ϯ

ϯ	U+03EF, ϯ COPTIC SMALL LETTER DEI

← Ϯ
[U+03EE]

Greek and Coptic

ϰ →
[U+03F0]

Translingual

Letter

ϯ (upper case Ϯ)

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Coptic

Etymology 1

Hieroglyph

Demotic

Coptic

→

Ϯ

Letter

ϯ (ti) (lower case, upper case Ϯ)

The lower case letter ti (ϯ), the 31st and last letter of the Coptic alphabet.

Noun

ϯ (ti) m

ti; the name for the letter Ϯ, ϯ in the Coptic language.

Etymology 2

From Demotic ty, from Egyptian

(rdj), from earlier
(rḏj).

Verb

ϯ (ti) (nominal state ϯ, pronominal state ⲧⲏⲓ⸗ or ⲧⲁⲁ⸗ or ⲧⲁ⸗ or ⲧⲉⲉ⸗ or ⲧⲉⲉⲧ⸗, stative ⲧⲟ or ⲧⲟⲓ)

(Sahidic, Bohairic, Fayyumic, Akhmimic, Lycopolitan) to give

Verb

ϯ (ti)

(Sahidic, Bohairic, Fayyumic) Nominal state of ϯ (ti)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ϯ (Bohairic)(See Appendix:Coptic verbs)

