球

See also: 毬
球 U+7403, 球
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7403
← 琂
[U+7402] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 琄 →
[U+7404]

Translingual

Han character

球 (radical 96, 玉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈十水 (MGIJE), four-corner 13132, composition ⿰⺩求)

Derived characters
  • 𫳰, 𨫣

References
  • KangXi: page 732, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21011
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1144, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1114, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+7403

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 球
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (求) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
救 *kus
求 *ɡu
球 *ɡu
逑 *ɡu
賕 *ɡu
蛷 *ɡu
莍 *ɡu
殏 *ɡu
梂 *ɡu
俅 *ɡu
脙 *ɡu, *qʰu
絿 *ɡu
銶 *ɡu
毬 *ɡu
捄 *ɡu, *ko
觩 *ɡu

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡu) : semantic ⺩ + phonetic 求 (OC *ɡu).

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 球
variant forms 毬

"Ball", earlier some "kind of jade". Bodman (1980) relates this to Wuming Zhuang klauA2 (“ball”), and relates 俅 (qiú, “gem-adorned”) to Tibetan གྲུ (gru, “lustre of gems”). This character had a softened initial in Proto-Min.

Originally written as 毬 (since Tang dynasty). The form 球 (qiú) (since Qing dynasty) is now more common.

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 球
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨鳩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /guw/
Li
Rong		 /ɡiu/
Wang
Li		 /ɡĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /gi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qiú
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 球
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qiú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gjuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ](r)[u]/
English "ball"?

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 球
Reading # 1/1
No. 10561
Phonetic
component		 求
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 𧚍
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡu/

Definitions

球

  1. ball, globe, orb
  2. (mathematics) sphere
  3. round, spherical
  4. earth
  5. ball (in sports)
  6. ball game
  7. Classifier for spherical objects.
  8. (Teochew, Xiang) Classifier for stringed objects. string
  9. (dialectal Mandarin, Jin, vulgar) Expletive. Often used in the form of ……個球(…… my ass). Underlying meaning may be "testes".

Compounds
Derived terms from 球

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 球 – see 璆 (“beautiful jade; tinkle of jade objects”).
(This character, 球, is a variant form of 璆.)

Japanese

Kanji
球

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
球
きゅう
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 毬 (gjuw, “ball, sphere, orb”).

Pronunciation

Noun

球 (hiragana きゅう, rōmaji kyū, historical hiragana きう)

  1. sphere; globe; orb
  2. (baseball) pitch
  3. (slang, electronics) vacuum tube, valve
    五 (ご)球 (きゅう)スーパーラジオ
    gokyū sūpā rajio
    five-tube superheterodyne receiver

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
球
たま
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

球 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 毬, hiragana たま, rōmaji tama)

  1. ball
  2. bulb (as in a light bulb)
  3. (slang, electronics) vacuum tube, valve
    球 (たま)のアンプ
    tama no anpu
    tube amplifier

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

球 • (gu) (hangeul 구)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

球 (cầu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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