticism
  • Fascist syndicalism
  • Feudal fascism
  • Identitarian movement
  • National populism
  • Nazism
  • Neo-Nazism
  • Nouvelle Droite
  • Palingenetic ultranationalism
  • Racial nationalism
  • Reactionary modernism
  • Revolutionary nationalism
  • Right-wing authoritarianism
  • Supremacism
  • Syncretism
  • Third Position
  • Ultranationalism

Opposition

  • Anti-authoritarianism
  • Anti-imperialism
  • Anti-militarism
  • Anti-nationalism
  • Anti-racism

By country

  • During and before World War II
    • Albania
    • Austria
    • Belgium
    • Bulgaria
    • Burma
    • China
    • Czech Republic
    • Denmark
    • France
      • Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
    • Germany
      • Antifaschistische Aktion
      • Iron Front
    • Greece
    • Hungary
    • Italy
      • Arditi del Popolo
    • Japan
    • Lithuania
    • Malaysia
    • Moldova
    • Netherlands
    • Norway
    • Partisan resistance movement (multinational)
      • Jewish partisans
    • Philippines
    • Poland
      • Anti-Fascist Bloc
      • Jewish Combat Organization
    • Portugal
    • Slovakia
    • Soviet Union
    • Spain
    • Thailand
    • Yugoslavia
  • Post-World War II
    • Austria
    • Burma
    • Germany
    • Sweden
    • United Kingdom
      • Anti-Fascist Action
      • Anti-Nazi League
      • Movement for Justice
      • Red Action
      • Squadism
      • Unite Against Fascism
    • United States
      • Anti-Racist Action
      • By Any Means Necessary
      • Redneck Revolt
      • Refuse Fascism
      • Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice

Religious variants

  • Christofascism
    • Christian Identity
    • Positive Christianity
  • Clerical fascism
  • Esoteric Nazism
    • Ariosophy
  • Islamofascism

African

  • Rwanda
  • South Africa
    • Nazism
  • Zaire

American

  • Latin America
  • North America
    • Canada
      • Nazism
        • Neo-Nazism
    • United States

Asian

European

Oceanian

Identity politics

Political internationals
  • International Council of Women (feminism)
  • Minority Rights Group International (minority rights)
  • Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (indigenous rights and self-determination)
  • Anti-abortion movement
  • Children's rights movement
  • Elder rights movement
  • Intergenerational equity
  • Youth rights movement
  • Disability rights movement
    • Deaf rights movement
    • Neurodiversity movement
      • Autism rights movement
      • Mad pride movement
      • Psychiatric survivors movement
  • Fat acceptance movement
    • Fat feminism

Feminism

General

  • Analytical feminism
  • Anarcha-feminism
  • Care-focused feminism
  • Conservative feminism
  • Cultural feminism
  • Cyberfeminism
  • Difference feminism
  • Eco-feminism
    • Vegetarian eco-feminism
  • Equality feminism
  • Gender feminism
  • Individualist feminism
  • Intersectional feminism
  • Labor feminism
  • Lesbian feminism
  • Liberal feminism
    • Equity feminism
  • Libertarian feminism
  • Lipstick feminism
    • Neo-feminism
  • Material feminism
  • Maternal feminism
  • Post-modern feminism
  • Pro-feminism
  • Radical feminism
    • Trans-exclusionary radical feminism
    • Women's liberation movement
  • Separatist feminism
  • Sex-positive feminism
  • Social feminism
  • Socialist feminism
    • Marxist feminism
  • Standpoint feminism
  • State feminism
  • Transfeminism

Opposition

  • Antifeminism

Chronological variants

  • Proto-feminism
  • First-wave feminism
  • Second-wave feminism
  • Third-wave feminism
  • Fourth-wave feminism
  • Post-feminism

Ethnic and social variants

  • Black feminism
    • Hip-hop feminism
    • Womanism
      • Africana womanism
  • Chicana feminism
  • Dalit feminism
  • French feminism
    • Post-structural feminism
  • Indigenous feminism
    • Native American feminism
  • Kurdish feminism
  • Post-colonial feminism
    • Global feminism
    • Third-world feminism
    • Transnational feminism
  • White feminism

