紅

See also: 红
紅 U+7D05, 紅
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D05
← 約
[U+7D04] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 紆 →
[U+7D06]

Translingual

Han character

紅 (radical 120, 糸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女火一 (VFM), four-corner 21910, composition ⿰糹工)

References

Wikidata

  • KangXi: page 916, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27243
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1343, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3363, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7D05

Chinese
trad. 紅
simp. 红

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡoːŋ) : semantic 糹 + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • è̤ng - colloquial;
  • hùng - literary ("successful;
  • red bunting").
Note:
  • âng - colloquial;
  • hông - literary.
Note:
  • ang5 - colloquial;
  • hong5 - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 紅
Mandarin Beijing /xuŋ³⁵/
Harbin /xuŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /xuŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /xuŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /xəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /xuŋ²⁴/
Xining /xuə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /xuŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /xũn⁵³/
Ürümqi /xuŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /xoŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /xoŋ³¹/
Guiyang /xoŋ²¹/
Kunming /xoŋ³¹/
Nanjing /xoŋ²⁴/
Hefei /xəŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦoŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦoŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦoŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦoŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /xuʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xan⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xoŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /ɦən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /fuŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /fuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /fuŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ²¹/
Nanning /huŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /huŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hɔŋ³⁵/
/aŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /øyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hoŋ⁵⁵/
/aŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hɔŋ³¹/
/aŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 紅
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸公切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦəwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hóng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 紅
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hóng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ huwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡˁoŋ/
English pink

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 紅
Reading # 1/1
No. 4055
Phonetic
component		 工
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 洪
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡoːŋ/

Definitions

紅

  1. red
    紅色 / 红色  ―  hóngsè  ―  red (color)
    紅茶 / 红茶  ―  hóngchá  ―  black tea (literally, “red tea”)
  2. (colloquial) popular; in vogue
  3. The red clothes and bunting used on festive occasions.
    披紅 / 披红  ―  pīhóng  ―  to drape in red silk as a sign of honor or for festivity
    紅包 / 红包  ―  hóngbāo  ―  red envelope / red packet
  4. (figuratively) revolutionary; Communist; Red
    紅軍 / 红军  ―  hóngjūn  ―  Red army
  5. worldly
  6. women's
  7. bonus; dividend
    分紅 / 分红  ―  fēnhóng  ―  distribute or draw dividends
  8. (Cantonese) blood tofu
    豬紅 / 猪红 [Cantonese]  ―  zyu1 hung4 [Jyutping]  ―  pig blood tofu
  9. A surname​. Hong

Synonyms

Compounds
Derived terms from 紅

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

紅

  1. † Substitute character for 功 (gōng).
  2. † Substitute character for 工 (gōng).
    女紅 / 女红  ―  nǚgōng  ―  the feminine arts (e.g. needlework, sewing, embroidery)
  3. Placename in the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period in Chinese history, northeast of modern Tai'an, Shandong.

Compounds
Derived terms from 紅

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

紅

  1. † Substitute character for 絳／绛 (jiàng).

Japanese

Kanji
紅

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. crimson
  2. female
  3. work done by women

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
紅 (kurenai, beni, kō): hexadecimal color code #D71345
紅 (kurenai, beni): the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius
Kanji in this term
紅
くれない
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

⟨kure no2 awi⟩ → /kurenawi/ → /kurenai/

From Old Japanese.

Shift from 呉の藍 (Kure no ai):[1][2] 呉 (Kure, “China”) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 藍 (ai, “indigo”: by extension, “dye”). The safflower, from which the crimson dye was extracted, was brought to Japan from China.

