قير

See also: قیر‎‎

Arabic

قِير

Alternative forms

قَار‎ (qār)

Etymology

Borrowed from Aramaic קִירָא‎ /‎ ܩܝܪܐ‎ (qīrā, “bitumen; wax”) (also ܩܐܪܐ‎ (qārā)), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇒𒉈 (/qīru/, “bitumen”); uncertain relation to Ancient Greek κηρός (kērós, “wax”), Latin cēra (“wax”) which stem from an unknown substrate. Likely ultimately related to Akkadian 𒌋𒀜 (/kīru/, “kiln”) from Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir, “kiln”), which also gave rise to Aramaic גִירָא‎,ܓܝܪ‎ܐ‎ (gīrā, “lime”), and Arabic جِير‎ (jīr, “lime”).

Noun

قِير • (qīr) m

tar; asphalt

Declension

Declension of noun قِير (qīr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قِير qīr	الْقِير‎ al-qīr	قِير qīr
Nominative	قِيرٌ qīrun	الْقِيرُ‎ al-qīru	قِيرُ qīru
Accusative	قِيرًا‎ qīran	الْقِيرَ‎ al-qīra	قِيرَ qīra
Genitive	قِيرٍ qīrin	الْقِيرِ‎ al-qīri	قِيرِ qīri

Derived terms

قِيرِيّ‎ (qīriyy, “tarry, bituminous”)
قَيَّرَ‎ (qayyara, “to tar, to asphalt”)
قَوَّرَ‎ (qawwara, “to tar, to asphalt”)
تَقَيَّرَ‎ (taqayyara, “to be tarred”)
قَيَّار‎ (qayyār, “having tar or asphalt; who works with tar”)

Verb

قَيَّرَ • (qayyara) II, non-past يُقَيِّرُ‎‎ (yuqayyiru)