Religious variants

  • Atheist feminism
  • Buddhist feminism
  • Christian feminism
    • New feminism
  • Hindu feminism
  • Islamic feminism
  • Jewish feminism
    • Orthodox Jewish feminism
  • Mormon feminism
  • Neopagan feminism
    • Dianic Wicca
    • Reclaiming
  • Sikh feminism
African
  • Congo
  • Egypt
  • Ethiopia
  • Ghana
  • Mali
  • Nigeria
  • South Africa
American
  • Latin America
    • Argentina
    • Brazil
    • Chile
    • Haiti
    • Honduras
    • Mexico
    • Paraguay
    • Trinidad and Tobago
  • North America
    • Canada
    • United States
Asian
  • Bangladesh
  • China
  • Hong Kong
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • Iran
  • Iraq
  • Israel
  • Japan
  • Lebanon
  • Malaysia
  • Nepal
  • Northern Cyprus
  • Pakistan
  • Philippines
  • South Korea
  • Syria
  • Taiwan
  • Thailand
  • Turkey
  • Vietnam
European
  • Albania
  • Denmark
  • Finland
  • France
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Netherlands
  • Norway
  • Poland
  • Russia
  • Sweden
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
Oceanian
  • Australia
  • New Zealand

LGBT social movements

  • Gay liberation
  • Homonationalism
  • LGBT conservatism
  • LGBT pride
  • LGBT rights opposition
  • Pink capitalism
  • Queer anarchism
  • Queer ecology
  • Queer nationalism
  • Socialism and LGBT rights
  • Transfeminism

Men's movement

  • Anti-feminism
  • Fathers' rights movement
  • Intactivism
  • Masculism
  • Meninism
  • Men's rights movement
  • Mythopoetic men's movement
  • Patriarchy
  • Pro-feminism
    • Men's liberation movement

Regional variants

  • Australia
  • India
  • Italy
  • United Kingdom
  • United States

Self-determination movements

African-American

  • African-American self-determination movement
  • Black anarchism
  • Black capitalism
    • Black conservatism
  • Black feminism
    • Womanism
      • Africana womanism
  • Black power
  • Pan-Africanism

Indigenous peoples

  • Australian Aborigines self-determination movement
  • First Nations self-determination movement
  • Greenlandic independence movement
  • Indigenous self-determination movement
  • Māori self-determination movement
  • Native American self-determination movement
    • American Indian Movement
  • Pan-Indianism

Latin American

  • Chicanism
    • Chicano movement
  • Hispanicism
  • Indigenism
    • Mexico
    • Peru
  • Pan-Americanism
  • Pan-Hispanism

Separatist and supremacist movements

Ethnic

Black
  • Black nationalism
  • Black separatism
  • Black supremacism
White
African
American
Asian
  • Pakistan
European
  • Belgium
  • Bosnia, and Herzegovina
  • Georgia
  • Russia
    • Separatism in Chechnya
    • Separatism in Dagestan
    • Separatism in Tatarstan
    • Separatism in Ural
  • Serbia
  • Spain
    • Basque separatism
    • Catalan separatism
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
Oceania
  • Australia
    • Tasmania

Gender

Religious variants

Student movements

General

  • Anarchist free school movement
  • Student activism

Regional variants

  • Argentina
  • Australia
  • Bangladesh
  • Canada
  • Chile
  • China
  • Congo
  • Eastern Europe
  • European Union
  • Hong Kong
    • Umbrella Revolution
    • Hong Kong Federation of Students
    • Occupy Tamar
    • Scholarism
    • Umbrella Movement
  • India
    • Assam Movement
    • Pro-jallikattu movement
  • Indonesia
  • Iran
  • Israel
  • Japan
  • Korea
  • Malaysia
  • Mexico
  • Philippines
  • Taiwan
    • Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement
    • Sunflower Student Movement
  • Uganda
  • United States
    • New Students for a Democratic Society
    • Rouge Forum
    • Students for a Democratic Society
      • Worker Student Alliance
    • Student Press Law Center

Liberalism

Political internationals

General

Other

Opposition

African

  • Egypt
  • Nigeria
  • Senegal
  • South Africa
  • Tunisia
  • Zimbabwe

American

  • Latin America
    • Bolivia
    • Brazil
    • Chile
    • Colombia
    • Cuba
    • Ecuador
    • Honduras
    • Mexico
    • Nicaragua
    • Panama
    • Paraguay
    • Peru
    • Puerto Rico
    • Uruguay
    • Venezuela
  • North America
    • Canada
    • United States
      • Abolitionism
      • Anti-Federalism
      • Democratism
        • New democratism
          • Clintonism
      • Liberal republicanism
        • Moderate republicanism
        • Radical republicanism
      • Modern liberalism
        • Classical liberalism
        • New Deal liberalism
          • New Deal coalition
        • Progressive movement
        • Wilsonianism