Pronunciation

Noun

紅 (hiragana くれない, rōmaji kurenai, historical hiragana くれなゐ)

  1. the color crimson, a vivid red edging towards pink
    Synonyms: 紅色 (kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro), 丹紅 (tankō)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 19, poem 4139), text here
      春 (はるの)苑 (その)紅 (くれなゐ)尓 (に)保 (ほ)布 (ふ)桃 (ももの)花 (はな)下照道 (したでるみち)尓 (に)出立 (いでたつ)𡢳嬬 (をとめ) [Man'yōgana]
      春 (はる)の園 (その)紅 (くれなゐ)にほふ桃 (もも)の花 (はな)下 (した)照 (で)る道 (みち)に出 (い)で立 (た)つ娘子 (をとめ) [Modern spelling]
      haru no sono kurenai niou momo no hana shitaderu michi ni idetatsu otome
      My whole spring arbor radiates a crimson glow: blossoms of the peach shine down on the garden path where a maiden steps in view.[3]
  2. the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), from which this color is extracted
    Synonyms: 呉の藍 (Kure no ai), 紅花 (kōka, benibana), 末摘花 (suetsumuhana)
    • 905, Kokin Wakashū (book 13, poem 661)
      紅 (くれなゐ)の色 (いろ)にはいでじ隠 (かく)れ沼 (ぬ)の下 (した)にかよひて恋 (こひ)は死 (し)ぬとも
      kurenai no iro ni wa ideji kakure nu no shita ni kayoite koi wa shinu to mo
      I shall not show it as a safflower flaunts its red―not though I perish of a love kept as secret as streams in a hidden marsh.[4]
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 紅 (くれない)の (kurenai no, pillow word)
  • 紅 (くれない)色 (いろ) (kurenai-iro)
  • 紅 (くれない)縅 (おどし) (kurenai odoshi)
  • 紅 (くれない)菊 (ぎく) (kurenai-giku)
  • 紅 (くれない)格 (ごう)子 (し) (kurenai-gōshi)
  • 紅 (くれない)絞 (しぼ)り (kurenai shibori)
  • 紅 (くれない)芋茎 (ずいき) (kurenai zuiki, “red taro stems; red aroid”)
  • 紅 (くれない)裾 (すそ)濃 (ご) (kurenai susogo)
  • 紅 (くれない)の装 (そう)束 (ぞく) (kurenai no sōzoku)
  • 紅 (くれない)染 (ぞめ), 紅 (くれない)染 (ぞ)め (kurenai-zome)
  • 紅 (くれない)匂 (にお)い (kurenai nioi)
  • 紅 (くれない)の薄 (うす)様 (よう) (kurenai no usuyō)
  • 紅 (くれない)の塵 (ちり) (kurenai no chiri)
  • 紅 (くれない)の涙 (なみだ) (kurenai no namida)
  • 紅 (くれない)の葉 (は) (kurenai no ha)
  • 紅 (くれない)の袴 (はかま) (kurenai no hakama, “red hakama”)
  • 紅 (くれない)の筆 (ふで) (kurenai no fude)
  • 紅 (くれない)の文 (ふみ) (kurenai no fumi)
  • 紅 (くれない)紅葉 (もみじ) (kurenai momiji)
  • 薄 (うす)紅 (くれない) (usu-kurenai, “light pink, light crimson”)
  • 唐 (から)紅 (くれない), 韓 (から)紅 (くれない) (kara-kurenai, “Chinese red”)
  • 白 (しろ)紅 (くれない) (shiro-kurenai)
  • 爪 (つま)紅 (くれない), 端 (つま)紅 (くれない) (tsumakurenai)
  • 中 (なか)紅 (くれない) (naka-kurenai, “medium crimson”)
  • 直 (ひた)紅 (くれない) (hita-kurenai)
  • 皆 (みな)紅 (ぐれない) (minagurenai)
  • 夕 (ゆう)紅 (くれない) (yū-kurenai)
Proverbs

Proper noun

紅 (hiragana くれない, rōmaji Kurenai)

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2
紅 (beni): lipstick
紅 (beni): rouge
Kanji in this term
紅
べに
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

*/peni/ → /beni/

First attested in The Pillow Book, completed in 1002.

Shift from *heni, attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE) with the original sense of "rouge".

The ni is definitely 丹 (ni, “red earth, cinnabar”), while the initial pe/be remains uncertain.