		singular					plural			Nominative
infinitive		ⲉϯ eti	negative infinitive		ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϯ eštemti
imperative		ϯ ti	negative imperative		ⲙⲡⲉⲣϯ mperti
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
present	simple present	ϯϯ titi	ⲕϯ kti	ⲧⲉϯ teti	ϥϯ fti	ⲥϯ sti	ⲧⲉⲛϯ tenti	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ tetenti	ⲥⲉϯ seti	ϯ ti
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓϯ eiti	ⲉⲕϯ ekti	ⲉⲣⲉϯ ereti	ⲉϥϯ efti	ⲉⲥϯ esti	ⲉⲛϯ enti	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ eretenti	ⲉⲩϯ euti	ⲉⲣⲉ - ϯ ere - ti
	focalising	ⲁⲓϯ aiti	ⲁⲕϯ akti	ⲁⲣⲉϯ areti	ⲁϥϯ afti	ⲁⲥϯ asti	ⲁⲛϯ anti	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ aretenti	ⲁⲩϯ auti	ⲁⲣⲉ - ϯ are - ti
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓϯ naiti	ⲛⲁⲕϯ nakti	ⲛⲁⲣⲉϯ nareti	ⲛⲁϥϯ nafti	ⲛⲁⲥϯ nasti	ⲛⲁⲛϯ nanti	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ naretenti	ⲛⲁⲩϯ nauti	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ - ϯ nare - ti
	relative	ⲉϯϯ etiti	ⲉⲧⲉⲕϯ etekti	ⲉⲧⲉϯ eteti	ⲉⲧⲉϥϯ etefti	ⲉⲧⲉⲥϯ etesti	ⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ etenti	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ etetenti	ⲉⲧⲟⲩϯ etouti	ⲉⲧⲉ - ϯ ete - ti
future	simple future	ϯⲛⲁϯ tinati	ⲭⲛⲁϯ khnati	ⲧⲉⲛⲁϯ tenati	ϥⲛⲁϯ fnati	ⲥⲛⲁϯ snati	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϯ tennati	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϯ tetenati	ⲥⲉⲛⲁϯ senati	ⲛⲁϯ nati
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲛⲁϯ einati	ⲉⲭⲛⲁϯ ekhnati	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϯ erenati	ⲉϥⲛⲁϯ efnati	ⲉⲥⲛⲁϯ esnati	ⲉⲛⲛⲁϯ ennati	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϯ eretennati	ⲉⲩⲛⲁϯ eunati	ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϯ ere - nati
	focalising	ⲁⲓⲛⲁϯ ainati	ⲁⲭⲛⲁϯ akhnati	ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϯ arenati	ⲁϥⲛⲁϯ afnati	ⲁⲥⲛⲁϯ asnati	ⲁⲛⲛⲁϯ annati	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϯ aretennati	ⲁⲩⲛⲁϯ aunati	ⲁⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϯ are - nati
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϯ nainati	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϯ nakhnati	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϯ narenati	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϯ nafnati	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϯ nasnati	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϯ nannati	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϯ naretennati	ⲛaⲩⲛⲁϯ naunati	ⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϯ nare - nati
	unreal conditional	ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϯ enainati	ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϯ enakhnati	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϯ enarenati	ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϯ enafnati	ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϯ enasnati	ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϯ enannati	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϯ enaretennati	ⲉⲛaⲩⲛⲁϯ enaunati	ⲉⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁϯ enare - nati
	relative	ⲉϯⲛⲁϯ etinati	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϯ etekhnati	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϯ etenati	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϯ etefnati	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϯ etesnati	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϯ etennati	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϯ etetennati	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϯ etounati	ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲛⲁϯ ete - nati
Non-durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
past	affirmative	ⲁⲓϯ aiti	ⲁⲕϯ akti	ⲁⲣⲉϯ areti	ⲁϥϯ afti	ⲁⲥϯ asti	ⲁⲛϯ anti	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ aretenti	ⲁⲩϯ auti	ⲁ - ϯ a - ti
	negative	ⲙⲡⲓϯ mpiti	ⲙⲡⲉⲕϯ mpekti	ⲙⲡⲉϯ mpeti	ⲙⲡⲉϥϯ mpefti	ⲙⲡⲉⲥϯ mpesti	ⲙⲡⲉⲛϯ mpenti	ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ mpetenti	ⲙⲡⲟⲩϯ mpouti	ⲙⲡⲉ - ϯ mpe - ti
	affirmative preterite	ⲛⲉⲁⲓϯ neaiti	ⲛⲉⲁⲕϯ neakti	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϯ neareti	ⲛⲉⲁϥϯ neafti	ⲛⲉⲁⲥϯ neasti	ⲛⲉⲁⲛϯ neanti	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ nearetenti	ⲛⲉⲁⲩϯ neauti	ⲛⲉⲁ - ϯ nea - ti
	negative preterite	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϯ nempiti	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϯ nempekti	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϯ nempeti	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϯ nempefti	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϯ nempesti	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϯ nempenti	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ nempetenti	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϯ nempouti	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ - ϯ nempe - ti
	circumstantial	ⲉⲁⲓϯ eaiti	ⲉⲁⲕϯ eakti	ⲉⲁϯ eati	ⲉⲁϥϯ eafti	ⲉⲁⲥϯ easti	ⲉⲁⲛϯ eanti	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ eatetenti	ⲉⲁⲩϯ eauti	ⲉⲁ - ϯ ea - ti
	focalising, relative, precursive	ⲉⲧⲁⲓϯ etaiti	ⲉⲧⲁⲕϯ etakti	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϯ etareti	ⲉⲧⲁϥϯ etafti	ⲉⲧⲁⲥϯ etasti	ⲉⲧⲁⲛϯ etanti	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ etaretenti	ⲉⲧⲁⲩϯ etauti	ⲉⲧⲁ - ϯ eta - ti