Asian

  • China
  • Hong Kong
  • India
  • Iran
  • Israel
  • Japan
  • Philippines
  • South Korea
  • Taiwan
  • Thailand
  • Turkey
    • Liberal Kemalism

European

  • Albania
  • Armenia
  • Austria
    • Jacobinism
  • Belgium
  • Bulgaria
  • Croatia
  • Cyprus
  • Czech lands
  • Denmark
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • France
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Hungary
  • Iceland
  • Italy
    • Historical Left
    • Historical Right
  • Latvia
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Macedonia
  • Moldova
  • Montenegro
  • Netherlands
  • Norway
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • Serbia
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Spain
    • Krausism
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom

Oceanian

  • Australia
  • New Zealand

Libertarianism

Political internationals
  • Center for a Stateless Society (left-libertarianism)
  • International Alliance of Libertarian Parties (right-libertarianism)
  • International of Anarchist Federations (anarchism)
  • International Union for Land Value Taxation (geoism)
  • Liberty International (right-libertarianism)

Left-libertarianism

Right-libertarianism

Other

  • Autarchism
  • Civil libertarianism
  • Consequentialist libertarianism
  • Constitutionalism
  • Laissez-faire
  • Libertarian conservatism
  • Libertarian feminism
  • Libertarian paternalism
  • Minarchism
  • Natural-rights libertarianism
  • Neoclassical liberalism
  • Panarchism
  • Radicalism
  • Technolibertarianism
    • Libertarian transhumanism
      • Anarcho-transhumanism
    • Californian Ideology
    • Techno-utopianism
  • Voluntaryism

Opposition

  • Anti-libertarianism

Religious variants

  • Christian libertarianism
  • Libertarian Christianity

African

  • South Africa
    • Anarchism

American

  • Canada
    • Anarchism
  • United States
United States

Asian

  • Hong Kong

European

  • United Kingdom
    • Anarchism
      • Anarcho-communism
      • Anarcho-naturism
      • Individualist anarchism
    • Thatcherism

Oceanian

  • Australia
    • Anarchism
      • Anarcho-technocracy

Nationalism

Political internationals
  • International Conference of Asian Political Parties (pan-Asianism and regionalism)
  • The Movement (neo-nationalism and right-wing populism)
  • Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (nationalism and self-determination)

General

  • Bourgeois nationalism
  • Civic nationalism
  • Cultural nationalism
  • Diaspora nationalism
  • Eco-nationalism
  • Economic nationalism
    • Business nationalism
    • Corporate nationalism
    • Developmentalism
    • Protectionism
  • Ethnic nationalism
  • Expansionist nationalism
  • Homonationalism
  • Integral nationalism
    • Brazilian Integralism
    • Maurassisme
    • Lusitanian integralism
  • Left-wing nationalism
  • Liberal nationalism
  • Liberation nationalism
  • Pan-nationalism
  • Post-colonial nationalism
  • Queer nationalism
  • Radical nationalism
  • Revolutionary nationalism
  • Right-wing nationalism
    • Neo-nationalism
  • Romantic nationalism
  • Socialist nationalism
    • Socialism in one country
    • Socialist Yugoslav nationalism
      • Yugo-nostalgia
    • Soviet nationalism
      • Neo-Stalinism
      • Neo-Sovietism
      • Soviet nostalgia
  • Territorial nationalism
  • Ultranationalism

Other

Opposition

  • Anationalism
  • Anti-patriotism
  • Anti-Zionism
    • Religious anti-Zionism
  • Cosmopolitanism
  • Globalism
  • Internationalism
    • Cosmopolitan democracy
    • Liberal internationalism
    • Postnationalism
    • Proletarian internationalism
    • Socialist internationalism
  • Multiculturalism

Religious variants

  • Polytheistic reconstructionism
  • Buddhist nationalism
    • 969 Movement
    • Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
  • Christian nationalism
  • Hindu nationalism
  • Muslim nationalism
  • New Confucianism
  • Religious Zionism
    • Christian Zionism
  • Sikh nationalism
  • State Shinto
    • Showa Statism