Pronunciation

Noun

紅 (hiragana べに, rōmaji beni)

  1. the color crimson, a vivid red edging towards pink
    Synonyms: 紅色 (kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro), 丹紅 (tankō)
  2. Short for 紅花 (benibana). the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), from which this color is extracted
  3. the crimson pigment extracted from safflower petals, used in cosmetics and as a food coloring
    Synonym: 臙脂 (enji)
  4. rouge (red cosmetic traditionally made from safflowers)
    Synonym: 頬紅 (hōbeni)
  5. lipstick, lip liner (also traditionally made from safflowers)
    Synonym: 口紅 (kuchibeni)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 紅赤 (べにあか) (beni-aka)
  • 紅 (べに)あぐー (beni agū)
  • 紅板 (べにいた) (beniita)
  • 紅色 (べにいろ) (beni-iro)
  • 紅 (べに)鬱 (う)金 (こん) (beni ukon)
  • 紅 (ベニ)空木 (ウツギ) (beni utsugi)
  • 紅 (べに)絵 (え) (benie)
  • 紅 (べに)緒 (お) (benio)
  • 紅 (べに)白粉 (おしろい) (beni oshiroi)
  • 紅貝 (ベニガイ) (benigai)
  • 紅返 (べにがえ)し (benigaeshi)
  • 紅萼 (ベニガク), 紅額 (ベニガク) (benigaku)
  • 紅蟹 (ベニガニ) (benigani)
  • 紅 (べに)鉄 (か)漿 (ね) (benikane)
  • 紅殻 (ベニガラ) (Benigara)
  • 紅革 (べにかわ), 紅皮 (べにかわ) (benikawa)
  • 紅隈 (べにぐま) (beniguma)
  • 紅 (べに)栗 (くり)毛 (げ) (beni kurige)
  • 紅 (べに)粉 (こ) (beniko)
  • 紅 (ベニ)合歓 (ゴウカン) (beni gōkan)
  • 紅 (べに)格 (ごう)子 (し) (beni-gōshi)
  • 紅鮭 (ベニザケ) (benizake), 紅鱒 (ベニマス) (benimasu)
  • 紅 (べに)差 (さ)し指 (ゆび) (benisashi yubi)
  • 紅皿 (べにざら) (benizara)
  • 紅 (ベニ)小 (シ)灰 (ジ)蝶 (ミ) (beni shijimi)
  • 紅 (ベニ)羊 (シ)歯 (ダ) (beni shida)
  • 紅 (ベニ)下 (シタ)翅 (バ) (beni shitaba)
  • 紅 (ベニ)紫 (シ)檀 (タン) (beni shitan)
  • 紅 (べに)絞 (しぼ)り (beni-shibori)
  • 紅 (べに)生 (しょう)姜 (が) (beni shōga)
  • 紅 (ベニ)天蛾 (スズメ) (beni suzume)
  • 紅 (ベニ)雀 (スズメ) (benisuzume)
  • 紅 (べに)摺 (ず)り絵 (え) (beni-zurie)
  • 紅染 (べにぞめ), 紅 (べに)染 (ぞ)め (beni-zome)
  • 紅茸 (ベニタケ) (benitake)
  • 紅 (べに)猪 (ちょ)口 (く) (beni choku), 紅 (べに)猪 (ちょ)口 (こ) (beni choko)
  • 紅 (べに)付 (つ)け指 (ゆび) (benitsuke yubi)
  • 紅鶴 (ベニヅル) (benizuru, “flamingo”)
  • 紅 (べに)天 (てん)狗 (ぐ)茸 (たけ) (beni tengutake)
  • 紅 (ベニ)灯台 (ドウダン) (beni dōdan)
  • 紅 (べに)の木 (き) (beni no ki), 紅 (ベニノ)木 (キ) (beninoki)
  • 紅鳩 (ベニバト) (benibato)
  • 紅花 (ベニバナ) (benibana, “safflower”)
  • 紅 (ベニ)檜 (ヒ) (benihi)
  • 紅 (ベニ)日 (ヒ)陰 (カ)蝶 (ゲ) (beni hikage)
  • 紅鶸 (ベニヒワ) (benihiwa)
  • 紅筆 (べにふで) (benifude)
  • 紅 (ベニ)猿子 (マシコ), 紅 (ベニ)増 (マシ)子 (コ) (benimashiko)
  • 紅雪 (べにゆき) (beniyuki)
  • 紅 (ベニ)林 (リン)檎 (ゴ) (beni ringo)
  • 愛嬌 (あいきょう)紅 (べに), 愛敬 (あいきょう)紅 (べに) (aikyō beni)
  • 油紅 (あぶらべに) (aburabeni)
  • 天 (あま)が紅 (べに), 尼 (あま)が紅 (べに) (ama ga beni)
  • 丑紅 (うしべに) (ushibeni)
  • 薄紅 (うすべに) (usubeni, “light pink, light crimson”)
  • 寒紅 (かんべに) (kanbeni)
  • 口紅 (くちべに) (kuchibeni)
  • 笹紅 (ささべに) (sasabeni)
  • 四 (し)方 (ほう)紅 (べに) (shihō beni)
  • 食 (しょく)紅 (べに) (shokubeni)
  • 卵 (たまご)紅 (べに) (tamagobeni)
  • 爪 (つま)紅 (べに), 端 (つま)紅 (べに) (tsumabeni)
  • 天 (てん)地 (ち)紅 (べに) (tenchi beni)
  • 唐紅 (とうべに) (tōbeni)
  • 練紅 (ねりべに), 練 (ね)り紅 (べに), 煉紅 (ねりべに), 煉 (ね)り紅 (べに) (neribeni)
  • 血紅 (のりべに), 糊紅 (のりべに) (noribeni)
  • 縁紅 (フチベニ)弁慶 (ベンケイ) (fuchibeni benkei)
  • 棒紅 (ぼうべに) (bōbeni)
  • 頬紅 (ほおべに) (hōbeni)
Idioms

