See also:
U+9A5A, 驚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A5A

[U+9A59]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9A5B]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 187, +12, 22 strokes, cangjie input 廿大尸手火 (TKSQF), four-corner 48327, composition)

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 1446, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45013
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1970, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9A5A

Chinese

trad.
simp. *

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
*kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ
*kreŋ
*kreŋʔ
*kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs
*keŋʔ
*kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
*kreŋs
*ɡreŋ
*ɡreŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kreŋ) : phonetic  (OC *kreŋs) + semantic , as horses are skittish (easily startled).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • geng1 - vernacular;
  • ging1 - literary.
Note:
  • giăng - vernacular;
  • gĭng - literary.
Note:
  • kiaⁿ - vernacular;
  • keⁿ/kiⁿ - vernacular (limited use, e.g. 驚蟄);
  • keng - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (111)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kiajŋ/
Li
Rong
/kiɐŋ/
Wang
Li
/kĭɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jīng
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jīng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjæng ›
Old
Chinese
/*kreŋ/
English be afraid

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6877
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kreŋ/

Definitions

  1. to fear; to be afraid
  2. (of a horse etc.) to be startled; to shy
  3. to frighten; to scare
  4. scary; frightening
  5. fearfully; I'm afraid that ...
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese , , , , , , , ,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
Mandarin Beijing 害怕
Taiwan 害怕,
Harbin 害怕, 發毛
Jinan 害怕, , 打怵
Muping 害怕,
Luoyang 害怕,
Wanrong
Xi'an 害怕, , 怯火
Xuzhou 嫌怕, 打怵
Yinchuan 害怕,
Lanzhou 害怕, , 怯乎, 怯豁
Ürümqi 害怕
Wuhan 嚇不過,
Chengdu 害怕, 虛火,
Guiyang 害怕,
Liuzhou
Yangzhou 害怕, , 怕懼, 懼乎
Nanjing 嚇怕,
Hefei
Cantonese Guangzhou , , ,
Hong Kong , ,
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
Foshan ,
Shunde
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)
Taishan 𢗉
Kaiping (Chikan) 𢗉
Dongguan
Shaoguan ,
Yunfu ,
Yangjiang 𢗉
Xinyi
Lianjiang
Kuala Lumpur
Gan Nanchang
Lichuan
Hakka Meixian , 怕畏, ,
Changting
Wuping
Ninghua
Yudu
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
Liudui (S. Sixian)
Hsinchu (Hailu)
Dongshi (Dabu)
Hsinchu (Raoping)
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Hong Kong
Sabah
Senai
Singkawang
Huizhou Jixi ,
Jin Taiyuan 害怕,
Xinzhou 著怕,
Min Bei Jian'ou , , ,
Dikou
Songxi
Zhenghe
Zhenqian
Jianyang
Wuyishan
Shibei
Min Dong Fuzhou
Changle
Fuqing
Yongtai
Gutian
Fu'an
Ningde
Shouning
Zhouning
Fuding
Min Nan Xiamen , 驚惶, , 懾屎
Quanzhou , , 懾屎
Zhangzhou , 驚惶,
Taipei
Kaohsiung
Tainan
Taichung
Wuqi 驚惶
Hsinchu
Taitung
Lukang
Yilan
Magong
Penang
Chaozhou
Johor Bahru
Haikou
Leizhou
Puxian Min Putian
Pinghua Nanning ,
Wu Shanghai ,
Suzhou ,
Hangzhou , , , 怕慌, 發毛
Wenzhou ,
Chongming
Danyang
Jinhua
Ningbo ,
Xiang Changsha , 畏怯
Shuangfeng
Loudi

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

Readings


Korean

Hanja

(gyeong) (hangeul , revised gyeong, McCuneReischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(kinh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.