African

  • Algeria
  • Berber
  • East Congo
  • Egypt
    • Pharaonism
      • Coptic nationalism
        • Coptic identity
  • Ethiopia
  • Hutu Power
  • Madagascar
  • Nigeria
    • Igbo nationalism
  • Somalia
  • South Africa
    • Afrikaners

American

  • Argentina
  • Brazil
  • Canada
  • Costa Rica
  • Creole nationalism
  • Greenland
  • Trinidad and Tobago
  • United States

Asian

  • Arab
    • Lebanon
    • Palestine
  • Assyria
  • Azerbaijan
  • Bangladesh
  • Cambodia
  • China
    • East Turkistan
    • Taiwan
      • Taiwan independence movement
    • Tibet
  • India
    • Assam
      • Bodo nationalism
    • Bengal
    • Dravidian nationalism
      • Kerala
      • Tamil Nadu
    • Indian independence movement
      • Anti-partitionism
        • Composite nationalism
        • Hindu–Muslim unity
      • Two-nation theory
        • Hindu nationalism
        • Muslim nationalism in South Asia
    • Kashmir
      • Khilafat Movement
    • Nagaland
    • Punjab
    • Tripura
  • Indonesia
  • Iran
    • Iranian Islamonationalism
  • Israel
    • Green Zionism
    • Golus nationalism
    • Labor Zionism
    • Neo-Zionism
    • Post-Zionism
    • Revisionist Zionism
  • Japan
  • Karen
  • Korean
    • Korean ethnic nationalism
  • Kurdish
    • Kurdish Islamonationalism
  • Malaysia
  • Pakistan
  • Philippines
  • Sri Lanka
    • Tamil
  • Turkey
  • Vietnam
    • Degar
  • Yazidi nationalism

European

  • Albania
    • Kosovo
  • Armenia
  • Austria
    • German nationalism in Austria
  • Belarus
  • Bulgaria
  • Czechoslovakia
    • Czech Republic
    • Slovakia
  • Estonia
  • France
    • Alsace
    • Brittany
    • Corsica
    • Gaullism
    • Occitania
    • Souverainism
  • Georgia
  • Germany
    • Bavaria
    • Prussia
    • New Nationalism
  • Golus nationalism
  • Greece
    • Cyprus
  • Hungary
  • Ireland
  • Italy
    • Lombardy
    • Padania
    • Sardinia
    • Sicily
    • Venetian
  • Latvia
  • Lithuania
  • Low Countries
    • Belgium
      • Flanders
      • Orangism
      • Rattachism
      • Wallonia
    • Netherlands
      • Frisia
  • Moldova
  • Poland
    • National Democracy
    • Polish Messianism
    • Silesia
    • Zadrugism
    • Szeklerland
  • Russia
    • Eurasianism
      • Duginism
        • Neo-Eurasianism
    • Extremist nationalism
      • Black Hundreds
    • Nashism
    • Bulgarism
    • Chechnya
    • Circassia
    • Karelia
  • Nordic countries
    • Faroe Islands
    • Finland
      • Fennoman movement
      • Svecoman movement
    • Greenland
    • Iceland
    • Norway
    • Sápmi
  • Spain
    • Basque
    • Canary Islands
    • Catalonia
    • Galicia
    • Valencia
      • Blaverism
  • Ukraine
  • United Kingdom
    • British unionism
    • Cornwall
    • England
    • Northern Ireland
      • Ulster loyalism
      • Ulster nationalism
    • Scotland
    • Wales
  • Yugoslavia
    • Bosnia
    • Croatia
      • Dalmatia
        • Istria
    • Serbia
    • Macedonia
    • Montenegro
    • Slovenia