aorist	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓϯ šaiti	ϣⲁⲕϯ šakti	ϣⲁⲣⲉϯ šareti	ϣⲁϥϯ šafti	ϣⲁⲥϯ šasti	ϣⲁⲛϯ šanti	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ šaretenti	ϣⲁⲩϯ šauti	ϣⲁⲣⲉ - ϯ šare - ti
aorist	negative	ⲙⲡⲁⲓϯ mpaiti	ⲙⲡⲁⲕϯ mpakti	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉϯ mpareti	ⲙⲡⲁϥϯ mpafti	ⲙⲡⲁⲥϯ mpasti	ⲙⲡⲁⲛϯ mpanti	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ mparetenti	ⲙⲡⲁⲩϯ mpauti	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉ - ϯ mpare - ti
optative	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉϯ eieti	ⲉⲕⲉϯ eketi	ⲉⲣⲉϯ ereti	ⲉϥⲉϯ efeti	ⲉⲥⲉϯ eseti	ⲉⲛⲉϯ eneti	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϯ ereteneti	ⲉⲩⲉϯ eueti	ⲉⲣⲉ - ϯ ere - ti
optative	negative	ⲛⲛⲁϯ nnati	ⲛⲛⲉⲕϯ nnekti	ⲛⲛⲉϯ nneti	ⲛⲛⲉϥϯ nnefti	ⲛⲛⲉⲥϯ nnesti	ⲛⲛⲉⲛϯ nnenti	ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ nnetenti	ⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ nnouti	ⲛⲛⲉ - ϯ nne - ti
jussive, causative	affirmative jussive	ⲙⲁⲣⲓϯ mariti	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲕϯ marekti	ⲙⲁⲣⲉϯ mareti	ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϯ marefti	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϯ maresti	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϯ marenti	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ maretenti	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϯ marouti	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ - ϯ mare - ti
	affirmative causative	ⲑⲣⲓϯ thriti	ⲑⲣⲉⲕϯ threkti	ⲑⲣⲉϯ threti	ⲑⲣⲉϥϯ threfti	ⲑⲣⲉⲥϯ thresti	ⲑⲣⲉⲛϯ threnti	ⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ thretenti	ⲑⲣⲟⲩϯ throuti	ⲑⲣⲉ - ϯ thre - ti
	negative jussive, negative causative	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϯ mpenthriti	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲕϯ mpenthrekti	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϯ mpenthreti	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϯ mpenthrefti	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϯ mpenthresti	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϯ mpenthrenti	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ mpenthretenti	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩϯ mpenthrouti	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ - ϯ mpenthre - ti
Subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
real conditional	affirmative	ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϯ aišanti	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϯ akšanti	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϯ arešanti	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϯ afšanti	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϯ asšanti	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϯ anšanti	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϯ aretenšanti	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϯ aušanti	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ - ϯ arešan - ti
real conditional	negative	ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙϯ aištemti	ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϯ akštemti	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϯ areštemti	ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙϯ afštemti	ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙϯ asštemti	ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϯ anštemti	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϯ aretenštemti	ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϯ auštemti	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ϯ areštem - ti
conjunctive	affirmative	ⲛⲧⲁϯ ntati	ⲛⲧⲉⲕϯ ntekti	ⲛⲧⲉϯ nteti	ⲛⲧⲉϥϯ ntefti	ⲛⲧⲉⲥϯ ntesti	ⲛⲧⲉⲛϯ ntenti	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ ntetenti	ⲛⲥⲉϯ, ⲛⲧⲟⲩϯ nseti, ntouti	ⲛⲧⲉ - ϯ nte - ti
conjunctive	negative	ⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ntaštemti	ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ntekštemti	ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϯ nteštemti	ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ntefštemti	ⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ntesštemti	ⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ntenštemti	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ntetenštemti	ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϯ ntouštemti	ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ϯ nteštem - ti
limitive, expectative	limitative	ϣⲁϯϯ šatiti	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϯ šatekti	ϣⲁⲧⲉϯ šateti	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϯ šatefti	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϯ šatesti	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϯ šatenti	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ šatetenti	ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϯ šatouti	ϣⲁⲧⲉ - ϯ šate - ti
limitive, expectative	expectative	ⲙⲡⲁϯϯ mpatiti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϯ mpatekti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϯ mpateti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϯ mpatefti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϯ mpatesti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϯ mpatenti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ mpatetenti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϯ mpatouti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ - ϯ mpate - ti