Proper noun

紅 (hiragana べに, rōmaji Beni)

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 3
紅 (aka): hexadecimal color code #FF0000
Kanji in this term
紅
あか
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Alternate spelling for 赤 (aka, “red”).

Pronunciation

Noun

紅 (hiragana あか, rōmaji aka)

  1. Alternative spelling of 赤 (aka, “red”)
Usage notes

The 紅 spelling for aka carries connotations of a deeper red or crimson color.

Proper noun

紅 (hiragana あか, rōmaji Aka)

  1. a female given name

Etymology 4
紅 (momi): A princess doll showing the momi kimono liner.
Kanji in this term
紅
もみ
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

From 揉み (momi, “kneading”, stem form of verb momu), by extension from the kneading of cloth during the dyeing process.

Alternative forms
  • 紅絹

Pronunciation

Noun

紅 (hiragana もみ, rōmaji momi)

  1. silk cloth dyed an even shade of one color, often a deep gold dyed again with crimson, traditionally used as a kimono liner
    Synonym: 本紅 (hon-momi)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

紅 (hiragana もみ, rōmaji Momi)

  1. a female given name

Etymology 5
紅 (kō): hexadecimal color code #D71345
Kanji in this term
紅
こう
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 紅 (MC ɦuŋ).

Pronunciation

Noun

紅 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō)

  1. the color crimson, a vivid red edging towards pink
    Synonym: 紅色 (kurenai-iro, kōshoku, beni-iro)
Idioms
  • 紅 (こう)をさす (kō o sasu), 紅 (こう)を潮 (ちょう)す (kō o chōsu, “show the crimson → blush; flush; to go red in the face, as from shame or anger”)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

紅 (hiragana こう, rōmaji Kō)

  1. a female given name

References
  1. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 466
  4. Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Brocade by Night: Kokin Wakashū and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 264

Korean

Hanja

紅 • (hong, gong) (hangeul 홍, 공, McCune–Reischauer hong, kong, Yale hong, kong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

紅: Hán Việt readings: hồng (胡(hồ)公(công)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], hường[5]
紅: Nôm readings: hồng[1][2][4][5][3], hường[2][6][5], hông[7]

  1. Hán tự form of hồng (“red”).
  2. Nôm form of hường (“rose”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Hồ (1976).
  7. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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