中古

Chinese

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhōnggǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹ gu²
Min Nan (POJ): tiong-kó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: zhōnggǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jongguu
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    中古
    鐘鼓／钟鼓
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung¹ gu²
  - Yale: jūng gú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹ gu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹ gu²
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kuː³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong-kó͘
  - Tâi-lô: tiong-kóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diongkor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /ʈɨuŋ kuo^X/▼

Rime
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	陟弓切	公戸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/	/kuo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/	/kuo^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/	/ko^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/	/kɔ^X/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/	/ko^X/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/	/ku^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/	/kuo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng	gǔ

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ kˤaʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ kaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›	‹ ku^X ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/	/*kˁaʔ/
English	center	ancient
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	中	古
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	17407	4219
Phonetic component	中	古
Rime group	終	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	中	古
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/	/*kaːʔ/

Etymology 1

		middle	old
simp. and trad. (中古)		中	古

Adjective

中古

middle(-aged) (as in Middle English, Middle Chinese, etc.)

Noun

中古

middle antiquity (from 3rd to 9th century)

Derived terms

中古時代／中古时代 (zhōnggǔ shídài)
中古法語／中古法语 (Zhōnggǔ fǎyǔ)

中古漢語／中古汉语 (zhōnggǔ hànyǔ)
中古英語／中古英语 (Zhōnggǔ Yīngyǔ)

Proper noun

中古

the Middle Ages

Etymology 2

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 中 (ちゅう)古 (こ) (chūko, “secondhand”)

Adjective

中古車 "used cars"

中古

(Taiwan) used; second hand

Synonyms

(used, second hand): 第二手 (dì'èrshǒu)

Derived terms

中古車／中古车 (zhōnggǔchē)

Etymology 3

		Chinese; China; Sino-	Cuba; Cuban
simp. and trad. (中古)		中	古

Adjective

中古

Sino-Cuban

Proper noun

中古

China and Cuba

Japanese

Kanji in this term
中	古
ちゅう Grade: 1	こ Grade: 2
on’yomi

Noun

中古 (hiragana ちゅうこ, rōmaji chūko)

medieval times
a secondhand or used item

Synonyms

(secondhand, used): セコハン (sekohan), セコンドハンド (sekondo-hando), セカンドハンド (sekando-hando)

Korean

Hanja in this term
中	古

Noun

中古 • (junggo) (hangeul 중고)

Hanja form^? of 중고 (“secondhand”).

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