敬

See also: 茍
敬 U+656C, 敬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-656C
← 敫
[U+656B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 敭 →
[U+656D]
敬 U+2F8C9, 敬
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C9
← 敏
[U+2F8C8] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣀊 →
[U+2F8CA]

Translingual

Han character

敬 (radical 66, 攴+9 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 攴+8 in mainland China and Japanese, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 48640, composition ⿰苟攵(GJKV) or ⿰茍攵(HT))

Derived characters

References

Wikidata

  • KangXi: page 473, character 35
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13285
  • Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1466, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+656C

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 敬

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 敬
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟼 *kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼 *kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ
驚 *kreŋ
警 *kreŋʔ
儆 *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs
璥 *keŋʔ
檠 *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬 *kreŋs
擎 *ɡreŋ
曔 *ɡreŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 茍 + 攵, logic unclear.

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居慶切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kiajŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kiɐŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kĭɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jìng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jìng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjængH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
English respectful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
No. 6885
Phonetic
component		 敬
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 敬
Old
Chinese		 /*kreŋs/

Definitions

敬

  1. to respect; to honor

Synonyms

Antonyms
  • 鄙 (bǐ, “to scorn”)

Compounds
Derived terms from 敬

Japanese

Kanji
敬

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Archaic

  • 敬 (けい)啓 (けい) (keikei): salutation at end of formal letter
  • 敬 (けい)呈 (てい) (keitei): salutation in a formal letter

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
敬
けい
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 敬 (kjængH, “respectful”).

Pronunciation

Affix

敬 (hiragana けい, rōmaji kei)

  1. respect, honor, reverence
Usage notes

Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb.[1][2] See 敬する.

Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
敬
うやまい
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 敬う (uyamau, “to respect, to esteem”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms
  • 敬い

Noun

敬 (hiragana うやまい, rōmaji uyamai)

  1. respect, esteem
Usage notes

More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.

Etymology 3

Used as ateji in various names.

Proper noun

敬 (hiragana たかし, rōmaji Takashi)

  1. A male given name

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

敬 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

  1. respect, honor
  2. respectfully

Vietnamese

Han character

敬: Hán Việt readings: kính (居(cư)慶(khánh)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
敬: Nôm readings: kính[1][2][4][5], kỉnh[2], kinh[6]

  1. Hán tự form of kính (“to respect”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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