Oceanian

Unification movements

  • Chinese unificationism
    • Han nationalism
  • Continentalism
  • Eurasianism
  • Hui pan-nationalism
  • Indian nationalism
    • Anti-partitionism
      • Composite nationalism
      • Hindu–Muslim unity
        • Indian reunificationism
        • Indo-Pakistani Confederationism
  • Indigenism
    • Indigenism movement
    • Pan-Indianism
  • Korean reunificationism
  • Multiculturalism
    • Interculturalism
    • Pluriculturalism
    • Plurinationalism
    • Polyculturalism
  • Neo-Sovietism
  • Pan-Africanism
  • Pan-Albanianism
  • Pan-Americanism
  • Pan-Arabism
    • Ba'athism
    • Nasserism
      • Neo-Ba'athism
        • Assadism
        • Saddamism
  • Pan-Asianism
  • Pan-Celticism
  • Pan-Dravidianism
  • Pan-Europeanism
    • Pro-Europeanism
    • European federalism
      • United States of Europe
    • Pan-European nationalism
  • Pan-Finnicism
  • Pan-Francoism
    • Rattachism
  • Pan-Germanism
  • Pan-Hellenism
  • Pan-Hispanism
    • Patria Grande
  • Pan-Iberism
  • Pan-Iranism
  • Pan-Irishism
  • Pan-Islamism
  • Pan-Latin Americanism
  • Pan-Latinism
  • Pan-Mongolism
  • Pan-Netherlandism
    • Grootneerlandisme
    • Orangism
  • Pan-Oceanianism
  • Pan-Rumanianism
    • Moldovan-Romanian reunificationism
  • Pan-Scandinavianism
  • Pan-Slavism
    • Yugoslavism
  • Pan-Somalism
  • Pan-Turanism
  • Pan-Turkism
  • Postnationalism
  • Regionalism

Populism

Political internationals

General

  • Conservative populism
  • Economic populism
  • Liberal populism
  • Reactionary populism
  • Social populism
  • Socialist populism
  • Techno-populism

Left-wing populism

  • Agrarian socialism
  • Anti-austerity movement
  • Anti-consumerism
  • Anti-corporate movement
    • Anti-corporate activism
  • Anti-globalization movement
    • Alter-globalization movement
    • Global citizens movement
    • Global justice movement
  • Anti-nuclear movement
  • Autonomism
  • Copyright reform movement
  • Cyber-utopianism
  • Economic democracy
    • Council democracy
    • Inclusive democracy
    • Industrial democracy
    • Soviet democracy
    • Workers' self-management
    • Workplace democracy
  • Economic progressivism
  • Egalitarianism
  • Labour movement
  • Left-wing nationalism
  • Net neutrality movement
  • Occupy movement
  • Open-source-software movement
  • Parecon
    • Participatory budgeting
  • Parpolity
    • Participatory democracy
    • Participatory justice
    • Participatory planning
  • Peace movement
    • Anti-militarism
    • Anti-war movement
    • Pacifism
  • Radical democracy
  • Social democratic populism
  • Socialist populism

Right-wing populism

  • Alt-lite movement
  • Alt-right movement
  • Anti-intellectualism
  • Chauvinism
    • Welfare chauvinism
  • Conservative populism
  • Demagogy
  • Market populism
  • National conservatism
    • Post-communism
  • National populism
  • Nativism
    • Anti-immigration movement
  • Neo-nationalism
  • Neo-reactionary movement
  • Paleoconservatism
  • Penal populism
  • Right-wing nationalism
  • Reactionary populism
    • Radical right-wing populism
  • Third Position
  • Völkisch movement

Other

African

  • Arab Spring movement

Asian

American

  • Latin America
    • Argentina
    • Bolivia
      • Movement for Socialism
    • Brazil
      • Bolsonarism
      • Lulism
      • Petism
      • Podemos
    • Chile
      • Ibañism
    • Ecuador
    • Mexico
    • Nicaragua
      • Sandinism
    • Puerto Rico
    • Venezuela
      • Bolivarianism
        • Chavism
        • Fifth Republic Movement
  • North America
    • Canada
    • United States
      • Black populism movement
      • Bull Moose populism
      • Coffee Party movement
      • Jacksonian democracy
      • Jeffersonian democracy
      • Longism
      • People's Party populism
      • Perotism
      • Progressive populism
      • Tea Party movement
      • Trumpism
        • QAnon

European

Oceanian

Progressivism

Political internationals

General

  • Economic progressivism
  • Social progressivism
  • Techno-progressivism
  • Transnational progressivism

Other

Opposition

Religious variants

  • Islamic progressivism

Regional variants

  • Canada
  • South Korea
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
    • American System
    • Great Society
      • War on Poverty
    • New Deal
      • Fair Deal
      • Green New Deal
    • New Freedom
    • New Frontier
    • Progressive democratism
      • Justice democratism
    • Progressive Era
      • Eugenics
      • New Nationalism
      • Square Deal
      • Temperance movement
      • Wilsonianism
    • Whigs