Conjugation of ϯ (Fayyumic)

		singular					plural			Nominative
infinitive		ⲉϯ eti	negative infinitive		ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϯ eštemti
imperative		ϯ ti	negative imperative		ⲙⲡⲉⲗϯ mpelti
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟ	ⲛⲧⲟϥ	ⲛⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲟⲩ	-
present	simple present	ϯϯ titi	ⲕϯ kti	ⲧⲉϯ teti	ϥϯ fti	ⲥϯ sti	ⲧⲉⲛϯ tenti	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ tetenti	ⲥⲉϯ seti	ϯ ti
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓϯ eiti	ⲉⲕϯ ekti	ⲉⲗⲉϯ eleti	ⲉϥϯ efti	ⲉⲥϯ esti	ⲉⲛϯ enti	ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ eletenti	ⲉⲩϯ euti	ⲉⲗⲉ - ϯ ele - ti
	focalising	ⲁⲓϯ aiti	ⲁⲕϯ akti	ⲁⲗⲉϯ aleti	ⲁϥϯ afti	ⲁⲥϯ asti	ⲁⲛϯ anti	ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ aletenti	ⲁⲩϯ auti	ⲁⲗⲉ - ϯ ale - ti
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓϯ naiti	ⲛⲁⲕϯ nakti	ⲛⲁⲗⲉϯ naleti	ⲛⲁϥϯ nafti	ⲛⲁⲥϯ nasti	ⲛⲁⲛϯ nanti	ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ naletenti	ⲛⲁⲩϯ nauti	ⲛⲁⲗⲉ - ϯ nale - ti
	relative	ⲉϯϯ etiti	ⲉⲧⲉⲕϯ etekti	ⲉⲧⲉϯ eteti	ⲉⲧⲉϥϯ etefti	ⲉⲧⲉⲥϯ etesti	ⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ etenti	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ etetenti	ⲉⲧⲟⲩϯ etouti	ⲉⲧⲉ - ϯ ete - ti
future	simple future	ϯⲛⲉϯ tineti	ⲕⲛⲉϯ kneti	ⲧⲉⲛⲉϯ teneti	ϥⲛⲉϯ fneti	ⲥⲛⲉϯ sneti	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϯ tenneti	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϯ teteneti	ⲥⲉⲛⲉϯ seneti	ⲛⲉϯ neti
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲛⲉϯ eineti	ⲉⲕⲛⲉϯ ekneti	ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉϯ eleneti	ⲉϥⲛⲉϯ efneti	ⲉⲥⲛⲉϯ esneti	ⲉⲛⲛⲉϯ enneti	ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϯ eletenneti	ⲉⲩⲛⲉϯ euneti	ⲉⲗⲉ - ⲛⲉϯ ele - neti
	focalising	ⲁⲓⲛⲉϯ aineti	ⲁⲕⲛⲉϯ akneti	ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϯ aleneti	ⲁϥⲛⲉϯ afneti	ⲁⲥⲛⲉϯ asneti	ⲁⲛⲛⲉϯ anneti	ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϯ aletenneti	ⲁⲩⲛⲉϯ auneti	ⲁⲗⲉ - ⲛⲉϯ ale - neti
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉϯ naineti	ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉϯ nakneti	ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϯ naleneti	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉϯ nafneti	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉϯ nasneti	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉϯ nanneti	ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϯ naletenneti	ⲛaⲩⲛⲉϯ nauneti	ⲛaⲗⲉ - ⲛⲉϯ nale - neti
	relative	ⲉϯⲛⲉϯ etineti	ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉϯ etekneti	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϯ eteneti	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉϯ etefneti	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉϯ etesneti	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϯ etenneti	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϯ etetenneti	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϯ etouneti	ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲛⲉϯ ete - neti
Non-durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟ	ⲛⲧⲟϥ	ⲛⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲟⲩ	-
past	affirmative	ⲁⲓϯ aiti	ⲁⲕϯ akti	ⲁⲗⲉϯ aleti	ⲁϥϯ afti	ⲁⲥϯ asti	ⲁⲛϯ anti	ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ aletenti	ⲁⲩϯ auti	ⲁ - ϯ a - ti
	negative	ⲙⲡⲓϯ mpiti	ⲙⲡⲉⲕϯ mpekti	ⲙⲡⲉϯ mpeti	ⲙⲡⲉϥϯ mpefti	ⲙⲡⲉⲥϯ mpesti	ⲙⲡⲉⲛϯ mpenti	ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ mpetenti	ⲙⲡⲟⲩϯ mpouti	ⲙⲡⲉ - ϯ mpe - ti
	circumstantial	ⲉⲁⲓϯ eaiti	ⲉⲁⲕϯ eakti	ⲉⲁϯ eati	ⲉⲁϥϯ eafti	ⲉⲁⲥϯ easti	ⲉⲁⲛϯ eanti	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ eatetenti	ⲉⲁⲩϯ eauti	ⲉⲁ - ϯ ea - ti
	focalising, relative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓϯ etaiti	ⲉⲧⲁⲕϯ etakti	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϯ etareti	ⲉⲧⲁϥϯ etafti	ⲉⲧⲁⲥϯ etasti	ⲉⲧⲁⲛϯ etanti	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ etaretenti	ⲉⲧⲁⲩϯ etauti	ⲉⲧⲁ - ϯ eta - ti
aorist	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓϯ šaiti	ϣⲁⲕϯ šakti	ϣⲁⲗⲉϯ šaleti	ϣⲁϥϯ šafti	ϣⲁⲥϯ šasti	ϣⲁⲛϯ šanti	ϣⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ šaletenti	ϣⲁⲩϯ šauti	ϣⲁⲗⲉ - ϯ šale - ti
aorist	negative	ⲙⲉⲓϯ meiti	ⲙⲉⲕϯ mekti	ⲙⲉⲗⲉϯ meleti	ⲙⲉϥϯ mefti	ⲙⲉⲥϯ mesti	ⲙⲉⲛϯ menti	ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ meletenti	ⲙⲉⲩϯ meuti	ⲙⲉⲗⲉ - ϯ mele - ti
optative	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉϯ eieti	ⲉⲕⲉϯ eketi	ⲉⲗⲉϯ eleti	ⲉϥⲉϯ efeti	ⲉⲥⲉϯ eseti	ⲉⲛⲉϯ eneti	ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϯ eleteneti	ⲉⲩⲉϯ eueti	ⲉⲗⲉ - ϯ ele - ti
