ղ

• IPA^(key): [ʁ]

• Audio

  (file)

ղ lowercase (uppercase Ղ)

1. The 18th letter of Armenian alphabet, called ղատ (łat).
   Represents:

   velarized alveolar lateral approximant: [ɫ] in Old Armenian. Transliterated as ł.

   voiced uvular fricative: [ʁ] in Eastern Armenian. Transliterated as ġ.

   voiced uvular fricative: [ʁ] in Western Armenian. Transliterated as ġ.

2. The numeral 90 in Armenian numbering.

The pronunciation of this letter has changed considerably since classical Old Armenian. The oldest pronunciation was an l-like sound (hear it). Hence the spellings like Պաղեստին (Pałestin), Ղուկաս (Łukas), մետաղ (metał). It turned into [ʁ] (hear it) around the 10-11th centuries.

• (The Armenian script): Աա   Բբ   Գգ   Դդ   Եե   Զզ   Էէ   Ըը   Թթ   Ժժ   Իի   Լլ   Խխ   Ծծ   Կկ   Հհ   Ձձ   Ղղ   Ճճ   Մմ   Յյ   Նն   Շշ   Ոո   Չչ   Պպ   Ջջ   Ռռ   Սս   Վվ   Տտ   Րր   Ցց   Ււ   Փփ   Քք   Օօ   Ֆֆ
• (Letter combinations): ու   և   ﬔ   ﬕ   ﬓ   ﬗ   ﬖ
• (Punctuation):  ՙ    ՚   ՛   ՜   ՝   ՞   ՟   ․   ։   ֊
• (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍

• Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, § 1.1.2.2, page 18