Religio-political ideologies

Political internationals

General

  • Anti-Masonry
    • Christian anti-Masonry
    • Muslim anti-Masonry
  • Antisemitism
    • Economic antisemitism
    • New antisemitism
    • Racial antisemitism
    • Religious antisemitism
  • Clericalism
  • Complementarianism
  • Confessionalism
  • Feminist theology
    • Thealogy
    • Womanist theology
  • Freemasonry
  • Humanism
  • Messianism
  • Political religion
  • Postcolonial theology
  • Religious anarchism
  • Religious anti-Zionism
  • Religious apoliticism
  • Religious communism
  • Religious egalitarianism
  • Religious environmentalism
    • Spiritual ecology
  • Religious liberalism
  • Religious nationalism
  • Religious pacifism
  • Religious socialism
  • Secularism
    • Anti-clericalism
    • Cult of Reason
    • Disestablishmentarianism
    • Secular religion
    • Secular state
  • Spiritual left
  • State religion
    • Antidisestablishmentarianism
    • Cult of the Supreme Being
      • Theophilanthropy
    • Theocracy
    • Theonomy

Political atheism and agnosticism

  • Atheist feminism
  • Marxist–Leninist atheism
  • Secular humanism
  • Secular liberalism
  • State atheism

Political Baháʼí Faith

  • New world order (Baháʼí)
    • opposition

Political Buddhism

  • Buddhist anarchism
  • Buddhist feminism
  • Buddhist modernism
    • Engaged Buddhism
    • Humanistic Buddhism
    • Secular Buddhism
  • Buddhist nationalism
    • 969 Movement
    • Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
  • Buddhist socialism

Political Christianity

  • Caesaropapism
  • Christian antisemitism
  • Christian democracy
    • Christian corporatism
    • Distributism
    • Gremialismo
    • Popolarismo
    • Social credit
  • Christian egalitarianism
  • Christian environmentalism
    • Ecotheology
    • Evangelical environmentalism
  • Christian feminism
  • Christian humanism
  • Christianism
  • Christian left
    • Christian anarchism
      • Diggers
      • Tolstoyan movement
    • Christian communism
      • Bruderhofs
      • Hutterites
      • Proto-communism
      • Shakers
    • Christian socialism
      • Utopian socialism
        • Levellers
    • Evangelical left
    • Liberal Christianity
    • Liberation theology
    • Progressive Christianity
    • Social Gospel
  • Christian pacifism
  • Christian right
    • Christian fundamentalism
    • Christian libertarianism
      • Libertarian Christianity
    • Christian nationalism
      • Christian Zionism
      • Christofascism
        • Clerical fascism
      • Clerico-nationalism
      • National Catholicism
    • Christian reconstructionism
      • Dominionism
    • Theoconservatism
  • Distributism
    • Social credit movement
  • Integralism
    • Integral humanism
    • Integrism
    • Integral nationalism
      • Brazilian
      • French
        • Maurrassisme
      • Lusitanian
  • Jesuism
  • Political Catholicism
    • Catholic Worker Movement
    • Ultramontanism
      • Neo-ultramontanism
  • Political Mormonism
    • Deseret Nationalism
    • Mormon feminism
    • Mormon fundamentalism
    • Theodemocracy

Political Confucianism

  • Neo-Confucianism
  • New Confucianism

Political Hinduism

  • Gandhism
    • Gandhian socialism
    • Hindu-Muslim unity
  • Hindu feminism
  • Hindu nationalism
    • Akhand Bharat
    • Hindu revolution
    • Hindutva
    • Integral humanism
  • Hindu revivalism

Political indigenous religions

  • Maori environmentalism

Political Islam

  • Gülen movement
  • Hindu-Muslim unity
  • Islamic anarchism
  • Islamic antisemitism
  • Islamic democracy
  • Islamic environmentalism
  • Islamic egalitarianism
  • Islamic feminism
  • Islamic liberalism
  • Islamic modernism
  • Islamic monarchism
  • Islamic pacifism
  • Islamic republicanism
    • Khomeinism
  • Islamic socialism
  • Islamic Zionism
  • Islamism
    • Islamic fundamentalism
      • Islamic fascism
      • Jihadism
      • Worldwide caliphate
    • Post-Islamism
  • Muslim nationalism in South Asia
    • Khilafat movement
  • Pan-Islamism

