ὀδύνη

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”), with parallels in Lithuanian ėdžiótis (“to trouble oneself”) and ὀδύρομαι (odúromai, “to wail”) was compared as well. Another representative of this theory has been seen in Old Armenian երկն (erkn, “birth pain”). Or maybe from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to hate; to bite”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /o.dý.nɛː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /oˈdy.ne/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /oˈðy.ni/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /oˈðy.ni/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /oˈði.ni/

Noun

ὀδύνη • (odúnē) f (genitive ὀδύνης); first declension

pain of body
pain of mind, grief, distress

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ὀδύνη; τῆς ὀδύνης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ὀδύνη hē odúnē	τὼ ὀδύνᾱ tṑ odúnā	αἱ ὀδύναι hai odúnai
Genitive	τῆς ὀδύνης tês odúnēs	τοῖν ὀδύναιν toîn odúnain	τῶν ὀδυνῶν tôn odunôn
Dative	τῇ ὀδύνῃ têi odúnēi	τοῖν ὀδύναιν toîn odúnain	ταῖς ὀδύναις taîs odúnais
Accusative	τὴν ὀδύνην tḕn odúnēn	τὼ ὀδύνᾱ tṑ odúnā	τᾱ̀ς ὀδύνᾱς tā̀s odúnās
Vocative	ὀδύνη odúnē	ὀδύνᾱ odúnā	ὀδύναι odúnai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ὀδυναίτερος (odunaíteros)
ὀδυνάω (odunáō)
ὀδύνημα (odúnēma)
ὀδυνηρός (odunērós)
ὀδυνήφατος (odunḗphatos)
ὀδυνηφόρος (odunēphóros)
ὀδυνοσπάς (odunospás)
ὀδυνώδης (odunṓdēs)

Descendants

Greek: οδύνη (odýni)

References

ὀδύνη in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ὀδύνη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill

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