傾く

/katabuku/ → /katamuku/

Shift from katabuku (see Etymology 2), the medial /-b-/ loses plosive and becomes a nasal /-m-/.

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) かたぶ​く [kàtábúꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠ta̠bɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

傾く (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana かたむく, rōmaji katamuku)

1. to tilt, lean, incline

   Synonyms: 傾ぐ (katagu); 偏る, 片寄る (katayoru)

2. to favor
3. to wane
4. to lose force, power, or momentum (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
5. to set in the west, said of the sun or moon

• 傾 (かたむ)き (katamuki)
• 傾 (かたむ)ける (katamukeru)
• 傾 (かたむき)山 (やま) (Katamuki-yama)

• 気 (き)持 (も)ちが傾 (かたむ)く (kimochi ga katamuku)

• 哲 (てっ)婦 (ぷ)城 (しろ)を傾 (かたむ)く (teppu shiro o katamuku)
• 一 (いっ)行 (こう)失 (しっ)すれば百 (はっ)行 (こう)ともに傾 (かたむ)く (ikkō shissureba hakkō tomo ni katamuku)

From Old Japanese.

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) かたぶ​く [kàtábúꜜkù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠ta̠bɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

傾く (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana かたぶく, rōmaji katabuku)

1. (archaic) to tilt, lean

   日 (ひ)の道 (みち)や　葵 (あふひ)傾 (かたぶ)く　五月 (さつき)雨 (あめ)

   hi no michi ya, aoi katabuku, satsuki-ame

   The sun's way: hollyhocks turn toward it through all the rain of May.[2]

   Synonym: 傾ぐ (katagu)

2. (archaic) to think something strange or odd
3. (archaic) to set in the west, said of the sun or moon
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 17, poem 3955), text here

     奴 (ぬ)婆 (ば)多 (た)麻 (ま)乃 (の)欲 (よ)波 (は)布 (ふ)氣 (け)奴 (ぬ)良 (ら)之 (し)多 (た)末 (ま)久 (く)之 (し)氣 (げ)敷 (ふ)多 (た)我 (が)美 (み)夜 (や)麻 (ま)尓 (に)月 (つき)加 (か)多 (た)夫 (ぶ)伎 (き)奴 (ぬ) [Man'yōgana]

     ぬばたまの夜 (よ)は更 (ふ)けぬらし玉 (たま)櫛 (くし)笥 (げ)二上山 (ふたがみやま)に月 (つき)かたぶきぬ [Modern spelling]

     nubatama no yo wa fukenurashi tama-kushige futagami-yama ni tsuki katabukinu

     It seems that the night, [dark] as pitch-black jade, has deepened. The moon has declined over [Futagami] mountain.[3]

   • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 680; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 59)

     やすらはで寝 (ね)なましものをさ夜 (よ)更 (ふ)けてかたぶくまでの月 (つき)を見 (み)しかな

     yasura wa de ne na mashi mono o sayo fukete katabuku made no tsuki o mishi kana

     I should not have waited. It would have been better to have slept and dreamed, than to have watched night pass, and this slow moon sink.[4]

4. (archaic) to lose force, power, or momentum (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
   • 711–712, Kojiki (poem 106)

     意 (お)富 (ほ)美 (み)夜 (や)能 (の)袁 (を)登 (と)都 (つ)波 (は)多 (た)傳 (で)須 (す)美 (み)加 (か)多 (た)夫 (ぶ)祁 (け)理 (り) [Man'yōgana]

     大宮 (おほみや)の彼 (をと)つ端 (はた)手 (で)隅 (すみ)傾 (かたぶ)けり [Modern spelling]

     ōmiya no oto tsu hatade sumi katabukeri

     At the great palace yonder eaveline's comets are slumping to the ground.[5]

5. to favor
6. to blame; to criticize (US)/criticise (UK) (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

   Synonym: 非難する (hinan suru)

• 傾 (かたぶ)き (katabuki)
• 傾 (かたむ)く (katamuku)
• 傾 (かたぶ)ける (katabukeru)

From 頭 (kabu, “head”) + く (-ku, verbal suffix).

The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), likely from the tilt sense. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

傾く (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana かぶく, rōmaji kabuku)

1. (archaic) to tilt one's head
2. (archaic) to dress or act in a strange or eccentric way to attract one's attention
3. (archaic) to perform kabuki

• 歌 (か)舞 (ぶ)伎 (き) (kabuki, “kabuki”)