Political Judaism

Political Neopaganism

  • Neopagan feminism
    • Reclaiming
  • Odalism
  • Slavic Native Faith
    • Praskozorje
    • Peterburgian Vedism
    • Ynglism
    • Zadrugism

Political Shinto

  • State Shinto
    • Showa Statism

Political Sikhism

Political Taoism

  • Huang–Lao
  • Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
  • Way of the Taiping

Political Zoroastrianism

  • Mazdakism

Satirical and anti-politics

General

  • Abstentionism
  • Apoliticism

Other

Religious variants

  • Political quietism

Regional variants

  • Australia
  • Belarus
  • Belgium
  • Canada
  • Czechoslovakia
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Estonia
  • Faroe Island
  • Germany
  • Hungary
  • Iceland
  • Iran
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • Malta
  • New Zealand
  • Netherlands
  • Norway
  • Poland
  • Romania
  • Serbia
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • United Kingdom
  • United States

Social democracy

Political internationals

General

  • Labourism
  • Marxism
  • Progressivism
    • Economic progressivism
    • Social progressivism
  • Reformism
    • Reformist socialism
      • Ethical socialism
      • Fabianism
      • Gradualism
      • Immediatism
      • Lassallism
      • Liberal socialism
      • Possibilism
      • Utopian socialism

Other

Opposition

  • Anti-welfarism
  • Lemon socialism
  • Social fascism

African

  • Egypt
  • Ghana
  • Guinea
  • Kenya
  • Tanzania
  • Tunisia

American

Asian

  • Bangladesh
  • China
  • Hong Kong
  • India
  • Indonesia
  • Iran
  • Israel
  • Japan
  • Korea
  • Kurdistan
  • Myanmar
  • Pakistan
  • Philippines
  • Syria

European

Oceanian

Socialism

Political internationals

General

Authoritarian

  • Arab socialism
    • Ba'athism
    • Nasserism
    • Third International Theory
  • African socialism
  • Barracks socialism
    • Nechayevshchina
  • Blanquism
  • Fitzhughism
  • Leninism
    • Democratic centralism
    • Marxism–Leninism
      • Brezhnevism
        • Real socialism
      • Castroism
      • Ceaușism
      • Dubčekism
      • Gorbachevism
      • Guevarism
        • Focalism
      • Ho Chi Minh Thought
      • Hoxhaism
      • Husakism
      • Juche
      • Kadarism
      • Khrushchevism
        • De-Stalinization
      • Maoism
        • Maoism–Third Worldism
          • Third Worldism
          • Third World socialism
        • Mao-Spontex
        • Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
          • Gonzalo Thought
          • Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path
        • Socialism with Chinese characteristics
          • Deng Xiaoping Theory
          • Mao Zedong Thought
          • Scientific Outlook on Development
          • Three Principles of the People
          • Three Represents
          • Xi Jinping Thought
      • Marxist–Leninist atheism
      • Scientific socialism
      • Stalinism
        • Anti-revisionism
        • Neo-Stalinism
        • Socialism in One Country
          • National communism
          • Socialist patriotism
            • Soviet socialist patriotism
        • Soviet anti-Zionism
      • Titoism
        • Đilasism
        • Rankovićism
        • Socialist nationalism
    • Trotskyism
      • Neo-Trotskyism
        • Pabloism
        • Posadism
        • Third camp Trotskyism
      • Orthodox Trotskyism
    • Vanguardism
    • War socialism
  • Nechayevism
  • Tkachevism

Libertarian

  • Anarchism
  • Communard movement
  • Communalism
  • Communism
  • Left-libertarianism
  • Marxism
    • Classical Marxism
      • Orthodox Marxism
        • Impossibilism
          • World Socialist Movement
        • Kautskyism
    • Libertarian Marxism
      • Autonomism
        • Workerism
      • Left communism
      • Mao-Spontex
      • Marxism–De Leonism
      • Neo-Trotskyism
        • Chaulieu–Montal tendency
        • Johnson–Forest tendency
        • Third camp
          • Shachtmanism
            • Left Shachtmanism
      • Open Marxism
    • Western Marxism
      • Austro-Marxism
      • Christofiasism
      • Frankfurt School
      • Freudo-Marxism
      • Hegelian Marxism
      • Marxist humanism
        • Budapest School
        • Praxis School
      • Neo-Marxism
        • Analytical Marxism
        • Conflict theories
          • Dependency theory
          • Social conflict theory
          • World-systems theory
        • Freudo–Marxism
        • Gramscianism
          • Neo-Gramscianism
        • Instrumental Marxism
        • Neue Marx-Lektüre
        • Political Marxism
        • Structural Marxism
      • Post-Marxism
        • Radical democracy
          • Abahlali baseMjondolo
          • Landless Workers' Movement
          • Piqueteros
          • Zapatistas
  • Syndicalism
    • De Leonism
    • Revolutionary syndicalism
    • Wobblyism
  • Third camp socialism

