| fetus; litter | to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (胎生) |
胎 | 生 | |
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 胎 | 生 | 生 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 生 (21) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 庚 (109) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II | II |
| Fanqie | 土來切 | 所庚切 | 所敬切 |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tʰʌi/ | /ʃˠæŋ/ | /ʃˠæŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tʰəi/ | /ʃᵚaŋ/ | /ʃᵚaŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tʰɒi/ | /ʃaŋ/ | /ʃaŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tʰəj/ | /ʂaɨjŋ/ | /ʂaɨjŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/tʰᴀi/ | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/tʰɒi/ | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tʰɑ̆i/ | /ʂɐŋ/ | /ʂɐŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
tāi | shēng | shèng |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 胎 | 生 | 生 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
tāi | shēng | shēng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ thoj › | ‹ sræng › | ‹ srjæng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*l̥ˁə/ | /*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) | /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?) |
| English | fetus | bear, be born; live | bear, be born; live |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 胎 | 生 | 生 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12259 | 11312 | 11322 |
| Phonetic component |
台 | 生 | 生 |
| Rime group |
之 | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
胎 | 生 | 生 |
| Old Chinese |
/*l̥ʰɯː/ | /*sʰleːŋ/ | /*sreŋs/ |