tar

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tar"

English
WOTD – 22 May 2007

Pronunciation
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /tɑː/
  • (General American) IPA(key): /tɑɹ/, [tʰɑɻ], [tʰɑɹ]
    • Audio (US)(file)
  • Audio (AU)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

Etymology 1

From Middle English ter, terr, tarr, from Old English teoru, teru, from Proto-Germanic *terwą (compare West Frisian tarre, Dutch teer), from Proto-Indo-European *derwo- (compare Welsh derw (“oaks”), Lithuanian dervà (“pinewood, resin”), Russian де́рево (dérevo, “tree”), Bulgarian дърво́ (dǎrvó, “tree”)), from *dóru (“tree”). More at tree.

Noun

tar (countable and uncountable, plural tars)

  1. (uncountable) A black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal.
  2. Coal tar.
  3. (uncountable) A solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.
  4. (slang, dated) A sailor, because of their tarpaulin clothes. Also Jack Tar.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Jonathan Swift to this entry?)
  5. Black tar, a form of heroin.
Derived terms
Terms derived from tar (noun)
Translations

Verb

tar (third-person singular simple present tars, present participle tarring, simple past and past participle tarred)

  1. (transitive) To coat with tar.
  2. (transitive) To besmirch.
    The allegations tarred his name, even though he was found innocent.
    • Paul Robinson's "The Gate Contracts":
      Dr. Sign: In fact, maybe you think I should get credit, but if I do, Dr. Frendall will be scorned. You know why
      Dr. Ellsworth: Yes, I know. Your critics will tar him with the same brush as you.
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of tape archive.

Noun

tar (plural tars)

  1. (computing) A program for archiving files, common on Unix.
  2. (computing) A file produced by such a program.
Derived terms
Translations

Verb

tar (third-person singular simple present tars, present participle tarring, simple past and past participle tarred)

  1. (computing, transitive) To create a tar archive.
Antonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Persian تار‎‎ (târ).

Alternative forms
  • tār

Noun

tar (plural tars)

  1. A Persian long-necked, waisted instrument, shared by many cultures and countries in the Middle East and the Caucasus.
Translations
See also
  • Appendix:Glossary of chordophones

Etymology 4

From Arabic طار‎ (ṭār).

Noun

tar (plural tars)

  1. A single-headed round frame drum originating in North Africa and the Middle East.
See also
  • Appendix:Glossary of membranophones
References

Anagrams

Aromanian

Noun

tar m (plural tari)

  1. donkey

Synonyms

Derived terms

Asturian

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin stāre, present active infinitive of stō. Compare Spanish estar, Aragonese estar, Galician estar, Portuguese estar, Catalan estar.

Verb

tar

  1. to be (referring to geographical place)
  2. to be (referring to something temporary)
  3. to be (for use in constructing continuous verb forms)
    tas xugando ― you are playing

Conjugation
Impersonal forms
Infinitive tar
Gerund tando
Past participle tao
Personal forms
yo tu él~elli/-a/-o nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós ellos/-es
Indicative Present to
toi		 tas ta tamos tais tán
Imperfect preterite taba tabes taba tábamos~tábemos tabais~tabeis taben
Perfect preterite tuvi
tevi		 tuvisti
tuviesti		 tuvo
tevo		 tuvimos
tuviemos		 tuvistis
tuviestis		 tuvieron
Pluperfect preterite tuviera~tuviere tuvieras~tuvieres tuviera~tuviere tuviéramos~tuviéremos tuvierais~tuviereis tuvieran~tuvieren
yo tu él~elli/-a/-o nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós ellos/-es
Subjunctive Present tea teas tea teamos teáis tean
Imperfect preterite tuviera~tuviere tuvieras~tuvieres tuviera~tuviere tuviéramos~tuviéremos tuvierais~tuviereis tuvieran~tuvieren
yo tu él~elli/-a/-o nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós ellos/-es
Potential Future taré tarás tará taremos taréis tarán
Conditional taría taríes taría taríamos~taríemos taríais~taríeis taríen
- tu vusté nosotros/-es~nós vosotros/-es~vós vustedes
Imperative ta vamos tar tai

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowing from a Oghur language, before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries)[1], from Proto-Turkic *daŕ (“bald”). Cognates include Turkish dazlak (“bald”), Karakhanid تازْ‎ (tāz, “bald”), and Middle Mongolian [script needed] (tarasun, “bald”), the latter perhaps a Turkic borrowing too.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈtɒr]
  • Audio(file)

Adjective

tar (not comparable)

  1. bald

Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative tar tarok
accusative tart tarokat
dative tarnak taroknak
instrumental tarral tarokkal
causal-final tarért tarokért
translative tarrá tarokká
terminative tarig tarokig
essive-formal tarként tarokként
essive-modal — —
inessive tarban tarokban
superessive taron tarokon
adessive tarnál taroknál
illative tarba tarokba
sublative tarra tarokra
allative tarhoz tarokhoz
elative tarból tarokból
delative tarról tarokról
ablative tartól taroktól

Synonyms

Derived terms

References
  1. Zaicz, Gábor. Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish do·icc.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /t̪ˠaɾˠ/

Verb

tar (present analytic tagann, future analytic tiocfaidh, verbal noun teacht, past participle tagtha)

  1. to come
  2. to survive
    Bhí a ndeartháir ar leaba an bháis, ach tháinig sé.
    Their brother was on his deathbed, but survived.
    Bádh a hathair agus tháinig a máthair.
    Her father drowned and her mother survived.

