हम
Hindi
Etymology 1
From Old Hindi हम (hama), हंम (haṃma), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme) (locative of वयम् (vayam, “we”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *asmáy, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé. Compare Punjabi ਅਸੀਂ (asī̃), Assamese আমি (ami),Marathi आम्ही (āmhī), Konkani आमि.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɦəm/
Pronoun
हम • (ham) m or f (Urdu spelling ہم)
- we: first-person plural personal pronoun, plural of मैं (ma͠i)
- हम बहुत पहले से एक-दूसरे को जानते हैं।
- ham bahut pahle se ek-dūsre ko jānte hain.
- We've known each other for a long time.
- (Varanasi, Awadh, colloquial in Standard Hindi) I: first-person personal singular personal pronoun
- Synonym: मैं (ma͠i)
Usage notes
Because हम (ham) can mean both "we" and "I", sometimes हम लोग (ham log, “we people”) is used to specifically denote the plural. Usually context makes it clear when हम (ham) is being used for "we" or for "I". It is inflected and used grammatically the same for both meanings.
Most Eastern Hindi dialects only use हम (ham) as "I", and a variant of हम लोग (ham log) for "we".
Declension
Declension of हम | ||
---|---|---|
direct | हम (ham) | |
indirect | हम (ham) | |
ergative | हमने (hamne) | |
genitive | हमारा (hamārā) | |
dative | हमें (hamẽ) , हमको (hamko) |
Derived terms
- हमाहमी (hamāhamī)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Persian هم (ham), from Middle Persian hm (ham), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (hama), from Proto-Iranian *hamHáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɦəm]
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “हम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884), “हम”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & co.
Old Hindi
Alternative forms
- हंम (haṃma)
Etymology
From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मे (asme).
Descendants
- Hindi: हम (ham)