U+6050, 恐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6050

[U+604F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6051]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 61, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一弓心 (MNP) or X一弓心 (XMNP), four-corner 17331, composition ⿱⿰(GJKV) or ⿱⿰(HT))

Derived characters

  • 𠺱, 𢟈, 𦃵, 𫻐, 𦶐, 𮅱

References

  • KangXi: page 384, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10552
  • Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2289, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6050

Chinese

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
*kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
*kluːmʔ
*ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
*kroːŋ
*kroːŋ, *koːŋ
*kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
*kʰroːŋ
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
*kʰroːŋ
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
*qʰroːŋ
*qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
*qʰroːŋ
*ɡroːŋʔ
*ɡ·roːŋ
*koːŋ
*koːŋ
*koːŋ
*koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
*koːŋ, *kuːŋ
*koːŋ
*koːŋ
*koːŋs
*koːŋs
*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
*kʰoːŋ
*kʰoːŋ
*kʰoːŋ
*kʰoːŋ
*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
*kʰoːŋs
*qʰoːŋ
*qʰoːŋʔ
*ɡoːŋ
*ɡoːŋ
*ɡoːŋ
*ɡoːŋ
*ɡoːŋ
*ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
*ɡoːŋʔ
*ɡoːŋʔ
*koŋʔ
*koŋʔ
*kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
*kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
*ɡoŋ
*ɡoŋ
*ɡoŋ
*ɡoŋ

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /kʰuŋ²¹⁴/
Harbin /kʰuŋ²¹³/
Tianjin /kʰuŋ¹³/
Jinan /kʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /kʰəŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kʰuŋ⁵³/
Xi'an /kʰuŋ⁵³/
Xining /kʰuə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /kʰuŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /kʰũn⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /kʰuŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /kʰoŋ⁴²/
Chengdu /kʰoŋ⁵³/
Guiyang /kʰoŋ⁴²/
Kunming /kʰoŋ⁵³/
Nanjing /kʰoŋ²¹²/
Hefei /kʰəŋ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /kʰuəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /kʰuŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /kʰũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kʰoŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /kʰoŋ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /kʰoŋ⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰyɔ³⁵/
/kʰoŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /kʰuʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /kʰan³¹/ ~怖
/t͡ɕʰin³¹/ ~怕
Xiang Changsha /kʰoŋ⁴¹/
Xiangtan /kʰən⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /kʰuŋ²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiuŋ³¹/
Taoyuan /kʰioŋ³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ³⁵/
Nanning /kʰuŋ³⁵/
Hong Kong /huŋ³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰiɔŋ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰyŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰioŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /xɔŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (29) (29)
Final () (7) (7)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɨoŋX/ /kʰɨoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰioŋX/ /kʰioŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰioŋX/ /kʰioŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰuawŋX/ /kʰuawŋH/
Li
Rong
/kʰioŋX/ /kʰioŋH/
Wang
Li
/kʰĭwoŋX/ /kʰĭwoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰi̯woŋX/ /kʰi̯woŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qiǒng qiòng
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
kǒng
Middle
Chinese
‹ khjowngX ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʰ(r)oŋʔ/
English fear

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4071 4072
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰoŋʔ/ /*kʰoŋs/

Definitions

  1. to fear; to be afraid
  2. fearful; apprehensive
  3. perhaps; may (not)

Compounds

  • 唯恐 (wéikǒng)
  • 唯恐不及
  • 恐嚇恐吓 (kǒnghè)
  • 恐嚇罪恐吓罪
  • 恐後爭先恐后争先
  • 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
  • 恐怖 (kǒngbù)
  • 恐怖主義恐怖主义 (kǒngbùzhǔyì)
  • 恐怖分子 (kǒngbùfènzǐ)
  • 恐怖小說恐怖小说
  • 恐怖時代恐怖时代
  • 恐怖片兒恐怖片儿
  • 恐恐然
  • 恐惶
  • 恐惶悚懼恐惶悚惧
  • 恐慌 (kǒnghuāng)
  • 恐慌症
  • 深恐
  • 爭先恐後争先恐后 (zhēngxiānkǒnghòu)
  • 猶恐犹恐
  • 生恐
  • 白色恐怖 (báisè kǒngbù)
  • 皇恐灘皇恐滩
  • 紅色恐怖红色恐怖
  • 經濟恐慌经济恐慌
  • 臨死不恐临死不恐
  • 臨難不恐临难不恐
  • 誠恐诚恐
  • 誠恐誠惶诚恐诚惶
  • 誠惶誠恐诚惶诚恐
  • 震恐 (zhènkǒng)
  • 驚恐惊恐 (jīngkǒng)
  • 驚恐萬分惊恐万分

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. fear; be afraid
  2. threaten
  3. probably

Readings

Compounds

References


Korean

Hanja

(gong) (hangeul , revised gong, McCuneReischauer kong, Yale kong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(khủng, thứ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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