optative	negative	ⲛⲛⲁϯ nnati	ⲛⲛⲉⲕϯ nnekti	ⲛⲛⲉϯ nneti	ⲛⲛⲉϥϯ nnefti	ⲛⲛⲉⲥϯ nnesti	ⲛⲛⲉⲛϯ nnenti	ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ nnetenti	ⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ nnouti	ⲛⲛⲉ - ϯ nne - ti
causative	affirmative causative	ⲙⲁⲗⲓϯ maliti	ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲕϯ malekti	ⲙⲁⲗⲉϯ maleti	ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥϯ malefti	ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥϯ malesti	ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛϯ malenti	ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ maletenti	ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩϯ malouti	ⲙⲁⲗⲉ - ϯ male - ti
causative	negative causative	ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓϯ mpeltriti	ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲕϯ mpeltrekti	ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϯ mpeltreti	ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥϯ mpeltrefti	ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥϯ mpeltresti	ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛϯ mpeltrenti	ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ mpeltretenti	ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲟⲩϯ mpeltrouti	ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ - ϯ mpeltre - ti
Subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟ	ⲛⲧⲟϥ	ⲛⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲟⲩ	-
precursive		ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓϯ nteliti	ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕϯ ntelekti	ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϯ nteleti	ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥϯ ntelefti	ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥϯ ntelesti	ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛϯ ntelenti	ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ nteletenti	ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩϯ ntelouti	ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ - ϯ ntele - ti
conjunctive		ⲛⲧⲁϯ ntati	ⲛⲕϯ nkti	ⲛⲧⲉϯ nteti	ⲛⲧⲉϥϯ ntefti	ⲛⲧⲉⲥϯ ntesti	ⲛⲧⲉⲛϯ ntenti	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ ntetenti	ⲛⲥⲉϯ, ⲛⲧⲟⲩϯ nseti, ntouti	ⲛⲧⲉ - ϯ nte - ti
future conjunctive		ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓϯ ntaliti	ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕϯ ntalekti	ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϯ ntaleti	ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥϯ ntalefti	ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥϯ ntalesti	ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛϯ ntalenti	ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ ntaletenti	ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩϯ ntalouti	ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϯ ntaleti
conditional		ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϯ aišanti	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϯ akšanti	ⲁⲗⲉϣⲁⲛϯ alešanti	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϯ afšanti	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϯ asšanti	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϯ anšanti	ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϯ aletenšanti	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϯ aušanti	ⲁⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ - ϯ alešan - ti
limitive, expectative	limitative	ϣⲁⲛϯϯ šantiti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕϯ šantekti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϯ šanteti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥϯ šantefti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥϯ šantesti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛϯ šantenti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ šantetenti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϯ šantouti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ - ϯ šante - ti
limitive, expectative	expectative	ⲙⲡⲁϯϯ mpatiti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϯ mpatekti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϯ mpateti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϯ mpatefti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϯ mpatesti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϯ mpatenti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯ mpatetenti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϯ mpatouti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ - ϯ mpate - ti

