Gymnophiona

Dermophis mexicanus

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Ordo: Gymnophiona
Familiae (10): Caeciliidae – Chikilidae – Dermophiidae – Grandisoniidae – Herpelidae – Ichthyophiidae – Rhinatrematidae – Scolecomorphidae – Siphonopidae – Typhlonectidae

Name

Gymnophiona Müller, 1832: 198

Synonymy

Apoda Oppel, 1811: 76 [Apoda Haworth, 1809 (Animalia, Lepidoptera)]

References

Primary references

Oppel, M. 1811. Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien als Prodrom einer Naturgeschichte derselben. Joseph Lindauer: München. XII + 86 pp. BHL Reference page.
Müller, J. 1832. Beiträge zur Anatomie und Naturgeschichte der Amphibien. I. Ueber die natürliche Eintheilung der Amphibien. Zeitschrift für Physiologie 4: 190–275, pl. 18–22. BHL

Additional references

Taylor, E.H. 1968. The Caecilians of the World: A Taxonomic Review. University of Kansas Press: Lawrence, Kansas. vii + 848 pp. Reference page.
Wake, M.H. 1993. Non-traditional characters in the assessment of caecilian phylogenetic relationships. Herpetological Monographs 7: 42–55. DOI: 10.2307/1466950 Reference page.
Hass, C.A., Nussbaum, R.A. & Maxson, L.R. 1993. Immunological insights into the evolutionary history of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona): Relationships of the Seychellean caecilians and a preliminary report on family level relationships. Herpetological Monographs 7: 56–63. DOI: 10.2307/1466951 Reference page.
Hedges, S.B., Nussbaum, R.A. & Maxson, L.R. 1993. Caecilian phylogeny and biogeography inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences of the 12s rRNA and 16S rRNA genes (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Herpetological Monographs 7: 64–76. DOI: 10.2307/1466952 Reference page.
Zardoya, R. & Meyer, A. 2000. Mitochondrial evidence on the phylogenetic position of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Genetics 155(2): 765–775. PDF Reference page.
San Mauro, D., Gower, D.J., Oommen, V., Wilkinson, M. & Zardoya, R. 2004. Phylogeny of caecilian amphibians (Gymnohiona) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear RAG1. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33(2): 413–427. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.05.014 Reference page.
Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P.E., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370. DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2 ; hdl: 2246/5781 . Reference page.
Zhang, P. & Wake, M.H. 2009. A mitogenomic perspective on the phylogeny and biogeography of living caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53(2): 479–491. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.018 Reference page.
San Mauro, D., Gower, D.J., Massingham, T., Wilkinson, M., Zardoya, R. & Cotton, J.A. 2009. Experimental Design in Caecilian Systematics: Phylogenetic Information of Mitochondrial Genomes and Nuclear rag1. Systematic Biology 58(4): 425–438. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syp043 Reference page.
Wilkinson, M., San Mauro, D., Sherratt, E. & Gower, D.J. 2011. A nine-family classification of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Zootaxa 2874(1): 41–64. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2874.1.3 Reference page.
Pyron, A.A. & Wiens, J.J. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2,800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61(2): 543–583. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012 Reference page.
Kamei, R.G., San Mauro, D., Gower, D.J., Van Bocxlaer, I., Sherratt, E., Thomas, A., Babu, S., Bossuyt, F., Wilkinson, M. & Biju, S.D. 2012. Discovery of a new family of amphibians from northeast India with ancient links to Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279(1737): 2396–2401. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0150 Reference page.
San Mauro, D., Gower, D.J., Cotton, J.A., Zardoya, R., Wilinson, M. & Massingham, T. 2012. Experimental design in phylogenetic: testing predictions from expected information. Systematic Biology 61(4): 661–674. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/sys028 Reference page.
San Mauro, D., Gower, D.J., Müller, H., Loader, S.P., Zardoya, R., Nussbaum, R.A. & Wilinson, M. 2014. Life-history evolution and mitogenomic phylogeny of caecilian amphibians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 73: 177–189. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.009 Reference page.
Maddock, S.T., Briscoe, A.G., Wilkinson, M., Waeschenbach, A., San Mauro, D., Day, J.J., Littlewood, D.T.J., Foster, P.G., Nussbaum, R.A. & Gower, D.J. 2016. Next-generation mitogenomics: a comparison of approaches applied to caecilian amphibian phylogeny. PLoS One 11(6): e0156757. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156757 Reference page.
Santos, R.O., Laurin, M. & Zaher, H. 2020. A review of the fossil record of caecilians (Lissamphibia: Gymnophionomorpha) with comments on its use to calibrate molecular timetrees. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131(4): 737–755. DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa148 Reference page.
Hime, P.M., Lemmon, A.R., Lemmon, E.M., Prendini, E., Brown, J.M., Thomson, R.C., Kratovil, J.D., Noonan, B.P., Pyron, R.A., Peloso, P.L.V., Kortyna, M.L., Keogh, J.S., Donnellan, S.C., Mueller, R.L., Raxworthy, C.J., Kunte, K., Ron, S.R., Das, S., Gaitonde, N., Green, D.M., Labisko, J., Che, J. & Weisrock, D.W. 2021. Phylogenomics reveals ancient gene tree discordance in the amphibian tree of life. Systematic Biology 70(1): 49–66 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa034 Reference page.

Links

Frost, D.R. 2021. Gymnophiona. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1 (25 July 2021). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. DOI: 10.5531/db.vz.0001

Gymnophiona – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names

беларуская: Бязногія земнаводныя
български: Безкраки
dansk: Ormepadder
Deutsch: Schleichenlurche
English: Caecilians
español: Gimnofiones
suomi: Matosammakot
français: Gymnophiones
magyar: Lábatlan kétéltűek
日本語: 無足目
Nederlands: Wormsalamanders
norsk: Ormepadder
polski: P?azybeznogie
português: Gimnofionos
svenska: Maskgroddjur
ไทย: เขียดงู
Türkçe: Bacaksız kurbağalar
中文: 无足目

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