to tar, to asphalt

Conjugation

Conjugation of

قَيَّرَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَقْيِير‎ taqyīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُقَيِّر‎ muqayyir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُقَيَّر‎ muqayyar
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قَيَّرْتُ‎ qayyartu	قَيَّرْتَ‎ qayyarta	قَيَّرَ qayyara	قَيَّرْتُمَا‎ qayyartumā	قَيَّرَا‎ qayyarā	قَيَّرْنَا‎ qayyarnā	قَيَّرْتُمْ‎ qayyartum	قَيَّرُوا‎ qayyarū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	قَيَّرْتُ‎ qayyartu	قَيَّرْتِ‎ qayyarti	قَيَّرَتْ‎ qayyarat	قَيَّرْتُمَا‎ qayyartumā	قَيَّرَتَا‎ qayyaratā	قَيَّرْنَا‎ qayyarnā	قَيَّرْتُنَّ‎ qayyartunna	قَيَّرْنَ‎ qayyarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُقَيِّرُ‎ ʾuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرُ‎ tuqayyiru	يُقَيِّرُ‎ yuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرَانِ‎ tuqayyirāni	يُقَيِّرَانِ‎ yuqayyirāni	نُقَيِّرُ‎ nuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرُونَ‎ tuqayyirūna	يُقَيِّرُونَ‎ yuqayyirūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أُقَيِّرُ‎ ʾuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرِينَ‎ tuqayyirīna	تُقَيِّرُ‎ tuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرَانِ‎ tuqayyirāni	تُقَيِّرَانِ‎ tuqayyirāni	نُقَيِّرُ‎ nuqayyiru	تُقَيِّرْنَ‎ tuqayyirna	يُقَيِّرْنَ‎ yuqayyirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَيِّرَ‎ ʾuqayyira	تُقَيِّرَ‎ tuqayyira	يُقَيِّرَ‎ yuqayyira	تُقَيِّرَا‎ tuqayyirā	يُقَيِّرَا‎ yuqayyirā	نُقَيِّرَ‎ nuqayyira	تُقَيِّرُوا‎ tuqayyirū	يُقَيِّرُوا‎ yuqayyirū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُقَيِّرَ‎ ʾuqayyira	تُقَيِّرِي‎ tuqayyirī	تُقَيِّرَ‎ tuqayyira	تُقَيِّرَا‎ tuqayyirā	تُقَيِّرَا‎ tuqayyirā	نُقَيِّرَ‎ nuqayyira	تُقَيِّرْنَ‎ tuqayyirna	يُقَيِّرْنَ‎ yuqayyirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَيِّرْ‎ ʾuqayyir	تُقَيِّرْ‎ tuqayyir	يُقَيِّرْ‎ yuqayyir	تُقَيِّرَا‎ tuqayyirā	يُقَيِّرَا‎ yuqayyirā	نُقَيِّرْ‎ nuqayyir	تُقَيِّرُوا‎ tuqayyirū	يُقَيِّرُوا‎ yuqayyirū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُقَيِّرْ‎ ʾuqayyir	تُقَيِّرِي‎ tuqayyirī	تُقَيِّرْ‎ tuqayyir	تُقَيِّرَا‎ tuqayyirā	تُقَيِّرَا‎ tuqayyirā	نُقَيِّرْ‎ nuqayyir	تُقَيِّرْنَ‎ tuqayyirna	يُقَيِّرْنَ‎ yuqayyirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		قَيِّرْ qayyir		قَيِّرَا‎ qayyirā			قَيِّرُوا‎ qayyirū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		قَيِّرِي‎ qayyirī		قَيِّرَا‎ qayyirā			قَيِّرْنَ‎ qayyirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قُيِّرْتُ‎ quyyirtu	قُيِّرْتَ‎ quyyirta	قُيِّرَ quyyira	قُيِّرْتُمَا‎ quyyirtumā	قُيِّرَا‎ quyyirā	قُيِّرْنَا‎ quyyirnā	قُيِّرْتُمْ‎ quyyirtum	قُيِّرُوا‎ quyyirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	قُيِّرْتُ‎ quyyirtu	قُيِّرْتِ‎ quyyirti	قُيِّرَتْ‎ quyyirat	قُيِّرْتُمَا‎ quyyirtumā	قُيِّرَتَا‎ quyyiratā	قُيِّرْنَا‎ quyyirnā	قُيِّرْتُنَّ‎ quyyirtunna	قُيِّرْنَ‎ quyyirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُقَيَّرُ‎ ʾuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرُ‎ tuqayyaru	يُقَيَّرُ‎ yuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرَانِ‎ tuqayyarāni	يُقَيَّرَانِ‎ yuqayyarāni	نُقَيَّرُ‎ nuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرُونَ‎ tuqayyarūna	يُقَيَّرُونَ‎ yuqayyarūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أُقَيَّرُ‎ ʾuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرِينَ‎ tuqayyarīna	تُقَيَّرُ‎ tuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرَانِ‎ tuqayyarāni	تُقَيَّرَانِ‎ tuqayyarāni	نُقَيَّرُ‎ nuqayyaru	تُقَيَّرْنَ‎ tuqayyarna	يُقَيَّرْنَ‎ yuqayyarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَيَّرَ‎ ʾuqayyara	تُقَيَّرَ‎ tuqayyara	يُقَيَّرَ‎ yuqayyara	تُقَيَّرَا‎ tuqayyarā	يُقَيَّرَا‎ yuqayyarā	نُقَيَّرَ‎ nuqayyara	تُقَيَّرُوا‎ tuqayyarū	يُقَيَّرُوا‎ yuqayyarū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُقَيَّرَ‎ ʾuqayyara	تُقَيَّرِي‎ tuqayyarī	تُقَيَّرَ‎ tuqayyara	تُقَيَّرَا‎ tuqayyarā	تُقَيَّرَا‎ tuqayyarā	نُقَيَّرَ‎ nuqayyara	تُقَيَّرْنَ‎ tuqayyarna	يُقَيَّرْنَ‎ yuqayyarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَيَّرْ‎ ʾuqayyar	تُقَيَّرْ‎ tuqayyar	يُقَيَّرْ‎ yuqayyar	تُقَيَّرَا‎ tuqayyarā	يُقَيَّرَا‎ yuqayyarā	نُقَيَّرْ‎ nuqayyar	تُقَيَّرُوا‎ tuqayyarū	يُقَيَّرُوا‎ yuqayyarū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُقَيَّرْ‎ ʾuqayyar	تُقَيَّرِي‎ tuqayyarī	تُقَيَّرْ‎ tuqayyar	تُقَيَّرَا‎ tuqayyarā	تُقَيَّرَا‎ tuqayyarā	نُقَيَّرْ‎ nuqayyar	تُقَيَّرْنَ‎ tuqayyarna	يُقَيَّرْنَ‎ yuqayyarna

References

“qīru”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD), volume 13, Q, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1982, pages 270–271
“qyr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “قير”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 417
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “قير”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 430–431
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 150
Freytag, Georg (1835), “قير”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 513–514
Freytag, Georg (1835), “قير”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 521
Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 439
Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “قير”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1074
Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 60

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