Other

  • Agrarian socialism
  • Centrist Marxism
  • Communitarianism
  • Copyleft
  • Eco-socialism
  • Economic egalitarianism
  • Economic progressivism
  • Ethical socialism
  • Guild socialism
  • International socialism
  • Kibbutz movement
  • Labourism
  • Liberal socialism
  • Market socialism
  • Marxist democracy
  • Millennial socialism
  • Municipal socialism
  • Queer socialism
  • Proto-socialism
  • Radicalism
  • Scientific socialism
  • Social egalitarianism
  • Social democracy
  • Socialism of the 21st century
  • Socialist feminism
    • Marxist feminism
  • Socialist nationalism
  • Socialist populism
  • Utopian socialism
    • Fourierism
    • Icarians
    • Owenism
    • Saint-Simonianism
  • World socialism

Opposition

  • Anti-socialism

Religious variants

  • Buddhist socialism
  • Christian socialism
  • Islamic socialism
    • Islamic Marxism
  • Jewish socialism
  • Mazdakism

African

  • Angola
  • Benin
  • Congo
  • Egypt
  • Eritrea
  • Ethiopia
  • Ghana
  • Guinea
  • Kenya
    • Kenya People's Union
  • Libya
    • Third International Theory
  • Madagascar
  • Mali
  • Mozambique
  • Senegal
  • Somalia
  • South Africa
    • Abahlali baseMjondolo
    • Trotskyism
  • Tanzania
  • Tunisia
  • Zanzibar

American

  • Caribbean
    • Granada
  • Latin America
    • Argentina
    • Bolivia
      • Fejuve
    • Brazil
      • Landless Workers' Movement
    • Chile
    • Colombia
    • Costa Rica
      • Figuerism
    • Ecuador
    • Mexico
    • Nicaragua
      • Sandinismo
    • Paraguay
    • Uruguay
    • Venezuela
  • North America
    • Canada
    • United States
      • African-American leftism
      • American Left

Asian

European

Oceanian

  • Australia
  • Melanesia
  • New Zealand

Syndicalism

Political internationals

General

Other

Opposition

Regional variants

  • Argentina
  • Brazil
  • France
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Netherlands
  • Norway
  • Russia
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • United Kingdom
  • United States

Transhumanism

Political internationals
  • Humanity+ (transhumanist politics)

General

  • Anarcho-transhumanism
  • Democratic transhumanism
  • Libertarian transhumanism

Other

  • Anti-aging movement
  • Extropianism
  • Immortalism
  • Post-genderism
  • Post-politicism
  • Singularitarianism
  • Technogaianism
  • Techno-progressivism

Regional variants

  • United States

See also

References

  1. Roberts, Andrew (2004). The State of Socialism: A Note on Terminology. Cambridge University Press. 63 (2). 349–366.
  2. D. McLellan, Ideology, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, p. 1.
  3. Bouchard, T. J.; McGue, M. (2003). "Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences". Journal of Neurobiology. 54 (1). 44–45.
  4. Eaves, L. J.; Eysenck, H. J. (1974). "Genetics and the development of social attitudes". Nature. 249, 288–289.
  5. Hatemi, P. K.; Medland, S. E.; Morley, K. I.; Heath, A. C.; Martin, N. G. (2007). "The genetics of voting: An Australian twin study". Behavior Genetics. 37 (3). 435–448.
  6. Hatemi, P. K.; Hibbing, J.; Alford, J.; Martin, N.; Eaves, L. (2009). "Is there a 'party' in your genes?". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3). 584–600.
  7. Settle, J. E.; Dawes, C. T.; Fowler, J. H. (2009). "The heritability of partisan attachment". Political Research Quarterly. 62 (3). 601–613.
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