گبر

See also: كثر‎, كبر‎, ك ب ر‎, and ك ث ر‎

Persian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“weave”).

Alternative forms
  • گپر‎ (gapr)

Noun

گبر • (gabr)

  1. hauberk

Etymology 2

From Aramaic 𐡂𐡁𐡓𐡀‎ (gaḇrā [gbrʾ], “man; person”), reflected in the Middle Persian logogram (huzvarishn) GBRA (mard, “man”). The Persian word was probably used in pre-Islamic Persia to refer to some Zoroastrians in Mesopotamia (inhabited by many Aramaeans).

Traditionally has been derived from Arabic كَافِر‎ (kāfir, “unbeliever”), but that is problematic on phonetic and semantic grounds.

See Shaki in Encyclopædia Iranica for more.

Alternative forms

Noun

گبر • (gabr)

  1. (archaic, later pejorative) Zoroastrian
  2. (archaic) kafir, infidel
    • Attributed to both Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr (967–1049) and Rumi (1207–1273)
      ‏باز آ باز آ هر آنچه هستی باز آ
      گر کافر و گبر و بت‌پرستی باز آ
      این درگه ما درگه نومیدی نیست
      صد بار اگر توبه شکستی باز آ      ‎
      Bāz-ā! Bāz-ā! Har ānče hastī bāz-ā!
      Gar kāfir u gabr u but-parastī bāz-ā!
      Īn dargah-i mā dargah-i nōmēdī nēst
      Sad bār agar tawba šikastī, bāz-ā!
      Literal translation:
      Return, return! Whatever thou art, return!
      Whether kafir, infidel, or idolater, return!
      This threshold of ours is not a threshold of despair.
      [Even] if you've broken your repentance a thousand times, return!

Derived terms
  • گبری‎ (gabri)
  • گبرک‎ (gabrak)
  • گبرکی‎ (gabraki)

Descendants
  • → French: guèbre
    • → English: gueber, guebre
  • → German: Geber

(via the by-form گاور‎ (gâvor))

  • → Azeri: gavur
  • → Ottoman Turkish: كاور‎ (gâvur)

References

See also
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