πεῖρα
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to cross, pass”). Compare Old Armenian փորձ (pʿorj), Proto-Germanic *fēra- (“danger”), Old English fǣr, English fear. Akin to πείρω (peírō) and περάω (peráō).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pêː.ra/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpi.ra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpi.ra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpi.ra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpi.ra/
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ πεῖρᾰ hē peîra |
τὼ πείρᾱ tṑ peírā |
αἱ πεῖραι hai peîrai | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς πείρᾱς tês peírās |
τοῖν πείραιν toîn peírain |
τῶν πειρῶν tôn peirôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ πείρᾳ têi peírāi |
τοῖν πείραιν toîn peírain |
ταῖς πείραις taîs peírais | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν πεῖρᾰν tḕn peîran |
τὼ πείρᾱ tṑ peírā |
τᾱ̀ς πείρᾱς tā̀s peírās | ||||||||||
| Vocative | πεῖρᾰ peîra |
πείρᾱ peírā |
πεῖραι peîrai | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Further reading
- πεῖρα in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- πεῖρα in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- πεῖρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πεῖρα in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3984 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- attempt idem, page 50.
- effort idem, page 263.
- endeavour idem, page 272.
- enterprise idem, page 277.
- essay idem, page 282.
- experiment idem, page 294.
- foretaste idem, page 337.
- proof idem, page 653.
- test idem, page 863.
- trial idem, page 893.
- trying idem, page 899.
- undertaking idem, page 914.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 1162f
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