Conjugation of ϯ (Sahidic)

		singular					plural			Nominative
infinitive		ⲉϯ eti	negative infinitive	ⲉⲧⲙϯ etmti
imperative		ϯ ti	negative imperative	ⲙⲡⲣϯ mprti
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟ	ⲛⲧⲟϥ	ⲛⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ	ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ
present	-	ϯϯ titi	ⲕϯ kti	ⲧⲉϯ teti	ϥϯ fti	ⲥϯ sti	ⲧⲛϯ tnti	ⲧⲉⲧⲛϯ tetnti	ⲥⲉϯ seti	ϯ ti
	focalising	ⲉⲓϯ eiti	ⲉⲕϯ ekti	ⲉⲣⲉϯ ereti	ⲉϥϯ efti	ⲉⲥϯ esti	ⲉⲛϯ enti	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛϯ etetnti	ⲉⲩϯ euti	ⲉⲣⲉϯ ereti
	preterite	ⲛⲉⲓϯ neiti	ⲛⲉⲕϯ nekti	ⲛⲉⲣⲉϯ nereti	ⲛⲉϥϯ nefti	ⲛⲉⲥϯ nesti	ⲛⲉⲛϯ nenti	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛϯ netetnti	ⲛⲉⲩϯ neuti	ⲛⲉⲣⲉϯ nereti
	relative	ⲉϯϯ etiti	ⲉⲧⲕϯ etkti	ⲉⲧⲉϯ eteti	ⲉⲧϥϯ etfti	ⲉⲧⲥϯ etsti	ⲉⲧⲛϯ etnti	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛϯ etetnti	ⲉⲧⲥϯ etsti	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϯ etereti
future	-	ϯⲛⲁϯ tinati	ⲕⲛⲁϯ knati	ⲧⲉⲛⲁϯ tenati	ϥⲛⲁϯ fnati	ⲥⲛⲁϯ snati	ⲧⲛⲛⲁϯ tnnati	ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϯ tetnati	ⲥⲉⲛⲁϯ senati
	focalising	ⲉⲓⲛⲁϯ einati	ⲉⲕⲛⲁϯ eknati	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϯ erenati	ⲉϥⲛⲁϯ efnati	ⲉⲥⲛⲁϯ esnati	ⲉⲛⲛⲁϯ ennati	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁϯ etetnnati	ⲉⲩⲛⲁϯ eunati	ⲉⲣⲉϯ ereti
	preterite	ⲛⲉⲓⲛⲁϯ neinati	ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϯ neknati	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϯ nerenati	ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϯ nefnati	ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϯ nesnati	ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϯ nennati	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁϯ netetnnati	ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϯ neunati	ⲛⲉⲣⲉϯ nereti
Non-durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟ	ⲛⲧⲟϥ	ⲛⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ	ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ
past	affirmative	ⲁⲓϯ aiti	ⲁⲕϯ akti	ⲁⲣⲉϯ areti	ⲁϥϯ afti	ⲁⲥϯ asti	ⲁⲛϯ anti	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛϯ atetnti	ⲁⲩϯ auti	ⲁϯ ati
	negative	ⲙⲡⲓϯ mpiti	ⲙⲡⲉⲕϯ mpekti	ⲙⲡⲉϯ mpeti	ⲙⲡⲉϥϯ mpefti	ⲙⲡⲉⲥϯ mpesti	ⲙⲡⲛϯ mpnti	ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛϯ mpetnti	ⲙⲡⲟⲩϯ mpouti	ⲙⲡⲉϯ mpeti
	focalising	ⲛⲧⲁⲓϯ ntaiti	ⲛⲧⲁⲕϯ ntakti	ⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϯ ntareti	ⲛⲧⲁϥϯ ntafti	ⲛⲧⲁⲥϯ ntasti	ⲛⲧⲁⲛϯ ntanti	ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲛϯ ntatnti	ⲛⲧⲁⲩϯ ntauti	ⲛⲧⲁϯ ntati
	relative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓϯ entaiti	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϯ entakti	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϯ entareti	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϯ entafti	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϯ entasti	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϯ entanti	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲛϯ entatnti	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϯ entauti	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϯ entati
not yet		ⲙⲡⲁϯϯ mpatiti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲕϯ mpatkti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϯ mpateti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧϥϯ mpatfti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲥϯ mpatsti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲛϯ mpatnti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛϯ mpatetnti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϯ mpatouti	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϯ mpateti
aorist	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓϯ šaiti	ϣⲁⲕϯ šakti	ϣⲁⲣϯ šarti	ϣⲁϥϯ šafti	ϣⲁⲥϯ šasti	ϣⲁⲛϯ šanti	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛϯ šatetnti	ϣⲁⲩϯ šauti	ϣⲁⲣⲉϯ šareti
aorist	negative	ⲙⲉⲓϯ meiti	ⲙⲉⲕϯ mekti	ⲙⲉⲣⲉϯ mereti	ⲙⲉϥϯ mefti	ⲙⲉⲥϯ mesti	ⲙⲉⲛϯ menti	ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛϯ metetnti	ⲙⲉⲩϯ meuti	ⲙⲉⲣⲉϯ mereti
