Primary references

• Cavalier-Smith, T. 1993. Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla. Microbiological Reviews 57(4): 953–994. PMID: 8302218 PDF Reference page. 

Cavalier-Smith (1993)

From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla

In Phylum Heterokonta, Subphylum Heterokonta, Infraphylum Raphidoista
Superclass Dictyochia Haeckel, 1894 stat. nov. emend.

• Class Pedinellea
• Class Silicoflagellatea
• Class Oikomonadea
• Class Pelagophycea

Cavalier-Smith & Chao (1996)

Cavalier-Smith T., Chao E. E. (1996) 18S rRNA sequence of Heterosigma carterae (Raphidophyceae), and the phylogeny of heterokont algae (Ochrophyta). Phycologia 35: 500–510 Abstract DOI: 10.2216/i0031-8884-35-6-500.1

Kingdom Chromista

• Subkingdom Chromobiota (Cavalier-Smith 1991)
  • Infrakingdom Heterokonta
    • Phylum Ochrophyta Cavalier-Smith 1986 stat. nov. 1995 (syn. Ochrista Cavalier-Smith 1986 stat. nov. 1995)
      • Subphylum 1. Phaeista Cavalier-Smith 1995
        • Infraphylum 1. Hypogyrista Cavalier-Smith 1995
          • Superclass 2. Dictyochia Haeckel 1894 emend. stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1993
            • Class 1. Pelagophyceae Andersen et Saunders in Andersen et at. 1993
            • Class 2. Actinochrysophyceae Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith, Chao et Allsopp 1995 (original spelling Actinochrysea)
              • Subclass 1. Pedinellidae Cavalier-Smith 1986 stat. nov. 1995 (= Pedinellophycidae)
                • Order Rhizochromulinales
                • Order Ciliophryales (family Ciliophryaceae)
                • Order Pedinellales (families Pedinellaceae, Apedinellaceae and Actinomonadaceae)
              • Subclass 2. Silicophycidae Rothmaler stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1996 (= class Dictyochophyceae Silva 1980)

Mikrjukov & Patterson (2001)

Mikrjukov, K. A., & Patterson, D. J. (2001). Taxonomy and phylogeny of Heliozoa. III. Actinophryids. Acta Protozoologica, 40(1), 3-26,

Classification 1

• Superclass Dictyochia Haeckel, 1894
  • Class Pelagophyceae Andersen and Sanders, 1993
  • Class Actinochrysophyceae Cavalier-Smith, 1995
    • Subclass Silicophycidae Rothmaler, 1951
    • Subclass Abaxodinae subcl. n.
      • Superorder Rhizochromulinea O’Kelly and Wujek, 1995
      • Superorder Actinodinea superord. n.
        • Order Pedinellales Zimmermann et al., 1984
        • Order Ciliophryida Febvre-Chevalier, 1985
        • Order Actinophryida Hartmann, 1913

Classification 2

• [In stramenopiles: Superclass Dictyochia Haeckel, 1894]
  • pelagophytes [Class Pelagophyceae Andersen and Sanders, 1993]
  • Axodines [Class Actinochrysophyceae Cavalier-Smith, 1995]
    • Silicoflagellates [Subclass Silicophycidae Rothmaler, 1951]
    • Abodines [Subclass Abaxodinae subcl. n.]
      • Rhizochromulinids [Superorder Rhizochromulinea O’Kelly and Wujek, 1995]
      • Actinodines [Superorder Actinodinea superord. n.]
        • [Order Pedinellales Zimmermann et al., 1984, paraphyletic]
          • Pseudopedinella sm
          • Mesopedinella sm
          • Apedinella sm
          • Parapedinella sm
          • Unnamed taxon
            • Pedinella sm
            • Actinomonads
              • Pteridomonas
              • Actinomonas
              • Heliomonads
                • Ciliophrys [Order Ciliophryida Febvre-Chevalier, 1985]
                • Actinophryids [Order Actinophryida Hartmann, 1913]
                  • Actinophrys
                    • Actinophrys sol
                    • Actinophrys tauryanini
                    • Actinophrys salsuginosa
                    • Actinosphaerium
                      • Actinosphaerium eichhornii
                      • Actinosphaerium nucleofilum