科

科 U+79D1, 科
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79D1
← 秐
[U+79D0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 秒 →
[U+79D2]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

科 (radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木卜十 (HDYJ), four-corner 24900, composition ⿰禾斗)

References
  • KangXi: page 850, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24950
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1274, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2595, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+79D1

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 科

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 科
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (禾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
科 *kʰoːl, *kʰoːls
萪 *kʰoːl
蝌 *kʰoːl
犐 *kʰoːl
禾 *ɡoːl
和 *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls
咊 *ɡoːl
盉 *ɡoːl, *ɡoːls
龢 *ɡoːl
鉌 *ɡoːl
俰 *ɡoːls

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 禾 (“grain”) + 斗 (“measuring tool”).

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • khe/kher - vernacular (rare in Taiwan, not used in Zhangzhou);
  • kho - literary.
Rime
Character 科
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦禾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰuɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰuɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰuɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰwa/
Li
Rong		 /kʰuɑ/
Wang
Li		 /kʰuɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰuɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 kuō
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 科
Reading # 1/2
No. 4926
Phonetic
component		 禾
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 科
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰoːl/

Definitions

科

  1. sort; class; kind
  2. law; regulation
  3. (historical) imperial examination
  4. article; clause
  5. norms; rules
  6. division; branch (of study) (Classifier: 個／个)
  7. section; department
  8. (taxonomy) family
  9. to pass a sentence
  10. to check; to examine
  11. to punish; to fine or levy taxes

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 科
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰwaH/
Li
Rong		 /kʰuɑH/
Wang
Li		 /kʰuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 kuò
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 科
Reading # 2/2
No. 4930
Phonetic
component		 禾
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰoːls/

Definitions

科

  1. † to grow; to tiller

Compounds
Derived terms from 科

Japanese

Kanji
科

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. grade
  2. categorized classes or the text of law
  3. graded crimes
  4. examinations graded in classes
  5. divide taxes or crimes
  6. a (circular) hole

Readings

Compounds

References
  • New Nelson: 4130
  • Halpern: 1138
  • Halpern Learners: 775
  • Heisig: 1179
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 5d4.3
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
科
か
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Suffix

科 (hiragana か, rōmaji -ka, historical hiragana くわ)

  1. department, section
  2. (taxonomy) family

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
科
とが
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Noun

科 (hiragana とが, rōmaji toga)

  1. crime; wrongdoing
    • 1916, 森鷗外, 『高瀬舟』
      高瀬舟 (たかせぶね)に乗 (の)る罪人 (ざいにん)の過 (か)半 (はん)は、いわゆる心得違 (こころえちが)いのために、思 (おも)わぬ科 (とが)を犯 (おか)した人 (ひと)であった。
      Takasebune ni noru zainin no kahan wa, iwayuru kokoroechigai no tame ni, omowanu toga o okashita hito deatta.
      The majority of the criminals who rode Takase-bune were people who unwittingly committed crimes due to what we call misunderstandings.

Korean

Hanja

科 • (gwa) (hangeul 과, revised gwa, McCune–Reischauer kwa, Yale kwa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds
  • 科料

Vietnamese

Han character

科 (khoa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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