Conjugation
Conjugation of tar
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present tagaim tagann tú;
tagair†		 tagann sé, sí tagaimid;
tagann muid		 tagann sibh tagann siad;
tagaid†		 a thagann; a thagas /
a dtagann*; a dtagas*		 tagtar
past tháinig mé;
thánag		 tháinig tú;
thángais		 tháinig sé, sí thángamar;
tháinig muid		 tháinig sibh;
thángabhair		 tháinig siad;
thángadar		 a tháinig /
ar tháinig*		 thángthas
past habitual thagainn / dtagainn‡‡ thagtá / dtagtᇇ thagadh sé, sí / dtagadh sé, s퇇 thagaimis;
thagadh muid / dtagaimis‡‡;
dtagadh muid‡‡		 thagadh sibh / dtagadh sibh‡‡ thagaidís; thagadh siad / dtagaidís‡‡; dtagadh siad‡‡ a thagadh /
a dtagadh*		 thagtaí / dtagta퇇
future tiocfaidh mé;
tiocfad		 tiocfaidh tú;
tiocfair†		 tiocfaidh sé, sí tiocfaimid;
tiocfaidh muid		 tiocfaidh sibh tiocfaidh siad;
tiocfaid†		 a thiocfaidh, a thiocfas /
a dtiocfaidh*, a dtiocfas*		 tiocfar
conditional thiocfainn / dtiocfainn‡‡ thiocfá / dtiocfᇇ thiocfadh sé, sí / dtiocfadh sé, s퇇 thiocfaimis;
thiocfadh muid / dtiocfaimis‡‡;
dtiocfadh muid‡‡		 thiocfadh sibh / dtiocfadh sibh‡‡ thiocfaidís;
thiocfadh siad / dtiocfaidís‡‡;
dtiocfadh siad‡‡		 a thiocfadh /
a dtiocfadh*		 thiocfaí / dtiocfa퇇
subjunctive present go dtaga mé;
go dtagad†		 go dtaga tú;
go dtagair†		 go dtaga sé, sí go dtagaimid;
go dtaga muid		 go dtaga sibh go dtaga siad;
go dtagaid†		 — go dtagtar
past dá dtagainn dá dtagtá dá dtagadh sé, sí dá dtagaimis;
dá dtagadh muid		 dá dtagadh sibh dá dtagaidís; dá dtagadh siad — dá dtagtaí
imperative tagaim tar tagadh sé, sí tagaimis tagaigí;
tagaidh†		 tagaidís — tagtar
verbal noun teacht
past participle tagtha

*Indirect relative
† Dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Forms based on the stem tig- (e.g. tigim and tig/tigeann) are found in Ulster and parts of Munster; forms based on the stem teag- (e.g. teagaim and teagann) are found in parts of Connacht.

The present analytic tig is particularly common in tar le (“be able”).

The obsolete present subjunctive tí is now found only in the preposition go dtí (“to, toward, up to, until”).

Alternative forms of the second-person singular imperative include tair in Munster, teara in Connemara, and gabh in Ulster.

Derived terms

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
tar thar dtar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic طَارَ‎ (ṭāra, “to fly”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /taːr/

Verb

tar (imperfect itir, past participle mtajjar)

  1. to fly

Conjugation
conjugation of tar
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
jien(a) int(i) hu(wa) hi(ja) aħna intom huma
perfect tirt tirt tar taret tirna tirtu taru
imperfect intir ittir itir ittir intiru ittiru itiru
imperative tir tiru

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish do·icc.

Verb

tar (verbal noun çheet, simple past haink, future hig, conditional harragh)

  1. to come

Conjugation
Conjugation of tar
first analytical
singular plural
future independent higym higmayd hig
dependent jigym jigmayd jig
relative (no future relative form)
conditional independent harrin harragh
dependent darrin darragh
past haink
verbal noun çheet
past participle (no past participle form)

Derived terms

Middle English

Determiner

tar

  1. (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of þeir

References

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

tar

  1. present of ta

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

tar

  1. present of ta

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with Welsh tra and Latin trāns and Breton treuz.

Preposition

tar (with accusative)

  1. over, across

Derived terms

Descendants

Polish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tar/

Noun

tar f

  1. genitive plural of tara

Portuguese

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

tar

  1. (Portugal) Nonstandard spelling of estar.
    • 1983, Manuel da Costa Fontes, Romanceiro da Ilha de São Jorge, Universidade de Coimbra, page 236:
      Eu tou aqui nesta serra
      I’m here in this mountain chain

Swedish

Verb

tar

  1. present tense of ta.
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