森

森 U+68EE, 森
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68EE
← 棭
[U+68ED] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 棯 →
[U+68EF]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

森 (radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木木木 (DDD), four-corner 40994, composition ⿱木林)

References
  • KangXi: page 534, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14974
  • Dae Jaweon: page 922, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1226, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+68EE

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 森

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 森
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : Triplication of 木 (“tree”), to suggest a large number (compare 三) of trees such as one would find in a forest. Compare 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • siam1 - Shantou;
  • siem1 - Chaozhou.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 森
Mandarin Beijing /sən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂən⁴⁴/
/sən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /sən²¹/
Jinan /ʂẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂə̃²¹²³/
Zhengzhou /ʂən²⁴/
Xi'an /sẽ²¹/
Xining /sə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /səŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /sɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /sən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sen⁵⁵/
Kunming /sə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sən³¹/
Hefei /sən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /səŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /səŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sen³³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /sʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /san¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sən³³/
Xiangtan /sən³³/
Gan Nanchang /sɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sem⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sem²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐm⁵³/
Nanning /sɐm⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐm⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sim⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɛiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /saiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /siam³³/
/sim³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sim²³/
Rime
Character 森
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 所今切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂjim/
Li
Rong		 /ʃjəm/
Wang
Li		 /ʃĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shēn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 森
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sēn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ srim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.rəm/
English dense trees

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 森
Reading # 1/1
No. 11003
Phonetic
component		 森
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 森
Old
Chinese		 /*srɯm/

Definitions

森

  1. full of trees
  2. in profusion
  3. dark; gloomy; cold
    陰森 / 阴森  ―  yīnsēn  ―  gloomy
  4. orderly
  5. strict; rigid; rigorous
    森嚴 / 森严  ―  sēnyán  ―  strict; tight

Compounds
  • 森林法
  • 森林浴 (sēnlínyù)
  • 森森 (sēnsēn)
  • 森然
  • 森羅殿／森罗殿
  • 森羅萬象／森罗万象 (sēnluówànxiàng)
  • 森豎／森竖
  • 森鬱／森郁
  • 毛骨森然
  • 毛骨森竦
  • 毛髮森豎／毛发森竖
  • 海森堡
  • 涼森森／凉森森
  • 班強森／班强森
  • 白森森
  • 盧森堡／卢森堡 (Lúsēnbǎo)
  • 艾森豪
  • 萬象森羅／万象森罗
  • 葉斯沛森／叶斯沛森
  • 蕭森／萧森
  • 號令森嚴／号令森严
  • 詹森
  • 警備森嚴／警备森严
  • 門禁森嚴／门禁森严
  • 陰森／阴森 (yīnsēn)
  • 陰森森／阴森森
  • 麻森 (másēn)
  • 黃森森／黄森森
  • 黑森林 (Hēi Sēnlín)

Japanese

Kanji
森

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. forest, woods
  2. objects lined up
  3. silent

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
森
もり
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).[1]

Probably cognate with 盛り (mori, “heap, pile”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 盛る (moru, “to heap up, to build up into a significant amount”), from the way a forest can look like a heap or mound from a distance.[2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

森 (hiragana もり, rōmaji mori)

  1. a forest (dense collection of trees)
    • 1999 July 22, “トレント [Trent]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
      まだまだ成 (せい)長 (ちょう)し続 (つづ)けている森 (もり)の大 (たい)木 (ぼく)。森 (もり)の守 (まも)り神 (かみ)。
      Madamada seichōshitsuzuketeiru mori no taiboku. Mori no mamori kami.
      A growing forest tree. He is the guardian god of the woods.
    Synonym: 森林 (shinrin)
  2. a shrine grove

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 森 (モリ)青 (アオ)蛙 (ガエル) (mori aogaeru)
  • 森 (モリ)薊 (アザミ) (mori-azami)
  • 森 (もり)ガール (mori-gāru)
  • 森陰 (もりかげ) (morikage)
  • 森神 (もりがみ) (morigami)
  • 森川 (もりかわ) (Morikawa)
  • 森下 (もりした) (Morishita)
  • 森島 (もりしま) (Morishima)
  • 森嶋 (もりしま) (Morishima)
  • 森 (もり)田 (た) (Morita)
  • 森 (もり)派 (は) (Mori-ha)
  • 森番 (もりばん) (moriban)
  • 森本 (もりもと) (Morimoto)
  • 森嫁 (もりよめ) (mori yome, “forest nymph”)
  • 青森 (あおもり) (Aomori, “Aomori Prefecture”, literally "green forest")
  • 雨 (あめの)森 (もり) (Amenomori)
  • 生 (いく)田 (た)の森 (もり) (Ikuta no Mori)
  • 池 (いけ)子 (ご)の森 (もり) (Ikego no Mori)
  • 稲森 (イナモリ)草 (ソウ) (inamorisō)
  • 岩 (いわ)瀬 (せ)の森 (もり) (Iwase no Mori)
  • 磐 (いわ)手 (で)の森 (もり) (Iwade no Mori)
  • 浮 (うき)田 (た)の森 (もり) (Ukita no Mori)
  • 老 (おい)蘇 (その)森 (もり), 老 (おい)曽 (その)森 (もり) (Oiso no Mori)
  • 大森 (おおもり) (Ōmori)
  • 笠森 (かさもり) (Kasamori)
  • 金森 (かなもり) (Kanamori)
  • 気 (け)色 (しき)の森 (もり) (Keshiki no mori)
  • 小 (こ)森 (もり) (Komori)
  • 笹森 (ささもり) (Sasamori)
  • 重森 (しげもり) (Shigemori)
  • 信太 (しのだ)の森 (もり) (Shinoda no mori)
  • 杉森 (すぎもり) (Sugimori)
  • 鈴 (すず)ヶ森 (もり) (Suzugamori)
  • 高森 (たかもり) (Takamori)
  • 糺 (ただす)の森 (もり), 糺 (ただす)ノ森 (もり), 糾 (ただす)ノ森 (もり) (Tadasu no Mori)
  • 鎮守 (ちんじゅ)の森 (もり) (chinju no Mori)
  • 成 (な)らずの森 (もり) (narazu no Mori)
  • 羽 (は)束 (つか)師 (し)の森 (もり) (Hatsukashi no Mori)
  • 花森 (はなもり) (Hanamori)
  • 柞 (ははそ)の森 (もり) (hahaso no mori)
  • 藤森 (ふじもり) (Fujimori)
  • 丸森 (まるもり) (Marumori)
  • 明治 (めいじ)の森 (もり) (Meiji no Mori)
  • 万木 (ゆるぎ)の森 (もり) (Yurugi no Mori)

Proverbs
  • 木 (き)を見 (み)て森 (もり)を見 (み)ず (ki o mite mori o mizu, “see not the forest for the trees → not looking at the big picture from the details”)

See also

Proper noun

森 (hiragana もり, rōmaji Mori)

  1. a surname

References
  1. c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 10, poem 1850), text here
  2. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

Korean

Hanja

森 • (sam)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 삼 (revised: sam, McCune–Reischauer: sam, Yale: sam)
    • Name (hangeul): 숲
  1. forest

Vietnamese

Han character

森 (chùm, dụm, sâm, sum, sùm, xúm, dâm, dúm, râm, xum, xùm, hồng, dũng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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