optative	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉϯ eieti	ⲉⲕⲉϯ eketi	ⲉⲣⲉϯ ereti	ⲉϥⲉϯ efeti	ⲉⲥⲉϯ eseti	ⲉⲛⲉϯ eneti	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϯ etetneti	ⲉⲩⲉϯ eueti	ⲉⲣⲉϯ ereti
optative	negative	ⲛⲛⲁϯ nnati	ⲛⲛⲉⲕϯ nnekti	ⲛⲛⲉϯ nneti	ⲛⲛⲉϥϯ nnefti	ⲛⲛⲉⲥϯ nnesti	ⲛⲛⲉⲛϯ nnenti	ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲛϯ nnetnti	ⲛⲛⲉⲩϯ nneuti	ⲛⲛⲉϯ nneti
affirmative jussive		ⲙⲁⲣⲓϯ mariti			ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϯ marefti	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϯ maresti	ⲙⲁⲣⲛϯ marnti		ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϯ marouti	ⲙⲁⲣⲉϯ mareti
negative jussive, negative causative		ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲁϯ mprtrati			ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉϥϯ mprtrefti	ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲥϯ mprtresti	ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲛϯ mprtrenti		ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲩϯ mprtreuti	ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉϯ mprtreti
Subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟ	ⲛⲧⲟϥ	ⲛⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ	ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ
precursive		ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲓϯ nteriti	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϯ nterekti	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉϯ ntereti	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϯ nterefti	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϯ nteresti	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϯ nterenti	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛϯ nteretnti	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϯ nterouti	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉϯ ntereti
conditional		ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛϯ eišanti	ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϯ ekšanti	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϯ eršanti	ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϯ efšanti	ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϯ esšanti	ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϯ enšanti	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛϣⲁⲛϯ etetnšanti	ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϯ eušanti	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϯ eršanti
limitative		ϣⲁⲛⲧⲓϯ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲁϯ šantiti, šantati	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕϯ šantkti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϯ šanteti	ϣⲁⲛⲧϥϯ šantfti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥϯ šantsti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛϯ šantnti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛϯ šantetnti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϯ šantouti	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϯ šanteti
conjunctive		ⲛⲧⲓϯ, ⲛⲧⲁϯ ntiti, ntati	ⲛⲧⲅϯ ntgti	ⲛⲧⲉϯ nteti	ⲛϥϯ nfti	ⲛⲥϯ nsti	ⲛⲧⲛϯ ntnti	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛϯ ntetnti	ⲛⲥⲉϯ nseti	ⲛⲧⲉϯ nteti
future conjunctive		ⲧⲁϯ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓϯ tati, tariti	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϯ tarekti	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϯ tareti	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϯ tarefti	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϯ taresti	ⲧⲁⲣⲛϯ tarnti	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛϯ taretnti	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϯ tarouti	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϯ tareti

Alternative forms

ⲧⲉ (te) – Akhmimic

Antonyms

ϭⲓ

References

Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 178

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